Pembuatan Aplikasi Multimedia Pembelajaran Algorithm Design Pada Konsep Computational Thinking

Computational Thinking (CT) merupakan sebuah pendekatan dalam proses pembelajaran dan berperan penting dalam pengembangan aplikasi komputer serta dapat juga digunakan untuk pendukung pemecahan masalah disemua disiplin ilmu. Dalam CT terdapat 4 kemampuan dasar yang salah satunya adalah Algorihm Design. Algorithm Design adalah kemampuan untuk mengembangkan strategi langkah demi langkah untuk memecahkan masalah. Algorithma Design sering didasarkan pada dekomposisi masalah dan identifikasi pola yang membantu untuk memecahkan masalah. Dalam ilmu komputer serta dalam matematika, algorithma design sering ditulis secara abstrak, memanfaatkan variable di tempat nomor tertentu. Pengajaran Berbantukan Komputer atau disingkat dengan CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) merupakan pengembangan dari pada teknologi informasi terpadu yaitu komunikasi (interaktif), audio, video, penampilan citra yang dikemas dengan sebutan teknologi multimedia. Pembuatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodologi MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) yang mempunyai tahapan seperti concept, design, material collecting, assambly, testing, dan distribution. Tahapan concept dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi perkiraan kebutuhan. Tahapan design dilakukan untuk pembuatan desain visual tampilan interface, storyboard, dan struktur navigasi. Tahapan material collecting dilakukan untuk pengumpulan bahan seperti image, animasi, audio, dan video. Tahap assambly dilakukan untuk pembuatan ilustarasi, audio, dan video, serta pemrograman. Tahap testing dilakukan untuk memastikan apakah hasilnya seperti yang diinginkan atau tidak. Tahap distribution dilakukan untuk membuat master file, pedoman penggunaan aplikasi, serta dokumentasi sistem. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model media pembelajaran bagi siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) maupun bagi pengguna yang tertarik mendalami dunia pemrograman dan informatika. Media pembelajaran berbasiskan multimedia interaktif yang berlandaskan permasalahan yang merupakan pendekatan yang sangat efektif dan efisien untuk mengajarkan proses belajar yang dilakukan secara interaktif. Kata kunci : Computational Thinking, Algorithm Design, Computer Assisted Instruction, Multimedia Development Life Cycl

The Plasmodium berghei Ca(2+)/H(+) exchanger, PbCAX, is essential for tolerance to environmental Ca(2+) during sexual development.

Ca(2+) contributes to a myriad of important cellular processes in all organisms, including the apicomplexans, Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. Due to its varied and essential roles, free Ca(2+) is tightly regulated by complex mechanisms. These mechanisms are therefore of interest as putative drug targets. One pathway in Ca(2+) homeostatic control in apicomplexans uses a Ca(2+)/H(+) exchanger (a member of the cation exchanger family, CAX). The P. falciparum CAX (PfCAX) has recently been characterised in asexual blood stage parasites. To determine the physiological importance of apicomplexan CAXs, tagging and knock-out strategies were undertaken in the genetically tractable T. gondii and P. berghei parasites. In addition, a yeast heterologous expression system was used to study the function of apicomplexan CAXs. Tagging of T. gondii and P. berghei CAXs (TgCAX and PbCAX) under control of their endogenous promoters could not demonstrate measureable expression of either CAX in tachyzoites and asexual blood stages, respectively. These results were consistent with the ability of parasites to tolerate knock-outs of the genes for TgCAX and PbCAX at these developmental stages. In contrast, PbCAX expression was detectable during sexual stages of development in female gametocytes/gametes, zygotes and ookinetes, where it was dispersed in membranous networks within the cytosol (with minimal mitochondrial localisation). Furthermore, genetically disrupted parasites failed to develop further from "round" form zygotes, suggesting that PbCAX is essential for ookinete development and differentiation. This impeded phenotype could be rescued by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). Therefore, PbCAX provides a mechanism for free living parasites to multiply within the ionic microenvironment of the mosquito midgut. Ca(2+) homeostasis mediated by PbCAX is critical and suggests plasmodial CAXs may be targeted in approaches designed to block parasite transmission

ANALISIS PENERAPAN TEORI KEBUTUHAN MASLOW DALAM KARAKTER THE SIMS 3

Pada tugas akhir ini telah dilakukan sebuah analisis penerapan teori kebutuhan maslow pada karakter simulasi kehidupan (life simulator) yaitu The Sims 3.komponen pembangun simulasi ini terdiri dari sifat (traits) dari karakter the Sims ,pekerjaan ,skill, dan bagi mana untuk bertahan hidup sesuai karakter sims yang saya mainkan. Di dalam The sims 3 ini sebuah permaina life simulator diman kita bermain seperti kehidupan biasa di dunia nyata , didalam permainan ini sudah dilengkapi dalam segi pekerjaan, sekolah dll seperti kehidupan normal manusia .Traits ini dibagi menjadi 4 bagian yaitu, traits mental,social,dan lifestyle. Di the sims 3 ada 10 jenis pekerjaan. Sedangkan untuk skill terdiri dari 12 macam,dan untuk lifetime wish ada 36. Untuk menganalisis karakter untuk penerapan teory kebutuhan maslow pada the sims 3 player memilih untuk memeainkan game tersebut meliahat persamaan dengan yang di hirarki teori maslow. Analisis ini lebih rinci dalam segi explorasi dalam game karakter the sims 3 dan study literatur teori kehidupan maslow . Keyword: Game,Gameplay,The Sims 3,Teory Kehidupan Maslow

