J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci

Trans-fatty acids (TFA) are geometric isomers of naturally occurring cis-fatty acids. High dietary TFA intake has been associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about TFA levels in humans. To address this data need, we developed and validated a new isotope dilution-gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (ID-GC-NCI-MS) method for quantitation of 27 fatty acids (FA) including 4 major TFA in human plasma, serum, and red blood cells (RBC) from 66 donors. Quantitation was performed with 18 isotope labeled internal standards and results are presented in \u3bcM and % of total FA. This method has high sensitivity and specificity due to use of pentafluorobenzyl-bromide derivatization combined with NCI-MS and a 200m column to optimize positional and geometric FA isomer separation. The four major TFA, palmitelaidic acid, elaidic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, and linoelaidic acid, were detected in all samples, with median total TFA concentrations of 17.7\u3bcM in plasma, 19.6\u3bcM in serum, and 21.5\u3bcM in RBC. The % of total FA for the TFA was 0.20% in plasma, 0.20% in serum, and 0.30% in RBC. Patterns for % FA are similar to those reported in other studies. We developed a highly specific, ID-GC-NCI-MS method to quantitate TFA and other FA in humans.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States2018-02-28T00:00:00Z29396366PMC5830112vault:2743

ROSSOV POJAM PRAVNE SVIJESTI I NAMJERAVANA NORMATIVNA PROMJENA

Deliberate normative change is a vital process in modern legal orders, although it is often perceived as a peripheral aspect in the theory of law. The article analyses the views of Alf Ross on the role of the legal consciousness in explaining deliberate normative change, and develops further some of his insights with an aim of presenting its applicability to researching contemporary legal processes. Although neglected in legal theory, Ross’s conception of deliberate normative change is a significant contribution to understanding and study of legal practice and represents an integral part of his general theory of law, especially in view of his scientific approach to law.Svjesna i voljna normativna promjena ključan je proces u modernim pravnim poredcima, iako se često u teoriji prava poima kao njezin periferni dio. Članak analizira stavove Alfa Rossa o ulozi pravne svijesti za razumijevanje namjeravane normative promjene. Neki Rossovi uvidi dodatno su razrađeni kako bi se pokazala primjenjivost njegove teorije na istraživanje suvre- menih pravnih procesa. Iako zanemarena u teoriji prava, Rossova teorija namjeravane norma- tivne promjene značajan je doprinos razumijevanju i proučavanju pravne prakse. Uz to, ona predstavlja sastavni dio njegove opće teorije o pravu što posebno dolazi do izražaja kada se teorija namjeravane normativne promjene promatra u svijetlu Rossova znanstvenog pristupa pravu

Razvoj metode za analizu glikanskog profila IgG-a izoliranog iz sinovijalne tekućine

