The Adderall Epidemic: Linking Illicit Adderall Use to Mental Distress on College Campuses

Adderall is widely misused on college campuses; however, students are not aware of its impact on mental health. A survey of 596 northeastern college students revealed misusing Adderall significantly correlated with higher levels of mental distress such as anxiety and depression. Risk factors include Greek life affiliation, age, and GPA

Entrepreneurship and embeddedness : process, context and theoretical foundations

Author's accepted version (postprint).This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Entrepreneurship & Regional Development on 31/03/2022.Available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08985626.2022.2055152In this article, we introduce the special issue on entrepreneurship and embeddedness. We do so by providing a brief overview of existing research on the topic focused on three important conversations related to process, context and theoretical foundations. The overview highlights essential contributions from extant research and suggests that expansion and advancement in the research conversation can be accomplished by focusing on dynamic and multilayered conceptualizations of embeddedness and by broadening the theoretical foundations of our research. We also present and position the papers in the special issue within the conversations on process, context and theoretical foundations in entrepreneurship research on embeddedness.acceptedVersionpublishedVersio

Potential Negative Cyclical Effects of ADHD Medication, Mental Health, and Academic Performance

In the past decade, the misuse of non-prescription ADHD medication among college students for the goal of achieving academic success has seen a marked increase. In order to determine if there is a relationship between study drugs, mental health, and GPA, an anonymous survey was distributed asking participants questions regarding demographics, prescribed and non-prescribed Adderall use, its effects, and perceptions. A total of 879 college-aged students from several US colleges completed the survey. Using Pearson\u27s Correlation Coefficient, there was a positive correlation between using non-prescribed Adderall use and a decrease in GPA, as well as a negative impact on mental health. The survey also showed that those who have a lower GPA exhibited several mental health symptoms, suggesting that there could be a vicious cycle at hand: non-prescribed study drugs, low GPA, and negative impact on mental health all act reciprocally, inexorably worsening the effects of the drug. Our results may indicate a lack of knowledge among non-prescribed users about the effects of Adderall, demonstrating a need for education outreach and alternative study methods. Data was collected from a multiple-choice survey and analyzed using SPSS, Version 25.0.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_spring2020/1041/thumbnail.jp

Potential Connection Between ADHD Medication Misuse and Risk-Taking Behaviors

ADHD medications (such as Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse) are frequently misused on college campuses to enhance academic performance. Many students are unaware of the adverse effects of the drug. Research shows that ADHD medication misuse is associated with Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) dysfunction, and may lead to impaired decision making abilities. This may lead to riskier decision making by ADHD stimulant-dependent college students. Higher risk taking behaviors are associated with comorbid illicit substance use (such as cocaine, marijuana, prescription painkillers). This study seeks to assess whether ADHD medication misuse correlates with risk-taking behaviors. An anonymous survey including questions on frequency of ADHD, alcohol and illicit drug use was completed by 863 college students. Data was analyzed using Pearson\u27s Correlation Coefficient in SPSS Version 25.0. Results revealed significant positive correlations between alcohol, cocaine and/or marijuana use and once a day, once a month, and once a year ADHD medication use. There were also positive correlations depicted between cocaine and recreational prescription painkiller use and not being dissuaded by any information against taking ADHD medications - including evidence for negative physiological effects, real life stories about ADHD medication use, or even negative personal effects experienced. These behaviors suggest potential PFC dysfunction in college students illicitly using ADHD medications.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_spring2020/1073/thumbnail.jp

Laboratory Experiments on the Interaction of a Fast Plasma Stream with Unmagnetized Bodies

QC 2012041

Some Comments on the Information Stored in Sparse Distributed Memory

An unknown number T of random data vectors have been stored in a sparse distributed memory with randomly chosen hard locations. A method is given to estimate T. The estimate is unbiased, and the coefficient of variation is roughly inversely proportional to the square root of MU, where M is the number of hard locations in the memory and U the length of data

Best Probability of Activation and Performance Comparisons for Several Designs of Sparse Distributed Memory

The optimal probability of activation and the corresponding performance is studied for three designs of Sparse Distributed Memory, namely, Kanerva's original design, Jaeckel's selected-coordinates design and Karlsson's modification of Jaeckel's design. We will assume that the hard locations (in Karlsson's case, the masks), the storage addresses and the stored data are randomly chosen, and we will consider different levels of random noise in the reading address