Kurihara, M

Nishida, T

Purnomoadi, Agung

Shibata, M

Terada, F

Vera, J. C. Ku

English

Diponegoro University Institutional Repository

Energy metabolism of farm animals Proceedings ofthe 13th symposium, Moj,:lcar, Spain 18 - 24 September 1994 (EAAP Publication No. 76, 1994) J. F. Aguilera (COmpil~ .'­CSIC CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS SERVICIO DE PUBLICACIONES, 1994 CSIC Publishing Service ISBN: 84-00-07465-3 Deposito M-37933-1993 EAAP Publication No. 199..+ All rights reserved, No part of this publ ication may be reproduced, stored in a computerized transmiued in any form or means, reprographic or without the prior permission of the publ isher. The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the of the authors. Distributed 	 Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (CSIC) Department of Animal nutrition Profesor Albareda, 1 18008 Granada Printed in December BOUNCOPY. SA San Romualdo. 26 28037 Madrid :91-304 43/30478433048145 in 109 (ACTH) R, Newman, Rigby, 1M, Gooden and P,c' 113""'I'S"""'''''''' of diet-induced thermogenesis in birds - IF. Gabarrou M, Quiroga, R, Landa and N. Auza, 121Insulin-regulatable glucose transporter in  bovine mJsc!e: P.A. Geraert, effect of pyrrolidone  in ruminants 117 characterization F, Bomes, B. Tissue ATPase  in somatotropin-treated TJ, 125 and D, Gavelek, Effect of feed or energy restriction and isocaloric substitution of 129 carbohydrate hormone and nutritional - IF. Hocquette, 8. Picard and r:mi"n,,,rt'f>r~ in skeletal muscles from dry 123 Hocquette, F. P, Ferre sunt10wer oil on heat production and thyroid of meat-type chickens - E, Decuypele. T. Bartha, 1. Buyse and P, Rudas. Effect of energy source on substrate oxidation 133 and in rainbow trout F, Medale, c, Brauge and G, Corraze. DISCUSSION OF SESS[ON III 137 Nutritional and endocrine of energy metabolism 139 G,E, Summary of the discussion 151 SESSION IV: EFFECTS OF DIETARY COMPONENTS ON 153 ENERGY UTILIZATION Effect of undegradable nutrients on energy deposition in steers - ISS Li Aike and Feng Growth and in bulls and heifers of two 159 with respect of molasses - A Araba and The and on net 163 matter or Bakker, utilisation of fodder beets and sugar in lactating dairy cows 167 F, Birkenmaier, H.L. Muller and M, Kirchgepner. of energy utilization of volatile fatty acids by mature 171 a hay or diet - M, Shibata, M, T. Nishida, Agung Pumomoadi and J.c' Ku Vera, III was above MEm. Total of HC diet was EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY UTILIZATION OF VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS BY MATURE CATILE GIVEN A HAY OR HIGH-CONCENTRATE DIET M. Shibata 1, M. , T. Nishida l , F. Terada2, Purnomoadi3 and 1. C. Ku Vera4 Institute of Animal Industry, Tsukuba Norindanchi P.O. Box 5, lbaraki, 305 National Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigoshi, Kumamoto, 861 University, Semarang, 50241 Indonesia; 4 University of Mexico were conducted with and lactating Holstein (%) 2, 7 and I; cows to determine utilization of acids (VFA). The cows were fed or high concentrate diet as a basal diet Three VF A mixtures acetic, propionic and butyric acid in the following 4.5 and I; 7, 2 and I were infused into the rumen to of metabolizable required for maintenance (MEm) or for maintenance milk production. VFA had onlv a small effect on the function of mmen. There was a clear nitrogen •effect of the energy (TEB) from energy increased with an increase in the acid infused when the diet was given as while it the proportion of acid infused when the efficiency of of the VF A mixtures in cows was (TEB<O) and 0.529 (TEB>O) BO was HC while the values were 0.525 (TEB<O) and 0.444 (TEB>O) was hay. MEm an efficiency of milk production were calculated and 0.664, cow, diet. volatile fatty energy utilization Introduction to be 485 the efficiency of energy utilization of volatile efficiencv was measured when 10 to 20 was as VF A' to a basal diet (Holter et 1972: was infused into an empty mmen without