Rozwój ruchu kobiecego w Ukrainie

Artykuł poświęcony jest rozwojowi ukraińskiego ruchu kobiecego, który kształtował się w dwóch kierunkach na dwóch oddzielnych terenach. Ziemie wschodniej i środkowej Ukrainy były pod zaborem rosyjskim, ziemie zachodniej Ukrainy – pod zaborem austriackim. Sytuacja społeczno-polityczna w tych państwach uwarunkowała rozwój kobiecego ruchu na tych terenach. W obu zaborach można było znaleźć wspólne hasła odwołujące się do niepodległości i praw kobiet. Jednak to na zachodniej Ukrainie zostały sformułowane zasadnicze idee ukraińskiego ruchu feministycznego. Idee ukraińskiego ruchu feministycznego znalazły się na łamach czasopism kobiecych. Czasopisma te były wydawane przez założycielkę ukraińskiego feminizmu pisarkę Natalię Kobryńską. Po roku 1918 ukraiński ruch kobiecy rozwijał się na terenach II Rzeczypospolitej, w Galicji i na Wołyniu. Jednocześnie ruch kobiecy rozwijał się w środowisku emigracji ukraińskiej na terenach Europy Zachodniej i Centralnej oraz Ameryki Północnej. Rozwój ruchu kobiecego był związany z działalnością organizacji kobiecych i funkcjonowaniem czasopism. Natomiast na wschodnich ziemiach Ukrainy, które znalazły się w Związku Sowieckim, władze sowieckie wykorzystywały prawa i ruch kobiet do swoich celów politycznych. Sowieci budowali propagandę na haśle, że władze dbają o kobiety. Sowietom udało się w społeczeństwie ugruntować przekonanie, że prawa kobiet są respektowane, a ruch kobiet ma prawa do realizacji swoich celów. W Związku Sowieckim prawda o prawach kobiet była inna. Kobiety były wyzyskiwane, ich rola w społeczeństwie marginalna. Nowego ducha ukraiński ruch kobiecy zdobył już w okresie Ukrainy niepodległej w końcu XX w. Wówczas zostały wznowione kółka i organizacje kobiece zakazane w okresie reżimu radzieckiego. Przed ruchem kobiet stanęły nowe cele, w tym najważniejszy: udział w walce o budowę społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, o nowoczesność państwa. Wydarzenia lat 2013–2014, kijowski Majdan i wojna na południu Ukrainy postawiły przed ruchem feministycznym kolejne wyzwania. Aktualnie ukraiński ruch feministyczny aktywnie uczestniczy w życiu społecznym, kreując nowe rozwiązania, dąży do celów cywilizacyjnych, przed którymi stoi Ukraina.An article devoted to the development of the Ukrainian women’s movement, which was shaped in two directions on two separate areas. The lands of eastern and central Ukraine were under the Russian partition, the lands of western Ukraine – under the Austrian partition. The socio-political situation in these countries conditioned the development of women’s movement in these areas. In both partitions, it was possible to find common slogans referring to independence and women’s rights. Ideas of the Ukrainian feminist movement found themselves in the pages of women’s magazines. These magazines were published by the founder of Ukrainian feminism, the writer Natalia Kobryńska. After 1918, the development of the Ukrainian women’s movement developed in the territories of the Second Polish Republic, in Galicia and in Volhynia. At the same time, the women’s movement developed in the environment of Ukrainian emigration in the areas of Western and Central Europe and North America. The development of the women’s movement was related to the activities of women’s organizations and the functioning of magazines. Whereas in the eastern territories of Ukraine, which were in the Soviet Union, the Soviet authorities used the rights and movement of women for their political purposes. The Soviets were propaganda about the authorities taking care of women. The Soviets have succeeded in establishing the belief that the authorities care for women’s rights and the women’s movement has the right to achieve their goals. In the Soviet Union, the truth about women’s rights was different. Women were exploiting, their role in a marginal society. The Ukrainian women’s movement has gained a new spirit during the independent Ukraine at the end of the 20th century. At that time, the circles and the women’s organization were banned during the Soviet regime. Before the women’s movement there were new goals: in this the most important participation in the fight for building a civil society, for the modernity of the state. The events of 2013–2014, the Kiev Maidan and the war in the south of Ukraine set new challenges ahead of the feminist movement. At present, the Ukrainian feminist movement actively participates in social life, creating new solutions, pursuing the civilizational goals Ukraine is facing.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00. Publikacja została sfinansowana z opłat konferencyjnych oraz dofinansowana przez Dziekanów Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego UŁ, Wydziału Filozoficzno-Historycznego UŁ, Dziekana Wydziału Zarządzania i Inżynierii Produkcji oraz Dyrektora Instytutu Nauk Społecznych i Zarządzania Technologiami Politechniki Łódzkiej

