Symmetrical social relation as a factor in conservation tasks

According to Siegal’s hypothesis, despite having concrete operational abilities some children are not successful in conservation tasks. Social factors, such as repetition of question asked by an adult experimenter alter the manifestation of existing cognitive abilities. This study varied the following aspects of conservation tasks: symmetrical vs. asymmetrical power relation. The children in the study were asked to solve three different conservation tasks (quantity of continued material, length, and number). Each task was repeated twice; once with an adult experimenter and once with a child experimenter. Results show that children’s responses were affected by social factors only in a certain tasks. In other tasks children’s responses remained unaffected in both situations. This suggests that there exists an interaction between the experimenter and the task, and that the affect of social factor is mediated by a particular characteristic of the task. Results indicate that the modifying factor is the task difficulty

Uticaj hidroksiapatita na apeksogenezu u majmuna - klinička studija

Management of the affected pulp in teeth with incomplete root formation is still an issue. Calcium hydroxide and other materials have been employed for this purpose to a greater or lesser success. Bioceramic materials are in the last decades well established in a number of different medical fields. Having its constituents the same as those of the unorganic portion of bone tissue, hydroxiapatite (HAP), one of the two forms of calcium-phosphate ceramics, is already accepted in endodontic treatment of teeth with completed root formation. The aim of this study was to examine apexogenesis in teeth with immature roots, following the use of HAP on their affected pulp. Examination was performed on eight young monkeys (Cercopithecus Aethiops) with incomplete root development. The 100 μm synthetic HAP material was applied on 32 teeth divided into two groups of 16 teeth each. In one group teeth underwent pulpotomy, in the other high pulpotomy. Evaluation of root growth was recorded from radiographs (pre-treatment, 3 and 12 months following treatment) and by Demjrian's scale for dental maturity and tooth age determination. On the basis of radiographic analysis, immature teeth with affected pulp treated with HAP, both with pulpotomy and high pulpotomy, reached the same stage of root development as control teeth in 50% of cases at 3-months radiographic assessment. After 12 months all tested teeth had the same rate of root development as control teeth, except for 1 of 8 with high pulpotomy. Dentinal bridge was radiographically visible in 50% and 87.5% of pulpotomized teeth after 3 and 12 months, respectively. Neither obliteration of the root canal, presence of denticles nor the presence of deformities in the periapical region were found in any of the observed teeth.Lečenja aficirane pulpe zuba sa nezavršenim rastom korena je još uvek predmet stručnih i naučnih rasprava, između ostalog i zbog neželjenih efekata tradicionalnih preparata na bazi kalcijum hidroksida. Biokeramički materijali se već nekoliko decenija primenjuju u različitim granama medicine, a hidroksiapatit, kao jedna od dve forme kalcijum-fosfatne keramike, ima gotovo istovetan sastav kao neorganski deo kosti, pa je već prihvaćen u endodontskom lečenju zuba sa završ enim rastom korena. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita uticaj hidroksiapatita na apeksogenezu u zuba sa nezavršenim rastom korena i aficiranom pulpom. Ispitivanjem je bilo obuhvaćeno na osam mladih majmuna Cercopithecus Aethiops sa nezavršenim rastom korena zuba. Sintetički hidroksiapatit, veličine čestica od 100 μm je primenjen na trideset dva zuba, podeljenih u dve jednake grupe kod kojih je všena apulpotomija, odnosno visoka pulpotomija. Rendgenološ ka evaluacija rasta korena zuba je vršena pre terapije, kao i tri i dvanaest mesici posle primene HAP, a na osnovu Demjrianove skale za određivanje zrelosti zuba. Na osnovu rendgenološke analize posle 3 meseca je nađeno da je brzina razvoja korena kako pulpotomisanih, tako i visoko pulpotomisanih zuba kod kojih je primenjen HAP bila u 50% slučajeva ista kao kod kontrolnih zuba. Posle 12 meseci stepen razvoja korena zuba je u svih ispitivanih zuba (osim kod jednog od osam zuba sa izvršenom visokom pulpotomijom) bio isti kao u kontrolnih zuba. Dentinski most je bio vidljiv radiološkom analizom u 50% odnosno 87,5% eksperimentalnih zuba posle 3, odnosno posle 12 meseci. Ni u jednom pregledanom zubu rendgenološki nije uočena obliteracija kanala korena, kao ni dentikli ni deformiteti u periapeksnom predelu

