Development of the digital chart in Belarus: results and situations in international ratings

В Республике Беларусь процессы цифровизации динамично развиваются. Положительную динамику им придают системные меры государственного регулирования как на уровне главы государства, так и отдельных органов государственного управления. Закономерным итогом совместной работы является стабильно высокие позиции Беларуси в мировых рейтингах. В настоящей статье рассматривается современное состояние и подходы к развитию цифровизации в Беларуси. Анализируются ключевые нормативные правовые акты в этой сфере, а также место Республики Беларусь в основных мировых рейтингах.This article examines the current state and approaches to the development of digitalization in Belarus. The key regulatory legal acts in this area are analyzed, as well as the place of the Republic of Belarus in the main world rankings. In the Republic of Belarus digitalization processes are developing dynamically. Systemic measures of state regulation both at the level of the Head of State and individual government bodies give them a positive dynamic. The natural result of the joint work is the consistently high position of Belarus in the world rankings

Spatial and Energy Distribution of Muons in Gamma-induced Air Showers

The FLUKA Monte Carlo program is used to calculate the effects of hadroproduction by primary gamma rays incident upon the earth's atmosphere; for the results presented in this paper, only primary angles at 0 degrees from zenith are considered. The FLUKA code is believed to be quite accurate in reproducing experimental photon hadroproduction data in the 1 GeV to 10 TeV energy range studied. The charged pions which are so produced can decay to muons with sufficient energy to reach ground level. The number of these muons and their radial and energy distribution are studied for incident gamma ray energies from 1 GeV to 10 TeV. The number of these muons is not negligible; they can, in certain circumstances, be used to study potential sources of gamma rays like gamma ray bursts. It is found, for example, that a 10 TeV incident primary gamma ray produces, on average, 3.4 muons which reach ground level; the gamma ray energy which produces the maximum number of muons at ground level depends on the spectral index of the primary gamma spectrum, a constant which describes how the primary gamma flux rises with decreasing primary energy. An example: for a differential spectral index of 2.7, there is a broad maximum number of muons coming from ~ 30 GeV primary gamma ray energy.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Updated and expanded version of 26th ICRC vol 2, 127 (1999); HE.3.2.2

Theoretical Study of the Structural, Energetic, and Electronic Properties of 55-Atom Metal Nanoclusters: A DFT Investigation within van der Waals Corrections, Spin–Orbit Coupling, and PBE+<i>U</i> of 42 Metal Systems

An atom-level ab initio understanding of the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of nanoclusters with diameter size from 1 to 2 nm figures as a prerequisite to foster their potential technological applications. However, because of several challenges such as the identification of ground-state structures by experimental and theoretical techniques, our understanding is still far from satisfactory, and further studies are required. We report a systematic ab initio investigation of the 55-atom metal nanoclusters, (<i>M</i>₅₅), including alkaline, transitional, and post-transitional metals, that is, a total of 42 systems. Our calculations are based on all-electron density functional theory within the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional combined with van der Waals (vdW) correction, spin–orbit coupling (SOC) for the valence states. Furthermore, we also investigated the role of the localization of the d states by using the PBE+<i>U</i> functional. We found a strong preference for the putative PBE global-minimum configurations for the compact Mackay icosahedron structure, namely, 16 systems (Na, Mg, K, Sc, Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Rb, Y, Ag, Cs, Lu, Hf, Re, Hg), while several systems adopt alternative compact structures such as 6 polytetrahedron (Ca, Mn, Fe, Sr, Ba, Tl) and 10 structures derived from crystalline face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) fragments (Cr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ta, W, Os). However, the 10 remaining systems adopt less compact structures based on the distorted reduced-core structure (V, Zn, Zr, Cd, In, Pt, Au), tetrahedral-like (Al, Ga), and one HCP wheel-type (Ir) structure. The binding energy shows a quasi-parabolic behavior as a function of the atomic number, and hence the occupation of the bonding and antibonding states defines the main trends (binding energy, equilibrium bond lengths, etc.). On average, the binding energy of the <i>M</i>₅₅ systems represents 79% of the cohesive energy of the respective bulk systems. The addition of the vdW correction changes the putative global-minimum configurations (pGMCs) for selected cases, in particular, for post-transitional metal systems. As expected, the PBE+<i>U</i> functional increases the total magnetic moment, which can be explained by the increased localization of the d states, which also contributed to increase the number of atoms in the core region (increase coordination) of the pGMCs. In contrast with the effects induced by the vdW correction and localization of the d states, the addition of the SOC coupling cannot change the lowest energy configurations, but it affects the electronic properties, as expected from previous calculations for 13-atom clusters

Nuclear modification factor for charged pions and protons at forward rapidity in central Au plus Au collisions at 200 GeV

We present spectra of charged pions and protons in 0–10% central Au + Au collisions at View the MathML sourcesNN=200 GeV at mid-rapidity (y=0y=0) and forward pseudorapidity (η=2.2η=2.2) measured with the BRAHMS experiment at RHIC. The spectra are compared to spectra from p+pp+p collisions at the same energy scaled by the number of binary collisions. The resulting nuclear modification factors for central Au + Au collisions at both y=0y=0 and η=2.2η=2.2 exhibit suppression for charged pions but not for (anti-) protons at intermediate pTpT. The View the MathML sourcep¯/π− ratios have been measured up to pT∼3 GeV/cpT∼3 GeV/c at the two rapidities and the results indicate that a significant fraction of the charged hadrons produced at intermediate pTpT range are (anti-) protons at both mid-rapidity and η=2.2η=2.2

Catching up with wonderful women: The women-are-wonderful effect is smaller in more gender egalitarian societies

© 2017 International Union of Psychological Science.Inequalities between men and women are common and well-documented. Objective indexes show that men are better positioned than women in societal hierarchies-there is no single country in the world without a gender gap. In contrast, researchers have found that the women-are-wonderful effect-that women are evaluated more positively than men overall-is also common. Cross-cultural studies on gender equality reveal that the more gender egalitarian the society is, the less prevalent explicit gender stereotypes are. Yet, because self-reported gender stereotypes may differ from implicit attitudes towards each gender, we reanalysed data collected across 44 cultures, and (a) confirmed that societal gender egalitarianism reduces the women-are-wonderful effect when it is measured more implicitly (i.e. rating the personality of men and women presented in images) and (b) documented that the social perception of men benefits more from gender egalitarianism than that of women