Adam Tomanek – legenda polskiego radia

У статті “Адам Томанек — легенда польського радіо” розглядається життєвий та творчий шлях знаного польського радіожурналіста, досвід роботи якого складає більше 60 років. Проаналізована його методика творення радійних мікрорепортажів, а також цикл усних історій під назвою “Свідок історії”, який складається із 35 текстів. У статті розглянуто радіопрограми, присвячені історії люблінського радіо, колегам, з якими Адам Томанек працював упродовж багатьох десятиліть, технічному та моральному поступу радіожурналістики. Особливу цінність складають тексти, присвячені рідному дядькові журналіста, відомому польському письменникові, журналістові і перекладачеві Юзефу Лободовському. Це і особисті спогади А.Томанка про зустрічі з письменником, і перекази родинних історій, і розповідь про його життя на еміграції та повернення праху на батьківщину. У статті, крім публікацій у пресі та архіву люблінського радіо, також використані матеріали особистого архіву авторки, якій випала нагода особисто спілкуватися із відомим польським журналістом.In the article "Adam Tomanek - a legend of Polish radio" is considered the life and career of famous Polish radio journalist, whose experience is more than 60 years. Analyzed its method of creation reports on radio and oral history series called "Witness History", which consists of 35 texts. In the article reviewed the radio program on the history of Radio Lublin, colleagues with whom Adam Tomanek worked for many decades, technical and moral progress of journalism. Of particular value up texts devoted uncle journalist, famous Polish writer, journalist and translator Józef Łobodowski. This A.Tomanka personal memories of meetings with the writer, and bring family stories, and the story of his life in exile and the return of the ashes home. The article, in addition to publications in the press and radio archives Lublin also benefited the personal archive of the author, who had the opportunity to personally interact with the famous Polish journalist

Foetal macrosomia — incidence, determinants and neonatal outcomes: 10-years retrospective review, 2010–2019

Objectives: Prevalence of macrosomia differs worldwide according to studied population and has been variable over last few decades. The objective of the study was to determine the trends in incidence and clinical characteristics of infants with macrosomia born in two diverse Polish neonatal centres from 2010–2019. Material and methods: Trends in the incidence of macrosomia, maternal age, delivery mode and neonatal complications were analysed over a 10 year period based on birth medical records. Results: The total number of 43 165 term neonates were analysed with macrosomia incidence of 16.63% (n = 7179). The prevalence of macrosomia was stable from 2010–2019 irrespectively of referentiality and geographical area. Mean maternal age increased over the decade with higher age of mothers of macrosomic neonates. Recognizability of gestation diabetes among pregnant women increased from 9.61% in 2010 to 15.27% in 2019 and it was comparable in mothers of macrosomic infants. The percentage of caesarean sections was higher in macrosomic neonates and gradually increased over last decade. The highest percentage of birth injuries was observed in the first grade of macrosomia (4000–4499 g). The number of neonatal complications including lower Apgar score, respiratory and cardiology symptoms correlated with severity of macrosomia, with highest morbidity in children above 5000 g. Conclusions: The prevalence of macrosomia in the studied cohort remained invariable over the last decade. Macrosomia is associated with an increased rate of caesarean sections, higher maternal age and increased neonatal morbidity. A higher macrosomia grade is related to a worse neonatal outcome. Further studies on other risk factors of macrosomia are needed

Highlights of the Brazilian Thoracic Association guidelines for interstitial lung diseases

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are heterogeneous disorders, involving a large number of conditions, the approach to which continues to pose an enormous challenge for pulmonologists. The 2012 Brazilian Thoracic Association ILD Guidelines were established in order to provide Brazilian pulmonologists with an instrument that can facilitate the management of patients with ILDs, standardizing the criteria used for the diagnosis of different conditions and offering guidance on the best treatment in various situations. The objective of this article was to briefly describe the highlights of those guidelines.As doenças pulmonares intersticiais (DPIs) são afecções heterogêneas, envolvendo um elevado número de condições, cuja abordagem ainda é um grande desafio para o pneumologista. As Diretrizes de DPIs da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, publicadas em 2012, foram estabelecidas com o intuito de fornecer aos pneumologistas brasileiros um instrumento que possa facilitar a abordagem dos pacientes com DPIs, padronizando-se os critérios utilizados para a definição diagnóstica das diferentes condições, além de orientar sobre o melhor tratamento nas diferentes situações. Esse artigo teve como objetivo descrever resumidamente os principais destaques dessas diretrizes.Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Curso de Pós-Graduação de Doenças Pulmonares IntersticiaisUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegreSanta Casa de Porto Alegre Ambulatório de Doenças IntersticiaisSES Hospital Regional da Asa Norte Serviço de Doenças TorácicasFundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho Serviço de MedicinaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PatologiaHospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo Serviço de Anatomia PatológicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Divisão de PneumologiaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Hospital UniversitárioHospital de Messejana Ambulatório de Doenças IntersticiaisHospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo Ambulatório de Doenças IntersticiaisUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Instituto do CoraçãoUniversidade Federal FluminenseUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaHospital Sírio Libanês Núcleo Avançado de TóraxUniversidade Federal da BahiaHospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São PauloHospital do Câncer Antônio Cândido CamargoUNIFESP, EPM, Curso de Pós-Graduação de Doenças Pulmonares IntersticiaisUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PatologiaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Highlights of the Brazilian Thoracic Association guidelines for interstitial lung diseases