Effects of combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and sleep deprivation in the treatment of major depression

Cilj rada. Cilj ovog rada je procena efekata kombinovane primene repetitivne transkranijalne magnetne stimulacije (rTMS) niske frekvencije (1 Hz) i parcijalne deprivacije spavanja (PDS) kod osoba obolelih od major depresije, koje prethodno pokazuju nezadovoljavajući odgovor na dva različita antidepresiva (ispunjavaju kriterijume terapijske rezistencije). Uporedo sa dugoročnim praćenjem (do 6 meseci) efekata ovog tretmana, analiziran je i genetički BDNF Val66Met polimorfizam, kao mogući perimisivni faktor plasticiteta odgovoran za predikciju efikasnosti primenjenih terapijskih strategija. Ispitanici i metode. Ukupno 20 osoba obolelih od major depresije, koje su ispunjavale kriterijume terapijske rezistencije tretirano je na navedeni način kombinacijom rTMS i PDS, uporedo sa njihovom prethodnom medikamentoznom terapijom. Kombinovani protokol rTMS i PDS sprovodio se tokom dve uzastopne nedelje, i za to vreme su ispitanici svakog dana, izuzev pauze za vikend dobijali stimulaciju rTMS (frekvencija 1 Hz, intenzitet 110% praga izazivanja motornog odgovora) primenjivanu iznad desnog dorzolateralnog prefrontalnog korteksa (DLPFK), u jutarnjim časovima. U svakoj nedelji po jednom, opisanoj rTMS, prethodila je redukcija noćnog spavanja uz buđenje u pola 2. Ispitanici su randomski podeljeni u grupu koja je primala rTMS+PDS i grupu koja je primala placebo (sham) rTMS stimulaciju + PDS. Procene efekta vršene su standardnim instrumentima kliničke procene (modifikovana Hamiltonova skala za procenu depresivnosti - HDRS-24; Montgomery-Asberg skala za procenu depresivnosti - MADRS, i skala opšteg kliničkog utiska), i to: pre početka primene protokola, neposredno po završetku, jednu nedelju kasnije, tri i šest meseci kasnije (dugoročna praćenja sprovedena su isključivo kod ispitanika koji su bili podvrgnuti aktivnom tretmanu). Rezultati. Primenjeni protokol stimulacije pokazao je antidepresivni efekat, kod osoba obolelih od unipolarne depresije na nepromenjenoj dozi antidepresivnih lekova koji se održavao tokom čitavog šestomesečnog perioda praćenja. Neposredno nakon 2 nedelje protokola ispitanici koji su primali aktivni rTMS imali su prosečno poboljšanje od 39%...Objectives. The main aim of this study was to evaluate potential synergistic antidepressant effect of two therapies: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied at 1 Hz associated with partial sleep deprivation (PSD) in patients with treatment resistant major depression. Besides the long- term (during the next 6 months) evaluation of effecacy of this treatment, potential predictive role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met genetic polymorphism in rTMS treatment response was analysed, as a factor of neuronal plasticity, also involved in patogenesis of major depression Subjects and methods Twenty patients with diagnoses of treatment resistant major depression, at fixed doses of antidepressants, were treated with combination of rTMS and PSD. rTMS was applied during two consecutive weeks (5 days/week) with frequency of 1Hz, at 110% intensity of resting motor threshold, over the right dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), in the morrning hours. Partial sleep deprivation was applied once during every week, as late partial sleep deprivation (patients were woke up at 01.30 a.m.). Patients were randomly assigned to receive rTMS+PSD, or sham+PSD. Clinical evaluation was done using the following rating scales: the modified Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS-24), Montgomery-Asberg rating scale (MADRS ) and Clinical global impression scale (CGI-S), at baseline, after 2 weeks of treatment and one week after treatment, as well as long-term follow-up (only patients treated with active rTMS). Results. Study results suggest clinically relevant response, lasted up to 6 months in patients with unipolar major depression at fixed doses of antidepressants. After 2 weeks of treatment, patients treated with active rTMS had the average improvement of 39% score reduction on HDRS..

