The Nordic back pain subpopulation program: predicting outcome among chiropractic patients in Finland

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In a previous Swedish study it was shown that it is possible to predict which chiropractic patients with persistent LBP will not report definite improvement early in the course of treatment, namely those with LBP for altogether at least 30 days in the past year, who had leg pain, and who did not report definite general improvement by the second treatment. The objectives of this study were to investigate if the predictive value of this set of variables could be reproduced among chiropractic patients in Finland, and if the model could be improved by adding some new potential predictor variables.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was a multi-centre prospective outcome study with internal control groups, carried out in private chiropractic practices in Finland. Chiropractors collected data at the 1st, 2^ndand 4^thvisits using standardized questionnaires on new patients with LBP and/or radiating leg pain. Status at base-line was identified in relation to pain and disability, at the 2^ndvisit in relation to disability, and "definitely better" at the 4^thvisit in relation to a global assessment. The Swedish questionnaire was used including three new questions on general health, pain in other parts of the spine, and body mass index.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The Swedish model was reproduced in this study sample. An alternative model including leg pain (yes/no), improvement at 2^ndvisit (yes/no) and BMI (underweight/normal/overweight or obese) was also identified with similar predictive values. Common throughout the testing of various models was that improvement at the 2^ndvisit had an odds ratio of approximately 5. Additional analyses revealed a dose-response in that 84% of those patients who fulfilled none of these (bad) criteria were classified as "definitely better" at the 4^thvisit, vs. 75%, 60% and 34% of those who fulfilled 1, 2 or all 3 of the criteria, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>When treating patients with LBP, at the first visits, the treatment strategy should be different for overweight/obese patients with leg pain as it should be for all patients who fail to improve by the 2^ndvisit. The number of predictors is also important.</p

”Violent women and male sexism?” : A content analysis of gender representation in contemporary hiphop musicvideos