feed it is considered that the of total and Materials and Methods in 2 trials. twice daily. acid in the I 7, 2 and 1 mixture, nrf'n::lrf'ri by partially with was diluted to 20 liters with water and infused into the rumen at a constant rate over 23 hr of each to supply of 686 were concentrate (HC) diet was fed and 4.5 and rumen fistulated Holstein cows with an were fed italian different 171 of ME required for maintenance AFFRC, 1994). The treatments for both trials were (I)B050: BO equivalent to (2)A2P7: B050+A2P7 B050+A45 solution, (4)A7P2: solution, (5)BO BO 100% of MEm, The period of one treatment was 14 Studies during the last 4 Rumen and blood were taken at 0, morning the disappearance rate matter (OM) in the rumen was measured the nylon technique for 48 hr and (HP) was measured "'''L)1lCH'',''' chambers the last days, cows with rumen fistulas (668kg BW) were used in 2 were fed in trial J and fed the same HC diet used in 1 as BO, Three mixtures, the same as in I. were infused into the rumen, amount and procedure of VF A infusion were the same 'as in I. The treatments for both trials were I)BOIOO: BO to 100% of BOIOO+A2P7 solution, BOIOO+A45 solution, (4)A 7P2: BOI solution, (5)BDI50; BO to 150% of MEm. The experimental and procedure were the same as 3. Three lactating Holstein cows with rumen fistulas (675kg BW) were a 3x3 latin square design with 14 days for each were fed IRG and concentrate (lRG . concentrate as the BD, meal was added to the BO to crude protein VF A mixture, prepared by with 400g liters daily) with tap water into rumen to milk production (AFFRC, The treatments were (I) BO to 100% of MEm and milk liters of water 50% of B0300+A2P7 solution. Hlln J-\"tj solution. In to 3 treatments, A 7P2 treatment was also done. The procedure of measurements and Data obtained from \988) for data to by 3x3 latin digestibility (OMd), bacterial counts conSIdered that VFA rumen. Total infusion reduced protozoal counts dry and lactating cows. Urinary allantoin excretion and VFA treatment in dry cows. feeding compared with feeding hay. This could attributed microbial protein because of the higher CP and HC diet. Nitrogen (N) balance did not show among VF A treatments in both dry and cows. However, in lactating cows, N balance increased with an increase in the proportion of propionic acid infused. It is that there was a clear N effect of propionate when energy supplied was above MEm, as for (0rskov et aI, 1979). There were no in the yield and composition of milk among treatments. Milk at B0300. Fat content of milk tended to be lower during the is a similar trend to that observed other workers (Armstrong and Holter et 1972) while the content of milk tended to be in and A45 treatments. milk fat content remained at a level even though the ruminal acetate to low Sutton et al. (1988) reported that constant fluctuation h the concentration of insulin the N>','Pr>I'v of milk-fat In present 172 counts of bacteria and protozoa, log No.!ml rumen mg/dl; flU/ml; GE and ME 1). differences in the concentrations of and insulin between YFA treatments in dry cows. in lactating cows, plasma during the A45 and A2P7 treatments was relatively than those of A 7P2 and B0300. However, no severe depression of milk A2P7 could be attributed to the similarity in physiological status of and constant infusion of VFA. Table LLeast square means for OM digestibility, ruminal parameters and N and energy utilization fat content hem Treatmenl BDIOO BD300 A2P7 A45 A7P2 DMd, % 	 62.5 63.9 65.8 72.9 75.3 72.3 72.7 Rumen I) % 64.3 63.6 60.2 61. 