Application of carbon cryogels doped with nitrogen and sulfur for removal of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals in the water purification process

У овој докторској дисертацији синтетисани су N-допирани и N, S кодопирани угљенични криогелови и испитана је њихова примена као адсорбената у процесу уклањања одабраних тешких метала (Zn, Cd, Hg) и фармацеутика (карбамазепин, напроксен, диазепам и диклофенак) из водених раствора. Резултати структурне и површинске анализе су показали да је: уградњом азота/азота-сумпора сачувана турбостратична структура угљеничног криогела, дошло до значајног повећања специфичне површине и промене у површинској хемији за допиране/кодопиране узорке. У циљу испитивања адсорпционих перформанси и оптимизације процеса урађена је серија адсорпционих експеримената. Резултати су показали да најбоље адсорпционе перформансе показују допирани/кодопирани узорци са највећом вредности специфичне површине и величином пора. Њихови адсорпциони капацитети, добијени применом Ленгмирове изотерме, су већи за уклањање и тешких метала и фармацеутика у односу на немодификовани узорак криогела. Експериментима десорпције и регенерације потврђена је задовољавајућа способност регенерације након четвртог циклуса адсорпције − десорпције и тешких метала и фармацеутика. Резултати теста на узорку речне воде са стандардним додатком смеше раствора тешких метала и фармацеутика су показали већу ефикасност адсорпције за одабране допиране/кодопиране узорке са највећом вредношћу специфичне површине и до 20-30% у односу на немодификовани криогел. Такође је запажено да присуство интерференци, јона метала, катјона, анјона, нема значајног утицаја на ефикасност адсорпције. Приказани резултати у овој докторској дисертацији показују да се допирањем/кодопирањем угљеничног криогела добијају материјали, који су се успешно могу применити као адсорбенти у процесима пречишћавања вода.In this doctoral dissertation, N-doped and N, S co-doped carbon cryogels were synthesized, and their application as adsorbents in the removal process of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Hg) and pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, naproxen, diazepam and diclofenac) from aqueous solutions was studied. The results of structural and surface analysis showed that incorporation of nitrogen/nitrogen-sulfur preserved the turbostratic structure of the carbon cryogel, but a significant increase of the specific surface area as well as change of surface chemistry for the doped/co-doped samples were observed. In order to investigate the adsorption performance and process optimization, a series of adsorption experiments were performed. The best adsorption performances were obtained for the doped/co-doped samples with the highest specific surface area values and pores dimension. The adsorption capacities of these samples regarding the removal of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals, obtained using the Langmuir isotherm, were higher compared to the pristine carbon cryogel. Desorption and regeneration experiments confirmed the satisfactory regeneration ability after the fourth adsorption- desorption cycle of selected heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. Test results for a river water samples with a standard addition of a heavy metals and pharmaceuticals mixtures showed a higher adsorption efficiency up to 20-30% for the selected doped/co-doped samples with the highest values of the specific surface area compared to the pristine carbon cryogel. It was also noticed that the presence of interferences of metal ions, cations and anions has no significant effect on the adsorption efficiency. The results presented in this doctoral dissertation show that by carbon cryogel doping/co-doping it is possible to obtain carbon materials which can be successfully used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment processes

Ispitivanje efekata različitih elektroterapijskih procedura u tretmanu ankilozirajućeg spondilitisa kod pasa

