Identification of RAPD Marker Linked to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) causes yield loss up to 80 % and is becoming problematic in French bean growing areas. Molecular marker linked selection to MYMV resistance is helpful in rapid identification of genotypes carrying resistant genes. Hence, the present study was undertaken to identify the RAPD marker associated with MYMV resistance in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify RAPD marker linked to MYMV resistance. More than 140 random decamers were surveyed for identification of polymorphic markers between the DNA bulks of resistant and susceptible F2 individuals and their contrasting parents. Ninety eight per cent of these primers amplified DNA in both parents and bulks. Twenty two primers produced specific bands for resistant parent which was absent in the susceptible parent. Out of 22 primers, four primers produced specific fragments viz., OPG 13458, OPX 5670, OPW 17380 and OPP 07730, respectively in resistant parent and bulk, which were absent in susceptible parent and bulk. Amplification of individual DNA samples of segregating F2 resistant individuals using putative marker, OPP 07730, a decamer revealed polymorphism in all four resistant and four susceptible F2 segregants, indicating that the marker OPP 07730 was associated with MYMV resistance in IC-525260, a resistant genotype

Optical detection of a GMRT-detected candidate high-redshift radio galaxy with 3.6-m Devasthal optical telescope

Large scale structure and cosmolog

The clinical relevance of oliguria in the critically ill patient : Analysis of a large observational database

Funding Information: Marc Leone reports receiving consulting fees from Amomed and Aguettant; lecture fees from MSD, Pfizer, Octapharma, 3 M, Aspen, Orion; travel support from LFB; and grant support from PHRC IR and his institution. JLV is the Editor-in-Chief of Critical Care. The other authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Urine output is widely used as one of the criteria for the diagnosis and staging of acute renal failure, but few studies have specifically assessed the role of oliguria as a marker of acute renal failure or outcomes in general intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Using a large multinational database, we therefore evaluated the occurrence of oliguria (defined as a urine output 16 years) patients in the ICON audit who had a urine output measurement on the day of admission were included. To investigate the association between oliguria and mortality, we used a multilevel analysis. Results: Of the 8292 patients included, 2050 (24.7%) were oliguric during the first 24 h of admission. Patients with oliguria on admission who had at least one additional 24-h urine output recorded during their ICU stay (n = 1349) were divided into three groups: transient - oliguria resolved within 48 h after the admission day (n = 390 [28.9%]), prolonged - oliguria resolved > 48 h after the admission day (n = 141 [10.5%]), and permanent - oliguria persisting for the whole ICU stay or again present at the end of the ICU stay (n = 818 [60.6%]). ICU and hospital mortality rates were higher in patients with oliguria than in those without, except for patients with transient oliguria who had significantly lower mortality rates than non-oliguric patients. In multilevel analysis, the need for RRT was associated with a significantly higher risk of death (OR = 1.51 [95% CI 1.19-1.91], p = 0.001), but the presence of oliguria on admission was not (OR = 1.14 [95% CI 0.97-1.34], p = 0.103). Conclusions: Oliguria is common in ICU patients and may have a relatively benign nature if only transient. The duration of oliguria and need for RRT are associated with worse outcome.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Novel stereospecific synthesis of (-) (2s, 3s)-1-dimethylamino-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl pentan-3-ol

The present invention relates to a novel stereospecific synthesis of (−)(2S,3S)-1-dimethylamino-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl pentan-3-ol an intermediate in the synthesis of 3-[(1R,2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl]pheno

Identification of mixed infection caused by Badnavirus and CMV in Jasmine (<em>Jasminum multiflorum</em> Roth)

437-439The symptoms of chlorotic ring spots and irregular chlorotic patches were recently observed on leaves of landscape-grown jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum Roth) in southern parts of India. The causal agent was mechanically transmitted from symptomatic leaves of jasmine to Nicotiana glutinosa, Capsicum annum, Solanum lycopersicum, Cucurbita pepo and Cucumis sativus. Leaf dip preparations from virus-infected plants in electron microscopy revealed the presence of isometric particles similar to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and bacilliform virus particles of badnavirus. The virus reacted specifically with IgG for CMV and Banana streak virus (BSV) in direct antigen coating, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No reaction was observed with ilar-, poty- and tospo-viruses specific IgG. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with total RNA isolated from symptomatic jasmine leaves and infected N. tabacum 'Xanthi' using CMV coat protein (CMV CP) specific primers amplified the expected product. The association of badna virus with jasmine was confirmed by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of 560 bp amplicon corresponding to the reverse transcriptase and ribonuclease H coding region in open reading frame III. The sequence analysis revealed maximum identity to badna virus group Diascorea bacilliform virus (88.5% at nt level) and CMV group IB (96% at nt level). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV and badna mixed infection in jasmine in India

Not Available

Not AvailableThe symptoms of chlorotic ring spots and irregular chlorotic patches were recently observed on leaves of landscape-grown jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum Roth) in southern parts of India. The causal agent was mechanically transmitted from symptomatic leaves of jasmine to Nicotiana glutinosa, Capsicum annum, Solanum lycopersicum, Cucurbita pepo and Cucumis sativus. Leaf dip preparations from virus-infected plants in electron microscopy revealed the presence of isometric particles similar to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and bacilliform virus particles of badnavirus. The virus reacted specifically with IgG for CMV and Banana streak virus (BSV) in direct antigen coating, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No reaction was observed with ilar-, poty- and tospo-viruses specific IgG. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with total RNA isolated from symptomatic jasmine leaves and infected N. tabacum 'Xanthi' using CMV coat protein (CMV CP) specific primers amplified the expected product. The association of badna virus with jasmine was confirmed by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of 560 bp amplicon corresponding to the reverse transcriptase and ribonuclease H coding region in open reading frame III. The sequence analysis revealed maximum identity to badna virus group Diascorea bacilliform virus (88.5% at nt level) and CMV group IB (96% at nt level). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV and badna mixed infection in jasmine in India.Not Availabl