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are heterogeneous disorders, involving a large number of conditions, the approach to which continues to pose an enormous challenge for pulmonologists. The 2012 Brazilian Thoracic Association ILD Guidelines were established in order to provide Brazilian pulmonologists with an instrument that can facilitate the management of patients with ILDs, standardizing the criteria used for the diagnosis of different conditions and offering guidance on the best treatment in various situations. The objective of this article was to briefly describe the highlights of those guidelines.As doenças pulmonares intersticiais (DPIs) são afecções heterogêneas, envolvendo um elevado número de condições, cuja abordagem ainda é um grande desafio para o pneumologista. As Diretrizes de DPIs da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, publicadas em 2012, foram estabelecidas com o intuito de fornecer aos pneumologistas brasileiros um instrumento que possa facilitar a abordagem dos pacientes com DPIs, padronizando-se os critérios utilizados para a definição diagnóstica das diferentes condições, além de orientar sobre o melhor tratamento nas diferentes situações. Esse artigo teve como objetivo descrever resumidamente os principais destaques dessas diretrizes.28229

Extremely Preterm Infant Admissions Within the SafeBoosC-III Consortium During the COVID-19 Lockdown

Objective: To evaluate if the number of admitted extremely preterm (EP) infants (born before 28 weeks of gestational age) differed in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of the SafeBoosC-III consortium during the global lockdown when compared to the corresponding time period in 2019. Design: This is a retrospective, observational study. Forty-six out of 79 NICUs (58%) from 17 countries participated. Principal investigators were asked to report the following information: (1) Total number of EP infant admissions to their NICU in the 3 months where the lockdown restrictions were most rigorous during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) Similar EP infant admissions in the corresponding 3 months of 2019, (3) the level of local restrictions during the lockdown period, and (4) the local impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the everyday life of a pregnant woman. Results: The number of EP infant admissions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was 428 compared to 457 in the corresponding 3 months in 2019 (−6.6%, 95% CI −18.2 to +7.1%, p = 0.33). There were no statistically significant differences within individual geographic regions and no significant association between the level of lockdown restrictions and difference in the number of EP infant admissions. A post-hoc analysis based on data from the 46 NICUs found a decrease of 10.3%in the total number of NICU admissions (n = 7,499 in 2020 vs. n = 8,362 in 2019). Conclusion: This ad hoc study did not confirm previous reports of a major reduction in the number of extremely pretermbirths during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, identifier: NCT04527601 (registered August 26, 2020), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04527601

Educational and cultural activities of Proletkult (1917–1932): conceptual and categorical analysis

W artykule „Edukacyjna, wychowawcza i kulturotwórcza działalność Proletkultu (1917 –1932): analiza pojęciowo-kategorialna” na podstawie analizy terminologicznej określeń pojęcia „proletkultu” w literaturze naukowej i wydaniach słownikowo- -informacyjnych proponujemy własne określenie: Proletkult (1917–1932) – edukacyjno- -wychowawcza, kulturotwórcza, niezależna, dobrowolna organizacja, celem działalności której było znalezienie podstaw teoretycznych pojęcia „kultura proletariacka” i stworzenie na tej podstawie odpowiednich warunków organizacyjno-pedagogicznych dla wyjawienia i rozwoju twórczego potencjału pracowników (proletariatu) w różnych dziedzinach sztuki (literatura, muzyka, teatr, sztuki plastyczne) i nauki, teoretyczna i praktyczna organizacja pracy oświatowej w organizacjach Proletkultu (uniwersytety proletariackie, kluby pracownicze, dziecięcy proletkult, teatry, sekcje itp.).In this paper, the author performs an analysis of the definitions of the term “proletcult” as given in research results and reference books. Based on them, the author defines the Proletkult (1917–1932) as an educational and culture-building independent, voluntary organization, the purpose of which was theoretical substantiation of the concept of “proletarian culture” and thus creation of corresponding organizational-pedagogical conditions for the identification and development of creative potential of working population (the proletariat) in various fields of art (literature, music, theatre, visual arts) and science, methodical and practical support of educational outreach in proletkultists institutions (proletarian universities, job clubs, children’s Proletkult theaters, studios, etc.)

Karol Hiller: From Boyczukism to European Avant-Garde

The paper deals with the work of Polish avant-garde artist Karol Hiller. However brief his apprenticeship in the workshop of Mychajlo Boyczuk might have been, in all his experimental work he remained subconsciously loyal to the Boyczukist tradition and rightly called Boyczuk his master

Dialog kultur na łamach czasopisma „Biuletyn Polsko - Ukraiński” (Warszawa 1932–1938) z perspektywy pogranicza wieków

The article discusses the importance of the periodical “The Polish-Ukrainian Bulletin” published in Warsaw in the 1930s. “The Bulletin” functioned as a mediator between the artistic environments of Poland and Ukraine, publishing “belles-lettres”, opinion journalism and literary criticism by the writers from these two nations. The author of the article claims that the periodical played a very significant role in forming a cross-cultural dialogue, overcoming the prejudices and the stereotypes present in both countries