This paper presents the results of studies on the effects of suppression of chronic pain by currents with low (TENS), medium (Intf) and high (MT) frequencies, in dogs with ankylosing spondilytis. Prior to imaging diagnostics the dogs were clinically observed, trias was estimated, as well as habitus, neurological signs and degree of pain. After a 10 day treatment it was clear that all three treatments resulted in a significant decrease of pain at rest, during activity or during palpation. TENS currents have shown the highest degree of effect. All treated animals have shown improved motility after a few months of therapy. Despite the fact that all animals had an improved clinical picture none of the applied currents resulted in a complete loss of limping. Dogs treated with Intf currents displayed a decrease in muscular atrophy. Motility of the coxofemoural joint was most evident in the group treated with microwaves.U radu su prikazana ispitivanja supresije hroničnog bola pod uticajem struja niske (TENS), srednje (Intf) i visoke (MT) frekvence, kod pasa sa ankilozirajućim spondilitisom. Psi su pre rendgenskog snimanja opservirani, urađena im je procena trijasa, habitusa, a zatim neurološki pregled i određivanje stepena bola. Nakon desetodnevnog tretmana, uočeno je da su sva tri postupka dovela do visoko značajnog smanjenja bola u toku mirovanja ili aktivnosti i pri palpaciji, pri čemu su se isticale TENS struje u odnosu na Intf struje i mikrotalase. Kod tretiranih jedinki je zapažena izraženija motorna aktivnost, a nekoliko meseci od početka lečenja, uz određene kineziterapijske vežbe, psi su bili sa bitno redukovanim simptomima oboljenja. Iako je u svakoj grupi ispitivanih jedinki došlo do poboljš anja stanja, ni jedan terapijski postupak nije doveo do potpunog gubitka hromosti. Jedino je u grupi pacijenata tretiranih sa Intf strujama, došlo do značajnog smanjenja stepena mišićne atrofije, a pokretljivost koksofemoralnih zglobova je bila najizraženija kod pacijenata tretiranih mikrotalasima

Errata Corrige: Stress-Induced Phosphorylation of C-Jun-N-Terminal Kinases and Nuclear Translocation of Hsp70 in the Wistar Rat Hippocampus (Vol 61, Pg 1, 2009)

In the paper entitled: Adžić, M., Đorđević, A., Krstić-Demonacos, M., & Radojčić, M. B. (2009). Stress-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinases and nuclear translocation of Hsp70 in the Wistar rat hippocampus. Archives of Biological Sciences, 61(1), 1-8. Fig. 1, on page 4, section b, should read "Nucleus" instead of "Cytoplasm

A stochastic model of Min oscillations in Escherichia coli and Min protein segregation during cell division

The Min system in Escherichia coli directs division to the centre of the cell through pole-to-pole oscillations of the MinCDE proteins. We present a one dimensional stochastic model of these oscillations which incorporates membrane polymerisation of MinD into linear chains. This model reproduces much of the observed phenomenology of the Min system, including pole-to-pole oscillations of the Min proteins. We then apply this model to investigate the Min system during cell division. Oscillations continue initially unaffected by the closing septum, before cutting off rapidly. The fractions of Min proteins in the daughter cells vary widely, from 50%-50% up to 85%-15% of the total from the parent cell, suggesting that there may be another mechanism for regulating these levels in vivo.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures (25 figure files); published at http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/physbi

MINERALNI SASTAV ZELENE MASE I SIJENA PODRUČJA DIVČIBARA

The quality and some minerals contents were followed in the green mass and hay from different localities on Divčibare. Samples were taken from three different altitudes, up to 250 m, from 250 m to 550 m and over 550 m above sea level. Twelve samples of early bloom plants were taken (four samples of green mass from the same altitude), and after mowing, samples of hay were also taken from the same meadow. The samples were prepared from ashes by use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) macro- and microelements content was determined, while the phosphorus content was determined by application of standard methods. Average calcium content in the plants valued 5.85 g/kg, phosphorus 2.41 g/kg, magnesium 2.47 g/kg, sodium 0.93 g/kg and potassium 10.35 g/kg in dry substance. In the samples of hay, macro elements content was 6.65, 1.56, 1.54, 0.78 and 10.76 g/kg respectively. Average iron content in the samples of plants from Divčibare region amounted to 171.87 mg/kg, copper 5.12 mg/kg, zinc 21.67 mg/kg, manganese 63.97 mg/kg and selenium 17.17 μg/kg in dry substance. The average amount of iron 92.47 mg/kg, 4.75 mg/kg copper, 19.65 mg/kg zinc, 113.29 mg/kg manganese and 26.00 μg/kg selenium were found in the hay from the same localities.Vrsta i sadržaj nekih minerala praćen je u zelenoj masi i sijenu s različitih lokacija na Divčibarama. Uzorci su uzimani s različitih nadmorskih visina: do 250 m, od 250 do 550 m i iznad 550 m. Uzeti su uzorci dvanaest rano procvalih biljaka (po četiri uzorka zelene mase s jedne nadmorske visine), a nakon košnje uzorci sijena su uzeti s iste livade. Uzorci su pripremljeni iz pepela korištenjem metode atomske spektrofotometrijske absorpcije (ASA), dok je sadržaj fosfora utvrđen primjenom standardnih metoda. Prosječan sadržaj kalcija u zelenoj masi iznosio je 5.85 g/kg, fosfora 2.41 g/kg, magnezija 2.47 g/kg, natrija 0.93 g/kg i kalija 10.35 g/kg suhe tvari. Odnosni iznosi makro elemenata u uzorcima sijena iznosili su: 6.65, 1.56, 1.54, 0.78 i 10.76 g/kg. Prosječan sadržaj željeza u uzorcima zelene mase s područja Divčibara iznosio je: 171.87 mg/kg, bakra 5.12 mg/kg, cinka 21.67 mg/kg, mangana 63.97 mg/kg i selena 17.17 μg/kg suhe tvari. Prosječan sadržaj tih elemenata u uzorcima sijena s istog područja iznosio je za željezo 92.47 mg/kg, bakar 4.75 mg/kg, cink 19.65 mg/kg, mangan 113.29 mg/kg, te selen 26.00 μg /kg