Den här uppsatsen har som fokus att undersöka genusframställning inom nutidahiphopmusikvideor. De frågor som undersökningen ställer behandlar framförallt hurframställningen ser ut på både en översiktlig men även mer djupgående nivå inom kategoriernasexism, våld, dominans och nedstämdhet. Undersökningens teoretiska ramverk grundar sig istudier om semiotik, genusforskning, teorier om samhälleliga föreställningar samtmeningsskapande inom visuella medier. Undersökningen tar även upp flertalet tidigareundersökningar inom området i jämförande syften. Motiveringen till undersökningen grundadesfrämst i de tidigare studier som gjorts kring effektpåverkan av både visuella medier i allmänhetmen även utav enbart musikvideor. Dessa undersökningar har visat att det finns vissa kopplingartill hur vi tänker och tar emot information och hur detta sedan påverkar vårat handlande. Ävenmer konkret forskning kring musikvideor har visat hur objektifierande material i musikvideor kanha möjlighet att påverka hur vi tänker attitydsmässigt om frågor rörande sexism.Undersökningen utgår ifrån en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Den kvantitativainnehållsanalysen utfördes först där 89 musikvideor analyserades i det totala. Urvalet baserades påde mest populära låtarna inom rap-genren sett från januari 2011 till maj 2013 enligtmusikmagasinet Billboards topplistor. Resultatet av den här undersökningen visade en avsevärdskillnad gällande objektifiering av män kontra kvinnor. Kvinnor var här de som var övervägandemer objektifierade i sin framställning och fick ett högre resultat i alla de variabler som behandladesexism. Män blev istället de som framställdes i alltmer dominanta positioner och hade ett mycketmer självsäkert kroppsspråk och beteende. Sett till våld var det i princip helt obefintligt iframställningen av kvinnorna medan det var aningen mer förekommande hos mannen även omsiffran rent generellt var låg. Variabeln som behandlade nedstämdhet gav det mest jämlikaresultatet i jämförelse mellan könen och framställdes överlag väldigt sällan.I den kvalitativa studien valdes fem låtar ut som fick representera det generella resultatet i denkvantitiva undersökningen för en mer djupgående analys i hur framställningen var uppbyggd. Detförsta som gick att utläsa av resultatet var att hiphop idag är en väldigt mansdominerad genre.Endast ett fåtal procent av musikvideorna var representerade utav enbart kvinnliga artister.Resultatet visade även här att det fanns stora kontraster mellan hur män och kvinnor framställdesbåde sett till beteendet men även i hur man använde kameran för att skapa framställningen.Männen visades här i ett alltmer seriöst beteende med ett mer distinkt och handfast kroppsspråksom uttryckte självsäkerhet. De befann sig även alltmer i roller med ett aktivt handlande. Sett tillkvinnorna så befann sig dessa allt oftare i mer passiva och dekorativa roller där mycket fokus låg ifrämst närbilder på kroppsdelar som anspelade på det biologiska könet.Slutresultatet visade att även om objektifieringen minskat överlag i genren, sett till jämförelsermed tidigare undersökningar, så är det fortfarande ett vanligt förekommande element och varäven det som visade sig mest förekommande i den här undersökningen. Våldsinslag hade minskati jämförelse med tidigare undersökningar men det var fortfarande nästan enbart associerat med manligt beteende.This paper has as its focus to examine gender production in contemporary hiphop music videos.The questions that the study sets treats especially how the production looks at both a general butalso more profound level in the categories of sexism, violence, domination and sadness. Thetheoretical framework is based on studies of semiotics, gender studies, social concepts andcreating of meaning in visual media. The study also takes up several of earlier studies in the fieldof use in comparative purposes. The motivation for the study was based primarily in the earlierstudies done on effects research of both visual media in general, but also of music videos. Thesestudies have shown that there are some links to how we think and receive information and howthis then affects our actions. Even more concrete research on music videos have shown howobjectifying material in music videos may be able to influence how we think in terms of attitudeon issues of sexism.The survey is based on a quantitative and a qualitative content analysis. The quantitative contentanalysis was first performed in which 89 music videos were analyzed in total. The selection wasbased on the most popular songs in the rap genre seen from January 2011 to May 2013 by musicmagazine Billboard’s charts. The first thing that could be seen from the results was that hip-hoptoday is a very male-dominated genre. Only a few percent of the music videos were representedout only female artists. The results also showed a significant difference in the objectification ofmen versus women. Women were considered more objectified in this specific research and got ahigher result in all the variables involving sexism. Men became more produced in increasinglydominant positions and had a much more assertive body language and behaviour. In terms ofviolence, it was almost completely absent in the behaviour of women while it was slightly moreprevalent in men, although the representation overall was low. The variable that treated sadnessgave the most equitable outcome in comparison between the sexes but were rarely shown overall.In the qualitative study, five songs were as representative of the overall outcome in thequantitative study. The purpose of the study was to get a more in-depth analysis of how therepresentational behaviour was structured. The results showed that there were significantcontrasts between the way men and women were represented both in terms of behavior, but alsoin how the camera was used to create the representation. The men were shown here in anincreasingly serious behavior with a more distinct and robust body language expressingconfidence and were also shown more in active roles. Women were often in more passive anddecorative roles where much focus was in close ups where body parts that insinuated at thebiological sex was primarily represented.The final result showed that although objectification is an overall reduction in the genre in termsof comparisons with previous studies, it is still a common element and was also what was mostprevalent in this study. Violent behaviour had decreased significantly compared with previoussurveys but it was still almost exclusively associated with male behavior

Sushi domain-containing protein 4 binds to epithelial growth factor receptor and initiates autophagy in an EGFR phosphorylation independent manner

Abstract Background Sushi domain-containing protein 4 (SUSD4) is a recently discovered protein with unknown cellular functions. We previously revealed that SUSD4 can act as complement inhibitor and as a potential tumor suppressor. Methods In a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer, tumors expressing SUSD4 had a smaller volume compared with the corresponding mock control tumors. Additionally, data from three different expression databases and online analysis tools confirm that for breast cancer patients, high mRNA expression of SUSD4 in the tumor tissue correlates with a better prognosis. In vitro experiments utilized triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (BT-20 and MDA-MB-468) stably expressing SUSD4. Moreover, we established a cell line based on BT-20 in which the gene for EGFR was knocked out with the CRISPR-Cas9 method. Results We discovered that the Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) interacts with SUSD4. Furthermore, triple-negative breast cancer cell lines stably expressing SUSD4 had higher autophagic flux. The initiation of autophagy required the expression of EGFR but not phosphorylation of the receptor. Expression of SUSD4 in the breast cancer cells led to activation of the tumor suppressor LKB1 and consequently to the activation of AMPKα1. Finally, autophagy was initiated after stimulation of the ULK1, Atg14 and Beclin-1 axis in SUSD4 expressing cells. Conclusions In this study we provide novel insight into the molecular mechanism of action whereby SUSD4 acts as an EGFR inhibitor without affecting the phosphorylation of the receptor and may potentially influence the recycling of EGFR to the plasma membrane

