The Status Quo and Perceptions of Fairness: How Income Inequality Influences Public Opinion

This dissertation argues that public opinion regarding the acceptability and desirability of income differences is affected by actual income inequality. Cross-national survey evidence is combined with laboratory and survey experiments to show that estimates regarding appropriate income differences depend on (perceptions of) real income differences. When income inequality changes, public opinion "habituates" by adjusting expectations for fair levels of inequality in the same direction as the factual change. The adjustment occurs because humans are subject to status quo bias and have a motivated tendency to believe in a just world. In the context of increasing inequality in developed democracies over the last 40 years, the implication is that normative expectations for appropriate levels of inequality have adjusted up. This habituation process helps explain why increases in inequality have not been accompanied by increased demands for redistribution and why cross-national variation in income inequality is not clearly linked to public opposition to such inequality.Governmen

ANALISIS KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM INTERAKSI ANTARSISWA SD XAVERIUS 4 PALEMBANG

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe the results of the analysis of politeness in language in the interaction between students in SD Xaverius 4 Palembang. The realization of character values in the lives of students is reflected in the interactions between students that can be seen through the politeness of their language. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The techniques used to collect data in this study are observation, recording, and recording (optional). Researchers used cross-sectional design in this politeness politeness research. Data analysis uses indicators taken from politeness theory. The results of the study concluded that the research subjects used five indicators of modesty that had been determined even though the resulting speech did not reflect politeness. Keywords: politeness in language, interaction, studen

Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya kepada Mahasiswa Disabilitas Selama Menempuh Pendidikan di Universitas Jember

Problems regarding unmet accessibility needs and discriminatory behavior often faced by disabilities students so that they experience several physical and social obstacles. Therefore, students with disabilities need social support from their social environment, namely fellow students as peers. The purpose of this study was to describe the forms of peer social support to disabilitie students during their education at the Jember University. The research method used is qualitative with phenomenological type. Selection of research informants using purposive sampling technique and obtained 3 main informants and 3 additional informants. Research data were collected using in-depth interview techniques, non-participant observation, and documentation studies. The data analysis process uses the stages of data condensation, data display, verification and conclusions. The results showed that there are forms of peer social support for students with disabilities, including attention, accessibility assistance, social interaction, positive expressions and self-actualization which provide benefits for students with disabilities to be able to function socially and social welfare

Lessons for COVID-19 vaccination from eight federal government direct communication evaluations

We discuss eight randomized evaluations intended to increase vaccination uptake conducted by the US General Services Administration’s Office of Evaluation Sciences (OES). These evaluations had a median sample size of 55,000, deployed a variety of behaviorally-informed direct communications, and used administrative data to measure vaccination uptake. The confidence interval from an internal meta-analysis shows changes in vaccination rates ranging from -0.004 to 0.394 percentage points. Two studies yielded statistically significant increases, of 0.59 and 0.16 percentage points. The other six were not statistically significant, although the studies were powered to detect effect sizes in line with published research. This work highlights the likely effects of government communications and demonstrates the value of conducting rapid evaluations to support COVID-19 vaccination efforts

Metaphorical markers of pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, and pain interference in people with chronic pain

Metaphor to communicate chronic pain can reflect psychological appraisals of pain, and its impact, and may be beneficial in enhancing understanding of pain, its aetiology, and shared decision-making. This cross-sectional study examined metaphor use and relationships with pain intensity, pain interference, mood, and pain catastrophizing. Seventy participants with chronic pain completed measures of depression, anxiety and stress, the Brief Pain Inventory, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. They provided descriptions of their pain through metaphor and a primary condition related to their pain. Pain catastrophizing significantly predicted frequency of metaphor use (R2=.07, F(1, 62)=4.55, p=.041). More frequent use of metaphor was correlated with pain catastrophizing (r=.29, p=.03), rumination (r=.26, p=.05), magnification (r=.28, p=.03), helplessness (r=.28, p=.04), depression (r=.30, p=.02), and pain interference (r=.30, p=.02). Metaphors relating pain to physical damage were significantly associated with anxiety (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03-1.35, p =.02) and magnification (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05-1.57, p=.02). Metaphors referring to pain as caused by an external agent were significantly associated with depression (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.23, p=.04) and pain duration (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.11, p=.04). The findings indicate that there may be specific metaphorical markers of psychological and pain-related outcomes in the language used by people with chronic pain. Appreciation of metaphor may facilitate enhanced patient-provider communication and support for people with chronic pain

The 2018 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: shaping the health of nations for centuries to come

The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and climate change was established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the health dimensions of the impacts of, and the response to, climate change. The Lancet Countdown tracks 41 indicators across five domains: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; finance and economics; and public and political engagement. This report is the product of a collaboration of 27 leading academic institutions, the UN, and intergovernmental agencies from every continent. The report draws on world-class expertise from climate scientists, ecologists, mathematicians, geographers, engineers, energy, food, livestock, and transport experts, economists, social and political scientists, public health professionals, and. doctors. The Lancet Countdown’s work builds on decades of research in this field, and was first proposed in the 2015 Lancet Commission on health and climate change,1 which documented the human impacts of climate change and provided ten global recommendations to respond to this public health emergency and secure the public health benefits available (panel 1)

Making use of comparable health data to improve quality of care and outcomes in diabetes : The EUBIROD review of diabetes registries and data sources in Europe

Background: Registries and data sources contain information that can be used on an ongoing basis to improve quality of care and outcomes of people with diabetes. As a specific task of the EU Bridge Health project, we carried out a survey of diabetes-related data sources in Europe. Objectives: We aimed to report on the organization of different sources of diabetes information, including their governance, information infrastructure and dissemination strategies for quality control, service planning, public health, policy and research. Methods: Survey using a structured questionnaire to collect targeted data from a network of collaborating institutions managing registries and data sources in 17 countries in the year 2017. Results: The 18 data sources participating in the study were most frequently academic centres (44.4%), national (72.2%), targeting all types of diabetes (61.1%) covering no more than 10% of the target population (44.4%). Although population-based in over a quarter of cases (27.8%), sources relied predominantly on provider-based datasets (38.5%), fewer using administrative data (16.6%). Data collection was continuous in the majority of cases (61.1%), but 50% could not perform data linkage. Public reports were more frequent (72.2%) as well as quality reports (77.8%), but one third did not provide feedback to policy and only half published ten or more peer reviewed papers during the last 5 years. Conclusions: The heterogeneous implementation of diabetes registries and data sources hampers the comparability of quality and outcomes across Europe. Best practices exist but need to be shared more effectively to accelerate progress and deliver equitable results for people with diabetes.publishedVersionPeer reviewe