Homeostatic Modulation of Stimulation-Dependent Plasticity in Human Motor Cortex

Since recently, it is possible, using noninvasive cortical stimulation, such as the protocol of paired associative stimulation (PAS), to induce the plastic changes in the motor cortex, in humans that mimic Hebb's model of learning. Application of TMS conjugated with peripheral electrical stimulation at strictly coherent temporal manner lead to convergence of inputs in the sensory-motor cortex, with the consequent synaptic potentiation or weakening, if applied repetitively. However, when optimal interstimulus interval (ISI) for induction of LTP-like effects is applied as a single pair, Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude inhibition is observed, the paradigm known as short-latency afferent inhibition (SLAI). Aiming to resolve this paradox, PAS protocols were applied, with 200 repetitions of TMS pulses paired with median nerve electrical stimulation, at ISI equal to individual latencies of evoked response of somatosensory cortex (N-20) (PASLTP), and at ISI of N-20 shortened for 5 msec (PASLTD) protocols that mimic LTP-like changes in the human motor cortex. MEP amplitudes before, during and after interventions were measured as an indicator based on output signals originating from the motor system. Post-intervention MEP amplitudes following the TMS protocols of PASLTP and PASLTD were facilitated and depressed, respectively, contrary to MEP amplitudes during intervention. During PASLTP MEP amplitudes were significantly decreased in case of PASLTP, while in the case of PASLTD an upward trend was observed. In conclusions, a possible explanation for the seemingly paradoxical effect of PAS can be found in the mechanism of homeostatic modulation of plasticity. Those findings indicate the existence of complex relationships in the development of plasticity induced by stimulation, depending on the level of the previous motor cortex excitability

Памћење живи кроз комуникацију : Представљен зборник докумената "Извештаји и наредбе Недићеве Владе народног спаса за Округ пожаревачки 1941-1942. година"

Поводом обележавања Дана Историјског архива Пожаревац и 75 година од победе над фашизмом, у свечаној сали Скупштине града Пожаревца представљен је Зборник докумената ИАП и Војног архива Министарства одбране Републике Србије „Извештаји и наредбе Недићеве „Владе народног спаса“ за Округ пожаревачки 1941 – 1942. година“ – том 1, приређивача др Јасмине Николић и др Маријане Мраовић.Приказ публикације: Извештаји и наредбе Недићеве "Владе народног спаса" за Округ пожаревачки, 1941-1942. године : [зборник докумената]. Том 1, приредиле Јасмина Николић и Маријана Мраовић ; аутори предговора Јасмина Николић, Горан Петровић, Маријана Мраовић. - Пожаревац : Историјски архив ; Београд : Војни архив, 2018 (Смедерево : Newpress). - 269 стр. : илустр. ; 25 cm. - (Зборници докумената / [Историјски архив Пожаревац] ; зборник 4) ISBN 978-86-84969-89-