対流圏に見られる鉛直微細構造

We report the design, synthesis, detailed characterization, and analysis of a new multifunctional pi-conjugated bola-amphiphilic chromophore: oligo-(p-phenyleneethynylene)-dicarboxylic acid with dialkoxyoctadecyl side chains (OPE-C-18-1). OPE-C-18-1 shows two polymorphs at 123 K (OPE-C-18-1') and 373 K (OPE-C-18-1 `'), whose crystal structures were characterized via single crystal X-ray diffraction. OPE-C-18-1 also exhibits thermotropic liquid crystalline property revealing a columnar phase. The inherent pi-conjugation of OPE-C-18-1 imparts luminescence to the system. Photoluminescence measurements on the mesophase also reveal similar luminescence as in the crystalline state. Additionally, OPE-C-18-1 shows mechano-hypsochromic luminescence behavior. Density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations unravel the origins behind the simultaneous existence of all these properties. Nanoindentation experiments on the single crystal reveal its mechanical strength and accurately correlate the molecular arrangement with the liquid crystalline and mechanochromic luminescence behavior

Nursing brain drain from India

In response to recent findings regarding migration of health workers out of Africa, we provide data from a survey of Indian nurses suggesting that up to one fifth of the nursing labour force may be lost to wealthier countries through circular migration

Effunet-spagen: An efficient and spatial generative approach to glaucoma detection

Current research in automated disease detection focuses on making algorithms “slimmer” reducing the need for large training datasets and accelerating recalibration for new data while achieving high accuracy. The development of slimmer models has become a hot research topic in medical imaging. In this work, we develop a two-phase model for glaucoma detection, identifying and exploiting a redundancy in fundus image data relating particularly to the geometry. We propose a novel algorithm for the cup and disc segmentation “EffUnet” with an efficient convolution block and combine this with an extended spatial generative approach for geometry modelling and classification, termed “SpaGen” We demonstrate the high accuracy achievable by EffUnet in detecting the optic disc and cup boundaries and show how our algorithm can be quickly trained with new data by recalibrating the EffUnet layer only. Our resulting glaucoma detection algorithm, “EffUnet-SpaGen”, is optimized to significantly reduce the computational burden while at the same time surpassing the current state-of-art in glaucoma detection algorithms with AUROC 0.997 and 0.969 in the benchmark online datasets ORIGA and DRISHTI, respectively. Our algorithm also allows deformed areas of the optic rim to be displayed and investigated, providing explainability, which is crucial to successful adoption and implementation in clinical settings

Possible mechanisms of hypotension produced 70% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna (L.) in anaesthetized dogs

BACKGROUND: The bark of Terminalia arjuna L. (Combretaceae) is used in Ayurveda since ancient times for the treatment of cardiac disorders. Previous laboratory investigations have demonstrated the use of the bark in cardiovascular complications. The present study was aimed to find the effect of 70% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna on anaesthetized dog blood pressure and probable site of action. METHODS: Six dogs were anaesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of thiopental sodium and the blood pressure of each dog (n = 6) was measured from the left common carotid artery connected to a mercury manometer on kymograph. The femoral vein was cannulated for administration of drug solutions. The extract of T. arjuna (dissolved in propylene glycol) in the dose range of 5 to 15 mg/kg were administered intravenously in a pilot study and the dose (6 mg/kg) which produced appreciable hypotension was selected for further studies. RESULTS: Intravenous administration of T. arjuna produced dose-dependent hypotension in anaesthetized dogs. The hypotension produced by 6 mg/kg dose of the extract was blocked by propranolol but not by atropine or mepyramine maleate. This indicates that muscarinic or histaminergic mechanisms are not likely to be involved in the hypotension produced by the extract. The blockade by propranolol of the hypotension produced by T. arjuna indicates that the extract might contain active compound(s) possessing adrenergic ß(2)-receptor agonist action and/or that act directly on the heart muscle. CONCLUSION: The results indicated the likely involvement of peripheral mechanism for hypotension produced by the 70% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna and lends support for the claims of its traditional usage in cardiovascular disorders

Structural Insights into the Evolution of a Non-Biological Protein: Importance of Surface Residues in Protein Fold Optimization

Phylogenetic profiling of amino acid substitution patterns in proteins has led many to conclude that most structural information is carried by interior core residues that are solvent inaccessible. This conclusion is based on the observation that buried residues generally tolerate only conserved sequence changes, while surface residues allow more diverse chemical substitutions. This notion is now changing as it has become apparent that both core and surface residues play important roles in protein folding and stability. Unfortunately, the ability to identify specific mutations that will lead to enhanced stability remains a challenging problem. Here we discuss two mutations that emerged from an in vitro selection experiment designed to improve the folding stability of a non-biological ATP binding protein. These mutations alter two solvent accessible residues, and dramatically enhance the expression, solubility, thermal stability, and ligand binding affinity of the protein. The significance of both mutations was investigated individually and together, and the X-ray crystal structures of the parent sequence and double mutant protein were solved to a resolution limit of 2.8 and 1.65 Å, respectively. Comparative structural analysis of the evolved protein to proteins found in nature reveals that our non-biological protein evolved certain structural features shared by many thermophilic proteins. This experimental result suggests that protein fold optimization by in vitro selection offers a viable approach to generating stable variants of many naturally occurring proteins whose structures and functions are otherwise difficult to study