International print and digital repositories initiatives in the United States: CRL, Portico, LOCKSS, Internet Archive : 6th scientific symposium Frankfurt - 6. wissenschaftliches Symposium Frankfurt ; October 5 - 7, 2006

This panel will explore the broad horizon of print and digital repository efforts underway in the United States

Incidents and sanctioning of illegal and dangerous ruck cleanouts during the 2015 to 2019 under 18 Craven Week Rugby Tournament

Thesis (M Sport Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2021.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rugby union is one of the most popular team sports worldwide, but because of its physical nature it has a very high injury risk. The high injury risk is a concern for rugby stakeholders, coaches, referees, players and parents. The increased frequency of exposure to rucks and associated injury risk raises serious concerns regarding player safety. Research on ruck cleanouts are limited, with no research performed on ruck cleanouts at elite school level. To date the current study was the first to investigate legal and illegal (both not dangerous and dangerous) ruck cleanouts in order assess player and referee behaviour at elite school level. This thesis followed an article format where two articles were compiled. Article one’s aim was to investigate player behaviour by looking at the incident rates for legal and illegal ruck cleanouts, whereas article two aimed to investigate the sanctioning and non-sanctioning rates of illegal ruck cleanouts. Research article one investigated a total of 35 545 cleanouts of which 91.8 % were legal and 8.16% were illegal. Of the illegal cleanouts 7.5% were regarded not dangerous and 0.6% were dangerous. The majority of illegal not dangerous ruck cleanouts were “not supporting own body weight” (f=2 498; 93%; p=0.01), and illegal dangerous were the “neck roll ” (f=147; 100.0%; p=0.02). The attacking team (f=147; 64.0%, p=0.02) was responsible for more illegal ruck cleanouts when compared to the defending team (f=352; 3.6%). The importance plot of the Classification and Regression Tree Model indicated that the cleaner techniques (1.0) and year (0.3) were the best predictors to classify the ruck cleanout outcomes. When analysing ruck cleanout techniques executed by the attacking and defending teams, the attacking team’s “ clearing and protecting” techniques were significant (p=0.04) for illegal ruck cleanouts both dangerous and not dangerous when compare to other cleanout techniques. When investigating the defending team, the “jackal” executed significant (p≤0.0) more legal cleanouts when compared to the other defending ruck cleanout activities. A big concern highlighted by the current study was that player behaviour worsened during the 2018 and 2019 rugby seasons because of an increase in illegal not dangerous ruck cleanouts from 7 to 21% was found. Player behaviour needs to be addressed, emphasised and improved through correct and effective technique drills during training. The risk of injury during the ruck can be reduced through the implementation of safe and effective techniques by coaches during training. Majority of the sanctioned and not sanctioned ruck cleanouts all took place in Zone B and Channel 3 on the field. Research article two investigated the sanctioning rate by on-field referees and revealed that 5.0% (f=139) of all illegal (not dangerous and dangerous) ruck cleanouts were sanctioned compared to 95.0% (f=2 765) that were not sanctioned. This study revealed a significant increase (p=0.03) from 2015 to 2016 and a significant decrease (p=0.02) from 2016 to 2017 for sanctioned illegal ruck cleanouts. This is compared to a significant decrease (p=0.03) from 2016 to 2017 and a significant increase (p=0.04) from 2017 to 2018 in illegal not sanctioned ruck cleanouts. The attacking teams made more infringements but were sanctioned less than the defending team. The attacking teams were responsible for 2 362 illegal cleanouts where 1.0% (f=314) were sanctioned and 80.0% (f=2 323) were not sanctioned compared to the defending team that made 314 illegal cleanouts where 3.0% (f=89) were sanctioned and 8.0% (f=225) were not sanctioned by the on-field referee. When investigating player activity at ruck cleanouts, “ clearing and protecting” was sanctioned significantly (p=0.04) more compared to other attacking techniques and the same was evident for non-sanctioning (p=0.03). With defending player activity, the “jackal” was significantly sanctioned (p=0.03) and not sanctioned (p=0.04) compared to other defending activities. The illegal cleanout technique most used was “not supporting own bodyweight ” for the illegal not dangerous cleanouts, where 96.7% (2 416 out of 2 513) were not sanctioned and 3.3% (82 out of 2 513) were sanctioned. This is compared to the illegal dangerous technique, “neck roll”, where 95.2% (140 out of 147) were not sanctioned and 4.8% (7 out of 147) were sanctioned by on-field referees. On-field referees need to be stricter and abide by the Laws of The Game in order to prevent dangerous and foul play. The results found in this study can be used to guide further research around this topic, injury prevention programmes, technique training by focusing on the techniques that cause the majority of illegal not dangerous and illegal dangerous cleanouts, improve referee decision making, modify laws around the ruck cleanout and help players and referees improve their behaviour on the field. Players need to abide by the laws of the game and referees need to be stricter with the enforcement of the laws because this will make the game safer for all involved and lead to an improvement in player behaviour, and therefore, result in a decrease injury risk.