Kinin-B2 Receptor Mediated Neuroprotection after NMDA Excitotoxicity Is Reversed in the Presence of Kinin-B1 Receptor Agonists

Background: Kinins, with bradykinin and des-Arg 9-bradykinin being the most important ones, are pro-inflammatory peptides released after tissue injury including stroke. Although the actions of bradykinin are in general well characterized; it remains controversial whether the effects of bradykinin are beneficial or not. Kinin-B2 receptor activation participates in various physiological processes including hypotension, neurotransmission and neuronal differentiation. The bradykinin metabolite des-Arg 9-bradykinin as well as Lys-des-Arg 9-bradykinin activates the kinin-B1 receptor known to be expressed under inflammatory conditions. We have investigated the effects of kinin-B1 and B2 receptor activation on N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity measured as decreased capacity to produce synaptically evoked population spikes in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices. Principal Findings: Bradykinin at 10 nM and 1 mM concentrations triggered a neuroprotective cascade via kinin-B2 receptor activation which conferred protection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Recovery of population spikes induced by 10 nM bradykinin was completely abolished when the peptide was co-applied with the selective kinin-B2 receptor antagonist HOE-140. Kinin-B2 receptor activation promoted survival of hippocampal neurons via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, while MEK/MAPK signaling was not involved in protection against NMDA-evoked excitotoxic effects. However, 100 nM Lys-des-Arg 9-bradykinin, a potent kinin-B1 receptor agonist, reversed bradykinin-induced population spik

Biblioteca.

82 (3-4) Jul.-Dez. 1972, p. 300-312

Las Vegas Morning Gazette, 01-21-1881

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/lv_gazette_news/2478/thumbnail.jp

The New Hampshire, Vol. 48, No. 4 (Mar. 6, 1958)

An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire

1848-01-10 Maysville Herald

Maysville Herald published on January 10, 1848

Psychological safety som prediktor för psykisk belastning och tecken på psykisk ohälsa: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie på räddningstjänstpersonal

Studiens huvudsakliga syfte var att undersöka hur väl psychological safety i arbetslaget hos brandmän och styrkeledare statistiskt kan predicera upplevda krav, kontroll, stöd och stress på arbetet samt symptom på utmattningssyndrom. Studien ämnade även undersöka förekomst av psychological safety, stress, symptom på utmattning och iso-spänt arbete i urvalspopulationen samt huruvida demografiska frågor predicerar förekomsten av psychological safety. Undersökningen är en tvärsnittsstudie vilket innebär att orsakssamband inte kan fastställas. Enkäten bestod av nio demografiska frågor samt skattningsskalorna: Single Item Stress Questionnaire (SISQ), Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale (KEDS) och en svensk version av Team Psychological Safety Survey. Enkäten distribuerades elektroniskt till cirka 450 stycken räddningstjänstpersonal på heltidsbrandstationer i Skåne. Studien bestod av 249 deltagare, varav 237 inkluderades. Resultatet visade att graden av psychological safety predicerade en liten del av upplevda krav (2.8%) och stressnivå (5.1%), en medelstor del av upplevd kontroll (10.6%), symptom på utmattning (9.2%) samt upplevt stöd (20.4%) i urvalspopulationen. Resultatet visade också en övervägande hög grad av psychological safety och en övervägande låg grad av upplevd stress i stickprovet. Majoriteten av urvalet upplevde sig inte vara i riskzonen för utmattningssyndrom eller iso-spänt arbete. Antalet arbetstimmar predicerade en liten del av graden av psychological safety (2.1%).The study aimed to examine how well psychological safety in teams of firefighters could predict perceived demands, control, support and stress at work as well as symptoms of exhaustion. The study further examined the prevalence of psychological safety, stress, symptom of exhaustion and iso-strained work and whether demographical data predicts prevalence of psychological safety. The design was cross-sectional meaning that a causal link cannot be determined. The survey consisted of nine demographical items and Single Item Stress Questionnaire (SISQ), Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale (KEDS) and a Swedish version of Team Psychological Safety Survey. The survey was distributed electronically to approximately 450 employees at full-time fire stations in the south of Sweden. The study included 249 participants, whereof 237 were included. The results showed that the level of psychological safety predicted a small part of perceived demands (2.8%), stress level (5.1%) and a medium-sized part of perceived control (10.6%), support (20.4%) and symptoms of exhaustion (9.2%). The result showed a predominantly high level of psychological safety and low level of perceived stress. The majority of the population did not meet the criteria for the Swedish diagnose of exhaustion nor iso-strained work. The number of work-hours scheduled predicted a small part of the incidence of psychological safety (2.1%)

Albuquerque Morning Journal, 07-06-1914

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/abq_mj_news/1982/thumbnail.jp