1 59.0 65.2 4S,4 34.8 30.3 ...,A:P 	 J.L,*'* 2.8 I.OR Ub 3.7c 3.7c 3JR,A 06b,B 1.3 b.B 3.2a 9 ,**Bacleria2) .J 8.7 9.0 9.0 9.1 8.9 9.3 9.2 9.3 PrOiozoa2) 4.4 4.2a 4.1 a 5.2b 4.7" 3.6b 3Ab UAE, g/d 88 6.1 1 3.3 3.0 9.3 750A 45.9B 548 B 38.5 N balance, 5.0 6.2 12.4 -1.4 I 1.6 9.4 7.1 4.1 -10.8 Plasma l ,2) Glucose 70.9 70.6 71.S 73.6 710 70.6 76.4a,A 703b,B 70.Sb,B n.4b Insulin 47.7** 60.4 59.5 53.6 62.3 S3.5 I83a,A 29.0b,c,B 298c.8 2.4 a,b Energy balance YFA GE2) 118 121 2433 239a 234 a Ob OA,3 601 B,b 668b GE2) 904 ** !043 1019 977 ]009 1009 2477a I 1887a,b 1776b ME2) 579 648 612 640 555 1576 486 1409 1395 HP/GE, % 51.5 54.5 56.4 54.2 50.0 36.6a 47.3b 46.3 a ,b TEB/GE, % 	 4.6 3.6 10.3 7.S 103 5.4 28.9 28.4 303 Milk/GE, 	 15.9 17. I IS.S 17.6 VFA HI, % 38.4 36.5 39.6 37.6 35.1 	 70.8 67.1 67.6 VFA TEB, % 58.7 57.8 54.0 55.9 64.8 	 33.6 30.9 36.4 Milk Yield, kg/d 	 18.85 16.29 161 14.79 Fat, % 	 3.66 3.55 3.97 378 Protein, % 	 3.41 3.50 3.53 3.31 differ (P<O.05) 2-way : Means in the same row within differ (P<O.05) by latin \) Rumina! protozoa and plasma value for measurements on 2 (6 2) Units: Least square means of all treatments in each BO (effect In the dry cows, no significant differences treatments were noted in partition. Although HP in the He diet was 	 compared with the total energy balance ME intake minus 111 diet was To energetics of the VFA the increment of HP and TEB from 173 Council I VFA (VFA HI and VFA were calculaled subtracting the estimated HP or TEB due to BO intake from HP or TEB. HP and TEB from BO were estimated from the values of HP and TEB as well as GE at BOIOO and B0150. There were no differences in VFA HI and TEB between BO and among VFA treatments. values of VFA HI were than the value of acetate determined for cattle fed a concentrate diet et aI., I VFA TEB in A 7P2 was higher than in A2P7 and A45. The mean of both BO was 58% which is similar to the 55% observed in steers et aI., However, a different tendency for VFA TEB between the BO was observed. VFA increased with an increase in the acetic acid infused when the hay diet was as while it increase in the of propionic acid when HC diet was as BO. The utilization of the VF A mixtures was tested for cows and for TEB on ME intake. The equations were as cows TEB<O TEB>O HC diet TEB = Oj7~ ME intake· 264. J TEB = 0.5~9 ME intake - 228.4 BO: diet TEB 0.5~5 ME intake 286.5 TEB = 0.444 ME intake 190.8 All data TEB =0.619 ME intake - ~99.2 TEB>O TEB 0.720 ME intake· 428.2 All data including dry and cows: TEB 0.639 ME intake 309.9 The of utilization of VFA in the cows was 0.572 when was HC die!. whilst it was (TEB<O) and was the hay diet. From the above results, it is concluded that the utilization of VFA upon the type ofdiet In efficiency of conversion of ME to TEB was 0.72 which was higher than cows. MEm calculated from the equation fitted to the values of cows was 595kJ/kgO.75 . This value higher than 556kJ/kgO.75 which is value of NRC ( 989). A estimate from all values was 1994). The of milk was calculated according to 485kJ/kaO.75 and D The value of is almost identical to the average value (0.691) in goalS (Armstrong and Blaxter, 1965). However, the true efficiency might be slightly lower than 0.696 because the value of MEm (595kJ/kgO.75) used in this analysis seems to be high. An efficiency of 0.664 was obtained the MEm value of NRC (1989), which seems to be probable. Secretariat 1994. Tokyo. Metabolism", K.L. Blaxter 1972.J. 1757­NRC, 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (6th Update 1989), National Academy Washington,O.c. 0rskov, E.R., D.A. Grubb, l.S. Smith, A.J.F. Webster. W. 1979. Sf. 1. Nut£., 41 541-551. N.A. MacLeod, Y. Nakashima, 1991 J. Anim. Sci.. 3389-3397. 1988. SAS/STAT User's guide, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA. Hart, S.V. Morant, E. Schuller, A.D. Simmonds, 1988. Br. 1. 60, Tyrrell, H.F., PJ. P.W. Moe, 1979.1. Anim. Sci., 48, 598-606. 174 of foHows: is similar to 487kJ/kgO.75 and as MEm obtained from the present 

EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY UTILIZATION OF VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS BY MATURE CATILE GIVEN A HAY OR HIGH-CONCENTRATE DIET

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EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY UTILIZATION OF VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS BY MATURE CATILE GIVEN A HAY OR HIGH-CONCENTRATE DIET

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