Protutijela imaju središnju ulogu u molekulskim mehanizmima imunosnog odgovora. Glavno i najzastupljenije protutijelo u krvnoj plazmi je imunoglobulin G (IgG). IgG se sastoji od dvije vrste polipeptidnih lanaca: teškog (veličine oko 50 kDa) i lakog lanca (veličine oko 25 kDa). Svaka IgG molekula se sastoji od dva teška i dva laka lanca (ukupne veličine oko 150 kDa). Glikozilacija je od velike važnosti za pravilno funkcioniranje IgG-a. Svaki teški lanac nosi kovalentnu vezani bi-antenarni N-glikan na asparaginskom ostatku 297. Ovi oligosaharidi imaju strukturnu i funkcionalnu važnost za imunoglobulin G i njegove efektorske funkcije. Normalni sinovijalni zglobovi sadrže šupljinu ispunjenu sinovijalnom tekućinom koju izlučuje sinovijalna membrana. Sinovijalna tekućina je viskozna tekućina koja ima podmazujuću i metaboličku funkciju unutar zgloba. Održavanje normalnog sastava sinovijalne tekućine je nužno za homeostazu zgloba. Reumatoidni artritis (RA), koji zahvaća otprilike 1% populacije, predstavlja autoimunosni napad primarno usmjeren na sinovijalne membrane pokretnih zglobova. Svrha ovog rada je razvoj metode za analizu N-glikana IgG-a iz sinovijalne tekućine kao važnog biološkog uzorka u proučavanju reumatoidnog artritisa. IgG je izoliran iz sinovijalne tekućine imunoprecipitacijom uz korištenje protein G zrna, te su optimirani uvjeti pročišćavanja. Nakon izolacije IgG-a provedena je deglikozilacija, N-glikani su obilježeni i analizirani UPLC-om. Razvijena metoda će biti korištena u daljnjem istraživanju povezanosti reumatoidnog artritisa i N-glikana IgG-a, poželjno u obliku koji omogućuje visokoprotočnu analizu velikog broja uzoraka.Antibodies play a central role in molecular mechanisms of immune response. The main and most common antibody in blood plasma is immunoglobulin G (IgG). IgG consists of two types of polypeptide chains: heavy (approximately 50 kDa) and light chain (approximately 25 kDa). Each IgG molecule consists of two heavy and two light chains (total molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa). Glycosylation is of great importance for proper functioning of IgG. Each heavy chain carries a covalently bonded bi-antenary N-glycan on the asparagine residue 297. These oligosaccharides have structural and functional importance for immunoglobulin G and its effector functions. Normal synovial joints contain a cavity filled with synovial fluid secreted by the synovial membrane. Synovial fluid is a viscous liquid that has a lubricating and metabolic function within a joint. Maintaining normal composition of synovial fluid is necessary for homeostasis of a joint. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which affects approximately 1% of the population, represents an autoimmune attack primarily directed to synovial membranes of synovial joints. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for IgG N-glycan analysis from synovial fluid as an important biological sample in the study of rheumatoid arthritis. IgG was isolated from synovial fluid by immunoprecipitation using protein G beads, and purification conditions were optimized. N-glycans were released from IgG, labeled and analyzed by UPLC. The developed method will be used in further research of the association of rheumatoid arthritis and IgG N-glycans, preferably in a form that allows high-throughput analysis of a large number of samples

Stjepan Matičević’s Thoughts on Education

Članak predstavlja lik i djelo Stjepana Matičevića, prvog i jedinog pedagoga – člana Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti koji se aktivno bavio primarnim pitanjima odgoja. Mnogi su njegovi pedagoški radovi originalni i znanstveno utemeljeni. Govoreći o odgoju i odgajaniku naglašava potrebu traganja za odgovorom na vječno pitanje: što je odgoj? Rješenje pronalazi u filozofiji odgoja koja nastoji ponuditi uvjerljiv odgovor na to presudno pitanje. Prvi dio članka prikazuje povijesni kontekst i prilike u kojima je Stjepan Matičević odrastao i djelovao, a drugi se osvrće na njegovo djelo, tj. na pedagoške orijentacije iz odabranih tekstova. U prilogu se pokušava rasvijetliti Matičevićev doprinos pedagogiji u Hrvatskoj, ali i uvidjeti koliko je njegovo djelo inspirativno za sadašnje aktualne preobrazbe hrvatskog školskog sustava.The paper portrays the figure and work of Stjepan Matičević, the first and only educationist who rightfully obtained the title of academician. He dealt with primary issues in education, which should be no less interesting to the pedagogical public today. Although his works are pedagogically original, they are scientifically based. He talks a lot about education and the pupil, strongly emphasizing the need for finding the answer to the eternal question – What is education? He finds the solution in the philosophy of education itself, which is indispensable in school education, because it attempts to offer a convincing answer to this important question. The first part of the paper portrays the historical context and the circumstances in which Stjepan Matičević grew up and worked, and the second part refers to his work, i.e. the pedagogical trends from the chosen texts. It is very important to shed light on his contribution to pedagogy, not only in Croatia, but also around the world, as well as to realize how inspiring his work is for the present, increasingly important, transformations of the Croatian school system