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Rugby unie is een van die mees populêre spansporte wereldwyd, maar as gevolg van die fisieke aard van die spel het dit ’n baie hoe beseringsrisiko. Hierdie hoe beseringsrisiko wek rede tot kommer vir rugby deelhebbers, afrigters, skeidsregters, spelers en ouers. Die toenemende blootstelling aan losskrums en die daarmee gepaardgaande beseringsrisiko hou groot kommer in vir die veiligheid van spelers. Oor die algemeen is navorsing oor die skoonmaak van losskrums beperk, met geen navorsing wat op elite skoolvlak gedoen is. Tot op datum was die huidige studie die eerste navorsing wat die wettige en onwettige (beide nie gevaarlik en gevaarlik) skoonmaak van die losskrum ondersoek het in ’n poging om speler en skeidsregter gedrag op elite skoolvlak te bepaal. Die tesis, wat in artikel formaat saamgestel is, bevat twee artikels. Die doel van artikel een was om speler gedrag te ondersoek deur te fokus op frekwensie voorvalle vir die wettige en onwettige skoonmaak van losskrums, terwyl artikel twee die bekragtiging en nie-bekragtiging frekwensie voorvalle van die onwettige skoonmaak van losskrums ondersoek het. Navorsingartikel een het die skoonmaak van 35 545 losskrums ondersoek, waarvan 91.8 % wettig en 8.2% onwettig was. 7.5% van die onwettige skoonmaak prosesse was beskou as nie gevaarlik en 0.64% was gevaarlik. Die oorgrote meerderheid van die onwettige nie gevaarlike skoonmaak prosesse by losskrums was “ondersteun nie eie liggaamsgewig” (f=2 498; 93% ; p=0.01) en onwettig gevaarlik was die “nek rol” (f=147; 100%; p=0.02). Die aanvallende span (f=147; 64%; p=0.02) was verantwoordelik vir meer onwettige losskrum skoonmaak prosesse in vergelyking met die verdedigende span (f=352; 3.6%). Die “Classification and Regression Tree Model” het aangedui dat die skoonmaak tegniek (1.0) en jaar (0.3) was die beste voorspellers om die losskrum skoonmaak uitkomste te bepaal. ’n Analise van die losskrum skoonmaak tegnieke van die aanvallende en verdedigende spanne het getoon dat die aanvallende span se “skoonmaak en beskerm” tegnieke tydens die spel betekenisvol was (p=0.04) vir onwettige losskrum skoonmaak aktiwiteite, beide gevaarlik en nie gevaarlik, in vergelyking met ander skoonmaak tegnieke. Met die ondersoek gerig op die verdedigende span, het die “jackal” betekenisvol meer (p≤0.00) wettige skoonmaak prosesse uitgevoer in vergelyking met die ander verdedigende losskrum skoonmaak aktiwiteite. Wat groot kommer wek is dat die studie bevind het dat speler gedrag tydens die 2018 en 2019 rugby seisoene versleg het in die sin dat daar ’n toename van 7 to 21% in onwettige nie gevaarlike skoonmaak aktiwiteite was. Die gedrag van spelers moet deur korrekte en effektiewe tegnieke gedurende inoefeningsessies aangespreek en beklemtoon word en besluitneming moet verbeter word. Die risiko van beserings tydens die losskrum kan verminder word deur die implementering van veilige en effektiewe tegnieke deur afrigters tydens inoefening. Die meeste gesanksioneerde en nie gesanksioneerde losskrum skoonmaak aktiwiteite het almal in Sone B and Kanaal 3 op die veld plaasgevind. Navorsingartikel twee het die sanksioneringstempo van op-die- veld skeidsregters ondersoek en gevind dat 5.0% (f=139) van alle onwettige (nie gevaarlik en gevaarlik) losskrum skoonmaak aktiwiteite gesanksioneer was in vergelyking met 95.0% (f=2 765) wat nie gesanksioneer was nie. Die huidige studie het ’n betekenisvolle toename (p=0.03) from 2015 tot 2016 gevind en ’n betekenisvolle afname (p=0.02) vanaf 2016 tot 2017 vir gesanksioneerde onwettige losskrum skoonmaak aktiwiteite. Dit is in vergelyking met ’n betekenisvolle afname (p=0.03) van 2016 tot 2017 en ’n betekenisvolle toename (p=0.04) vanaf 2017 tot 2018 in onwettige nie gesanksioneerde losskrum skoonmaak aktiwiteite. Die aanvallende spanne het meer oortredings begaan, maar is minder gestraf as die verdedigende span. Die aanvallende span was verantwoordelik vir 2 362 onwettige skoonmaak aktiwiteite waarvan 1.0% (f=314) gesanksioneer was en 80.0% (f=2 323) nie gesanksioneer was in vergelyking met die verdedigende span wat 314 onwettige skoonmaak aktiwiteite uitgevoer het waarvan 3.0% (f=89) gesanksioneer was en 8.0% (f=225) nie deur deur die op-die-veld skeidsregter gesanksioneer was nie. Met die ondersoek van speler tegnieke by losskrums, “ clearing and protecting” was betekenisvol meer gesanksioneer (p=0.04) in vergelyking met ander aanvallende aktiwiteite en dieselfde neiging was meer vergelykbaar aan ander aanvallende tegnieke en dieselfde was voor-die- handliggend vir nie gesanksioneerde aktiwiteite (p=0.03). Met verdedigende speler aktiwiteite was die “jackal ” betekenisvol gesanksioneer (p=0.03) en nie gesanksioneer (p=0.04) in vergelyking met ander verdedigende aktiwiteite. Die onwettige skoonmaak tegniek wat die meeste gebruik is, was “not supporting ow n bodyweight” vir die onwettige nie gevaarlike skoonmaak tegnieke waartydens 96.7% (2 416 uit of 2 513) nie gesanksioneer was nie. Dit is in vergelyking met die onwettige gevaarlike tegnieke, “neck roll”, waar 95.2% (140 uit 147) nie gesanksioneer was nie en 4.8% (7 uit 147) deur op-die-veld skeidsregters gesanksioneer was. Op-die-veld skeidsregters moet strenger wees met die toepassing van die Reels van die Spel om sodoende gevaarlike en ongewensde spel te voorkom. Die resultate wat deur die studie voortgebring is kan gebruik word om om toekomstige navorsing aangaande die resulate van die huidige onderwerp te stimuleer soos byvoorbeeld, besering voorkomende programme, tegniek inoefening met die fokus op tegnieke wat die meeste onwettige nie gevaarlike en wettig gevaarlike skoonmaak tegnieke insluit, fokus op die tegnieke wat die meeste van die onwettige nie gevaarlike en onwettige gevaarlike losskrum skoonmaak aktiwiteite, verbeter skeidsregter besluitneming, pas reëls aan rondom die losskrum skoonmaak aan en help spelers en skeidsregters om hulle gedrag op die veld te verbeter. Spelers moet die reëls van die spel gehoorsaam en skeidsregter moet strenger wees met die toepassing van die reëls aangesien dit die spel veiliger sal maak vir almal betrokke en aanleiding sal gee tot ‘n verbetering in speler gedrag en daarom sal lei tot ’n afname in die risiko van beserings.Master

