728 research outputs found
APPROPRIATE STATISTICAL METHODS FOR COMPARING SOURCES OF NUTRITIONAL METHIONINE
Kratzer and Ash(1996) presented Experimentation Science as a process to accomplish the Scientific Method with a complete protocol including relevant statistical design and analyses The first principal to sound Experimentation Science is the principle of Relevance. This is a case study primarily of Relevance in Experimentation Science. In our consulting work we found a so called “performance” design as not relevant because of the use of null hypothesis testing to promote a concept of equivalence. The best alternative involves equivalence testing, more replication and representative-ness. Secondly we found a dose response design for two products where non-linear asymptotic regression is misused in applying Bioassay techniques to estimate a single relative biological efficacy (RBV) because the basic assumption of sameness of mathematical form does not hold. We offer a relevant model which involves predicted differences in the relevant zone of commercial use (Vazquez- Añón, M et al, 2006b, Gonzales-Esquerra et al, 2007)
Orbital flight effects on calcium kinetics and fracture healing Final report
Orbital flight effects on calcium kinetics and fracture healin
Exact Spin and Pseudo-Spin Symmetric Solutions of the Dirac-Kratzer Problem with a tensor potential via Laplace Transform Approach
Exact bound state solutions of the Dirac equation for the Kratzer potential
in the presence of a tensor potential are studied by using the Laplace
transform approach for the cases of spin- and pseudo-spin symmetry. The energy
spectra is obtained in the closed form for the relativistic as well as
non-relativistic cases including the Coulomb potential. It is seen that our
analytical results are in agrement with the ones given in literature. The
numerical results are also given in a table for different parameter values.Comment: 8 page
Synthesis of perfluoroalkylene dianilines
The objective of this contrast was to optimize and scale-up the synthesis of 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)-hexafluoropropane and 1,3-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, as well as to explore avenues to other perfluoroalkyl-bridged dianilines. Routes other than Friedel-Crafts reaction leading to 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane were investigated. The processes utilizing bisphenol-AF were all unsuccessful; reactions aimed at the production of 4-(hexafluoro-2-halo-isopropyl)aniline from the hydroxyl intermediate failed to yield the desired products. Tailoring the conditions of the Friedel-Crafts reaction of 4-(hexafluoro-2-hydroxyisopropyl)aniline, aniline, and aluminum chloride by using hydrochloride salts and selecting optimum reagent ratios, reaction times, and temperature resulted in approx. 20% yield of pure crystallized 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane in 0.2 mole reaction batches. Yields up to approx. 40% were realized in small, approx. 0.01 mole, batches. The synthesis of 1,3-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane starting with perfluoroglutarimidine was reinvestigated. The yield of the 4-step reaction sequence giving 1,3-bis(4-acetamidophenyl)hexafluoropropane was raised to 44%. The yield of the subsequent hydrolysis process was improved by a factor of approx. 2. Approaches to prepare other perfluoroalkyl-bridged dianilines were unsuccessful. Reactions reported to proceed readily with trifluoromethyl substituents failed when longer chain perfluoroalkyl groups were employed
Effects of polymethylmethacrylate-transfer residues on the growth of organic semiconductor molecules on chemical vapor deposited graphene
Scalably grown and transferred graphene is a highly promising material for organic electronic applications, but controlled interfacing of graphene thereby remains a key challenge. Here, we study the growth characteristics of the important organic semiconductor molecule para-hexaphenyl (6P) on chemical vapor deposited graphene that has been transferred with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) onto oxidized Si wafer supports. A particular focus is on the influence of PMMA residual contamination, which we systematically reduce by H2 annealing prior to 6P deposition. We find that 6P grows in a flat-lying needle-type morphology, surprisingly independent of the level of PMMA residue and of graphene defects. Wrinkles in the graphene typically act as preferential nucleation centers. Residual PMMA does however limit the length of the resulting 6P needles by restricting molecular diffusion/attachment. We discuss the implications for organic device fabrication, with particular regard to contamination and defect tolerance.B.C.B acknowledges a College Research Fellowship from Hughes Hall, Cambridge. P.R.K. acknowledges the Lindemann Trust Fellowship. A.M. and G.R. acknowledge support by the Serbian MPNTR through Projects OI 171005 and III 45018. R.S.W. acknowledges a research fellowship from St. John’s College, Cambridge. S.H. acknowledges funding from EPSRC (GRAPHTED, Grant No. EP/K016636/1). We want to thank Dr. Sarah M. Skoff (Vienna University of Technology, Austria) for fruitful discussions.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final published version is available via AIP at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/106/10/10.1063/1.4913948
Mapping of shape invariant potentials by the point canonical transformation
In this paper by using the method of point canonical transformation we find
that the Coulomb and Kratzer potentials can be mapped to the Morse potential.
Then we show that the P\"{o}schl-Teller potential type I belongs to the same
subclass of shape invariant potentials as Hulth\'{e}n potential. Also we show
that the shape-invariant algebra for Coulomb, Kratzer, and Morse potentials is
SU(1,1), while the shape-invariant algebra for P\"{o}schl-Teller type I and
Hulth\'{e}n is SU(2)
Density-functional study of hydrogen chemisorption on vicinal Si(001) surfaces
Relaxed atomic geometries and chemisorption energies have been calculated for
the dissociative adsorption of molecular hydrogen on vicinal Si(001) surfaces.
We employ density-functional theory, together with a pseudopotential for Si,
and apply the generalized gradient approximation by Perdew and Wang to the
exchange-correlation functional. We find the double-atomic-height rebonded D_B
step, which is known to be stable on the clean surface, to remain stable on
partially hydrogen-covered surfaces. The H atoms preferentially bind to the Si
atoms at the rebonded step edge, with a chemisorption energy difference with
respect to the terrace sites of >sim 0.1 eV. A surface with rebonded single
atomic height S_A and S_B steps gives very similar results. The interaction
between H-Si-Si-H mono-hydride units is shown to be unimportant for the
calculation of the step-edge hydrogen-occupation. Our results confirm the
interpretation and results of the recent H_2 adsorption experiments on vicinal
Si surfaces by Raschke and Hoefer described in the preceding paper.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B. Other related
publications can be found at http://www.rz-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm
The role of electronic correlation in the Si(100) reconstruction: a quantum Monte Carlo study
Recent low-temperature scanning tunneling experiments have challenged the
generally accepted picture of buckled silicon dimers as the ground state
reconstruction of the Si(100) surface. Together with the symmetric dimer model
of the surface suggested by quantum chemistry calculations on small clusters,
these findings question our general understanding of electronic correlations at
surfaces and its proper description within density functional theory. We
present quantum Monte Carlo calculations on large cluster models of the
symmetric and buckled surface, and conclude that buckling remains energetically
more favorable even when the present-day best treatment of electronic
correlation is employed.Comment: 5 pages, Revtex, 10 figure
Rich Situated Attitudes
We outline a novel theory of natural language meaning, Rich
Situated Semantics [RSS], on which the content of sentential utterances
is semantically rich and informationally situated. In virtue of its situatedness,
an utterance’s rich situated content varies with the informational
situation of the cognitive agent interpreting the utterance. In virtue of its
richness, this content contains information beyond the utterance’s lexically
encoded information. The agent-dependence of rich situated content
solves a number of problems in semantics and the philosophy of language
(cf. [14, 20, 25]). In particular, since RSS varies the granularity of utterance
contents with the interpreting agent’s informational situation, it
solves the problem of finding suitably fine- or coarse-grained objects for
the content of propositional attitudes. In virtue of this variation, a layman
will reason with more propositions than an expert
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