Chiropractic &amp; Osteopathy BioMed Central

The Nordic back pain subpopulation program: predicting outcome among chiropractic patients in Finlan

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure during pregnancy and child anthropometry from birth to 10 years of age : Sex-specific evidence from a cohort study in rural Bangladesh

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have endocrine disrupting properties and they cross the placental barrier, but studies on gestational exposure and child anthropometry are inconclusive. We aimed to elucidate the impact of early gestational PAH exposure on anthropometry from birth to 10 years of age in 1295 mother-child pairs from a nested sub-cohort of the MINIMat trial in Bangladesh. Several PAH metabolites [1- hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OH-Phe), E2-,3-hydroxyphenanthrene (E2-,3-OH-Phe), 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4- OH-Phe), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Pyr), E2-,3-hydroxyfluorene (E2-,3-OH-Flu)] were quantified in spot urine collected around gestational week 8 using LC-MS/MS. Child weight and height were measured at 19 occasions from birth to 10 years. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to assess associations of maternal PAH metabolites (log2-transformed) with child anthropometry. The median concentration of 1-OH-Phe, E2-,3- OH-Phe, 4-OH-Phe, 1-OH-Pyr and E2-,3-OH-Flu was 1.5, 1.9, 0.14, 2.5, and 2.0 ng/mL, respectively. All maternal urinary PAH metabolites were positively associated with newborn weight and length and all associations were more pronounced in boys than in girls (p interaction for all &lt;0.14). In boys, the strongest associations were observed with E2-,3-OH-Phe and E2-,3-OH-Flu for which each doubling increased mean birth weight by 41 g (95% CI: 13; 69 and 12; 70) and length by 0.23 cm (0.075; 0.39) and 0.21 cm (0.045; 0.37), respectively. Maternal urinary PAH metabolites were not associated with child anthropometry at 10 years. In longitudinal analysis, however, maternal urinary PAH metabolites were positively associated with boys' weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) from birth to 10 years, but only the association of 4-OH-Phe with HAZ was significant (B: 0.080 Z-scores; 95% CI 0.013, 0.15). No associations were observed with girls' WAZ or HAZ. In conclusion, gestational PAH exposure was positively associated with fetal and early childhood growth, especially in boys. Further studies are needed to confirm causality and to explore long-term health effects

Genetic variation at RAB3GAP2 and its role in exercise-related adaptation and recovery

Skeletal muscle fiber composition and capillary density influence physical performance and whole-body metabolic properties. ~45% of the variance in fiber type is heritable, which motivated us to perform a genome-wide association study of skeletal muscle histology from 656 Swedish men. Four independent variants were associated (

The Dalton quantum chemistry program system

Dalton is a powerful general-purpose program system for the study of molecular electronic structure at the Hartree–Fock, Kohn–Sham, multiconfigurational self-consistent-field, Møller–Plesset, configuration-interaction, and coupled-cluster levels of theory. Apart from the total energy, a wide variety of molecular properties may be calculated using these electronic-structure models. Molecular gradients and Hessians are available for geometry optimizations, molecular dynamics, and vibrational studies, whereas magnetic resonance and optical activity can be studied in a gauge-origin-invariant manner. Frequency-dependent molecular properties can be calculated using linear, quadratic, and cubic response theory. A large number of singlet and triplet perturbation operators are available for the study of one-, two-, and three-photon processes. Environmental effects may be included using various dielectric-medium and quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics models. Large molecules may be studied using linear-scaling and massively parallel algorithms. Dalton is distributed at no cost from http://www.daltonprogram.org for a number of UNIX platforms