"The Three Hermits": Study of an opera by Stephen H. Paulus.

Stephen Harrison Paulus is one of today's leading American composers. A versatile and prolific composer of many genres, Paulus finds himself equally at home with works ranging from orchestral music to art songs. His current catalogue contains over two hundred works. Stephen Paulus' ability to create imaginative and beautiful vocal lines has contributed to his reputation as a leading composer of opera as well. His operatic works are in great demand. Paulus has written eight operas, most of which were commissioned by the Opera Theater of St. Louis. Paulus' latest opera, Heloise and Abelard, was premiered in April, 2002 at the Juilliard Opera Center, which commissioned the work.The Three Hermits is a one-act opera based on a short folk story by Leo Tolstoy and tells the story of a bishop who receives a lesson in humility when faced with three truly holy men on a remote island. Recent performances of The Three Hermits in Salt Lake City and the wide-ranging success of its final chorus, "Pilgrims' Hymn, " make this work especially noteworthy. This operatic work is discussed with regard to choice of text and musical characteristics. An interview with the librettist reveals vital information pertaining to the original concept of the project and The Three Hermits' transition from short story to dramatic setting. An interview was conducted with the composer to gain insight into how he perceives the project of composing opera and what processes are followed in its completion

Comparison between transperineal ultrasound and digital dectection of levator ani trauma : can we improve the odds?