Capsicum chlorosis virus (Genus Tospovirus) Infecting Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum) in India

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important spice crops in India. In October of 2006, symptoms indicative of tospovirus infection were noticed in several commercial fields of chili pepper near Bangalore in Karnataka State. Chlorotic and necrotic spots and rings on leaves, apical necrosis, and leaf distortion were observed. Disease incidence was more than 20%. Mechanical inoculation with sap extracts from these symptomatic plants showed that the host range and symptomatology of the virus was similar to those described for Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) (1,3). The virus reacted with antisera specific to Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) and Watermelon silver mottle virus of serogroup IV tospoviruses in antigen-coated plate ELISA. It did not react with antisera specific to Tomato spotted wilt virus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus, or Iris yellow spot virus in double-antibody sandwich-ELISA. Immunosorbent electron microscopy of infected sap using GBNV antiserum revealed the presence of strongly decorated quasi-spherical virus particles. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was conducted to further identify the virus. No amplification was observed from extracts of symptomatic plants (n = 10) by RT-PCR using GBNV-specific primers (4), indicating that the diseased chili was not infected with GBNV. However, a DNA fragment of approximately 850 bp was amplified by using primers specific to the nucleocapsid (N) gene of CaCV (CaCF 5′-CTATAGAWGTACTAGGCTTTGAGC-3′ and CaCR 5′-CATGTCTAACGTCAGGCAACTTAC-3′). Direct sequencing of the amplicon (GenBank Accession No. EF625227) revealed a nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 85.5% with isolates from Thailand (GenBank Accession Nos. AY846366, AY647437, and AF134400) and China (GenBank Accession No. DQ355974) to 98.1% with isolates from Australia (GenBank Accession Nos. AY036057 and AY036058). Phylogenetic analysis of the N protein sequences showed that the chili pepper isolate from India formed a cluster with those from Australia. This cluster was distinct from the one formed by the peanut isolates from Thailand and a tomato isolate from India (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CaCV infection of chili pepper in India. The potential impact of CaCV on tomato and chili pepper production in India remains to be seen. References: (1) D. Knierim et al. Arch. Virol. 90:377, 2006. (2) S. Kunkalikar et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2007-1204-01-BR. Plant Health Progress, 2007. (3) L. A. Mc Michael et al. Aust. Plant Pathol. 31:231, 2002. (4) K. Umamaheswaran et al. Indian Phytopathol. 56:168, 2003

DNAbased marker systems and their utility in entomology

Morphological differences and similarities have been used to group and classify organisms, such as insects, into major taxonomic groups. However, discerning finer differences among strains, races and biotypes is usually difficult due to the influence of environment. Protein-based marking of individuals was used extensively before DNA-based markers were employed. Variation at the DNA level is remarkable, and the unit change is heritable in a simple manner. At present, many DNA-based marker systems are available to address specific questions, both in basic and applied entomological research, that can circumvent the limitations of conventional approaches to a large extent. DNA-based markers, being neutral to environmental influence and abundant, have helped understand genetics of complex traits in animal and plant systems. The present review primarily aims at familiarizing the DNA-based marker systems along with their utility. The techniques described include restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), microsatellites/simple sequence repeats (SSRs), expressed sequence tag (EST) based marker system, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other derived marker systems along with their genetic nature and relative comparison

CNX-012-570, a direct AMPK activator provides strong glycemic and lipid control along with significant reduction in body weight; studies from both diet-induced obese mice and db/db mice models

OBJECTIVES: AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates the coordination of anabolic and catabolic processes and is an attractive therapeutic target for T2DM, obesity and metabolic syndrome. We report the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of CNX-012-570 is an orally bioavailable small molecule (molecular weight of 530 Daltons) that directly activates AMPK in DIO and db/db animal models of diabetes. METHODS: Activity and efficacy of the compound was tested in cell based as well as cell free systems in vitro. Male C57BL/6 mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) were assigned to either vehicle or CNX-012-570 (3 mg/kg, orally once a day) for 8 weeks (n = 8). Genetically diabetic db/db mice on chow diet were dosed with vehicle control or CNX-012-570 (2.5 mg/kg, orally once a day) for 6 weeks (n = 8). RESULTS: CNX-012-570 is a highly potent and orally bioavailable compound activating AMPK in both cell and cell free systems. It inhibits lipolysis (33%) and gluconeogenesis (28%) in 3T3L1 cells and rat primary hepatocytes respectively. The efficacy of the molecule was translated to both DIO and db/db animal models of diabetes. CNX-012-570 has reduced fasting blood glucose levels by 14%, body weight by 24% and fasting serum triglycerides (TG) by 24%. CNX-012-570 showed a 22% reduction in fed serum cholesterol levels and 19% increase in HDL levels. In db/db mice model, CNX-012-570 has shown 18% decrease in fed glucose and 32% decrease in fasting glucose with a 2.57% reduction in absolute HbA1c. Decrease in serum insulin and glucose AUC indicates the increased insulin sensitivity. Body weight was reduced by 13% with increased browning of adipose tissue and decreased inguinal and mesenteric fat mass. There was significant reduction in liver TG and liver total cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: CNX-012-570 has the potential to control hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. It also reduces body weight gain with an additional benefit of minimizing cardiovascular risks in diabetics