Aims To investigate the predictive ability of four digital assessment parameters to detect levator ani (LA) muscle defects (avulsion injury) and compare these to transperineal tomographic ultrasound images. Methods This was an observational study imbedded in a larger quasi-experimental cohort study for women with urinary incontinence. Seventy-two women, ≥60 years who had attended or were going to attend physiotherapy for treatment of urinary incontinence, were included in the study. Inclusion criteria from the parent study were symptoms of stress, urge or both types of urinary incontinence. The predictive ability of the following digital parameters: direct palpation of a discontinuity of the LA muscle from insertion on the pubic ramus; palpation of the distance between the muscle insertion sites; palpation of LA strength; palpation of LA tone, were analyzed against findings from tomographic transperineal ultrasound images. Correlation between methods was measured using Cohen's kappa for each of the individual parameters. Results Seventeen women (24%) presented with a complete or partial avulsion of the puborectalis muscle as diagnosed with tomographic ultrasound imaging. Nine women (13%) had complete avulsions, one of which was bilateral. The predictive ability of the digital assessment parameters varied from poor (k = 0.187, 95% CI [0.02–0.36]) to moderate (k = 0.569, 95% CI [0.31–0.83]). The new parameter of ‘width between insertion sites’ performed best. Conclusions Adding the parameter of “width between insertion sites” appears to enhance our ability to detect avulsion of the levator ani (LA) muscle by digital examination however it does not distinguish between unilateral or bilateral avulsion

Nutrient dynamics and ties to environmental conditions and drivers in central Puget Sound

Real-time and near-continuous in-situ measurements can provide new insights into variability and patterns of a marine system that would otherwise be undetected by sampling at a lower temporal resolution. King County has a comprehensive long-term marine water quality monitoring program in the Central Basin of Puget Sound that currently includes: bi-monthly water column vertical profiles, discrete sampling, near-surface real-time moored sensors, and new quantitative phytoplankton and zooplankton components. These data can assist with identifying changes and linkages in biogeochemical and ecological processes as well as changes in climate patterns. Recently, new moored and profiling optical nitrate sensors were added to existing monitoring systems to better understand nutrient dynamics. The mooring provides data at 15-minute intervals and the profiling sensor provides data throughout the water column at multiple sites. Nitrate data from 2016-17 are explored and tied to diurnal and seasonal patterns in physical conditions and phytoplankton dynamics. Our data show that variations in nitrate are tightly coupled to in-situ chlorophyll observations. During the phytoplankton growing season, near-surface nitrate may vary up to one order of magnitude in a short time period, such as from 0.03 to 0.32 mg/L in a day. Interannual differences are largely influenced by changes in river flow and oceanic inputs, weather, and climate. These data are framed in historical context of the long-term status and trends in nutrients from discrete sampling over the past two decades. By increasing our understanding of changes and drivers in nutrient patterns, these types of data records can help to inform models and management decisions, and better apply effective remediation targets for Puget Sound marine water quality

Agitation predicts response of depression to botulinum toxin treatment in a randomized controlled trial

In a randomized, controlled trial (n = 30), we showed that botulinum toxin injection to the glabellar region produces a marked improvement in the symptoms of major depression. We hypothesized that the mood-lifting effect was mediated by facial feedback mechanisms. Here we assessed if agitation, which may be associated with increased dynamic psychomotor activity of the facial musculature, can predict response to the treatment. To test this hypothesis, we re-analyzed the data of the scales from our previous study on a single item basis and compared the baseline scores in the agitation item (item 9) of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) between responders (n = 9) and participants who did not attain response (n = 6) among the recipients of onabotulinumtoxinA (n = 15). Responders had significantly higher item 9 scores at baseline [1.56 + 0.88 vs. 0.33 + 0.52, t (13) = 3.04, d = 1.7, p = 0.01], while no other single item of the HAM-D or the Beck Depression Inventory was associated with treatment response. The agitation score had an overall precision of 78% in predicting response in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (area under the curve, AUC = 0.87). These data provide a link between response to botulinum toxin treatment with a psychomotor manifestation of depression and thereby indirect support of the proposed facial feedback mechanism of action. Moreover, it suggests that patients with agitated depression may particularly benefit from botulinum toxin treatment

Quantitative descriptive sensory analysis of five different cultivars of sweet potato to determine sensory and textural profiles

A trained sensory panel was used to establish terminology for describing the sensory attributes of different cultivars orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) and white-fleshed sweet potato (WFSP). Quantitative descriptive analysis was applied to evaluate the samples in terms of the aroma, texture, flavor and aftertaste attributes. Thirteen attributes were identified. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify any factors differentiating between the sweet potato cultivars. The findings indicated that the main differences were, in PC1, the flavor and density and adhesive textural characteristics, and, in PC2, the grainy and firm textural characteristics of the different cultivars. OFSP displayed a more dense and pasty texture, which was most intense in the Resisto cultivar. W119 had a more grainy texture when compared with the other cultivars tested. WFSPwas more moist and fibrous. Therefore, OFSPdiffered in color, was sweeter and displayed flavor characteristics of yellow vegetables (such as butternut and pumpkin) when compared with WFSP.http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0887-825

Legal and illegal ruck cleanouts in South African non-professional youth rugby

CITATION: Kruger, S. et al. 2022. Legal and illegal ruck cleanouts in South African non-professional youth rugby. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 1-9. doi:10.1177/17479541221122439.The original publication is available at https://journals.sagepub.com/home/spoThe ruck area is responsible for the second-highest number of rugby union injuries, therefor it is necessary to investigate and understand the ruck better for improved player safety. The study aimed to investigate and compare incidents of legal and illegal ruck cleanouts in non-professional youth rugby. Using Nacpsort Scout Plus software, 118 South African Rugby Union under 18 Youth Week tournament matches were coded between 2015 and 2019. In total, 35 545 ruck cleanouts were coded, of which 32 641 (91.8%) were legal and 2 904 (8.2%) were illegal. Of the 2 904 illegal cleanouts, 2 676 (92.2%) were deemed ‘not dangerous’ and 228 (7.8%) were considered ‘dangerous’. The ‘dangerous’ ruck cleanouts represented 0.6% of the total ruck cleanouts. Of the most common illegal ruck cleanouts, “not supporting own body weight” were mostly ‘not dangerous’ (2 498; 99.4%, p=0.01); and all “neck rolls” were considered ‘dangerous’ (147; 100.0%, p=0.02). The findings of the study suggest player behaviour can still be improved, with regular participation in regular safe and effective technique training drills. The risk of injury during the ruck can further be influenced positively by coaches, through regular coaching and training of safe and effective ruck techniques.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17479541221122439Post-print versio

MOTIVAÇÕES E EXPECTATIVAS DAS IDOSAS COM O CURSO “AGENTES SOCIAIS DE LAZER”

Com o objetivo de incentivar a participação das pessoas idosas como sujeitos das ações desenvolvidas no projeto foi desenvolvido o curso “agentes sociais de lazer”. Para investigar sobre a motivação para participar do curso e a expectativa em ser agente social foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 8 alunas do curso. Da análise do conteúdo das entrevistas emergiram 3 categorias: a aprendizagem como motivação, o protagonismo das alunas nas ações do projeto e o significado do ser agente social. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as pessoas idosas querem continuar aprendendo, querem participar, querem aplicar o conhecimento, querem ser reconhecidas como úteis e capazes. A vontade de aprender serviu como motivação para participarem do curso e a atuação como agente social está proporcionando a participação ativa na sociedade. palavras-chaveAgente Social. Lazer. Idosas. Motivações. Expectativas. abstract In order to encourage the participation of older people as subjects of the actions developed in the project we developed the course “social agents of leisure”. In order to investigate the motivation to attend the course and expectations on being a social agent, semi-structured interviews were conducted involving eight students of the course. From the analysis of the interviews emerged three categories: learning as motivation, the role of students in the project’s actions and the meaning of being a social agent. The results suggest that older people want to keep learning, want to participate, they want to apply their knowledge, and they want to be recognized as useful and capable. The willingness to learn has served as motivation to attend the course and acting as the agent is providing social participation in society. Keywords Social Agent. Leisure. Elderly. Motivation. Expectations