On the "Causality Paradox" of Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory

I show that the so-called causality paradox of time-dependent density functional theory arises from an incorrect formulation of the variational principle for the time evolution of the density. The correct formulation not only resolves the paradox in real time, but also leads to a new expression for the causal exchange-correlation kernel in terms of Berry curvature. Furthermore, I show that all the results that were previously derived from symmetries of the action functional remain valid in the present formulation. Finally, I develop a model functional theory which explicitly demonstrates the workings of the new formulation.Comment: 21 page

Lower Critical Field Hc1(T) and Pairing Symmetry Based on Eilenberger Theory

We quantitatively estimate different T-dependences of Hc1 between s wave and d wave pairings by Eilenberger theory. The T-dependences of Hc1(T) show quantitative deviation from those in London theory. We also study differences of Hc1(T) between p+ and p- wave pairing in chiral p wave superconductors. There, Hc1(T) is lower in p- wave pairing, and shows the same T-dependence as in s wave pairing.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figur

The bicoid mRNA localization factor Exuperantia is an RNA-binding pseudonuclease.

This is the author accepted manuscript.Final version available from Nature Research via the DOI in this record.Anterior patterning in Drosophila is mediated by the localization of bicoid (bcd) mRNA at the anterior pole of the oocyte. Exuperantia (Exu) is a putative exonuclease (EXO) associated with bcd and required for its localization. We present the crystal structure of Exu, which reveals a dimeric assembly with each monomer consisting of a 3'-5' EXO-like domain and a sterile alpha motif (SAM)-like domain. The catalytic site is degenerate and inactive. Instead, the EXO-like domain mediates dimerization and RNA binding. We show that Exu binds RNA directly in vitro, that the SAM-like domain is required for RNA binding activity and that Exu binds a structured element present in the bcd 3' untranslated region with high affinity. Through structure-guided mutagenesis, we show that Exu dimerization is essential for bcd localization. Our data demonstrate that Exu is a noncanonical RNA-binding protein with EXO-SAM-like domain architecture that interacts with its target RNA as a homodimer.This project received funding from the Max Planck Gesellschaft, the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), ERC grant agreement no. 310957 and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB860 to K.K. and H.U., and BO3588/2-1 to F.B.)

The Near-Linear Regime of Gravitational Waves in Numerical Relativity

We report on a systematic study of the dynamics of gravitational waves in full 3D numerical relativity. We find that there exists an interesting regime in the parameter space of the wave configurations: a near-linear regime in which the amplitude of the wave is low enough that one expects the geometric deviation from flat spacetime to be negligible, but nevertheless where nonlinearities can excite unstable modes of the Einstein evolution equations causing the metric functions to evolve out of control. The implications of this for numerical relativity are discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 2 postscript figures, revised tex

Transport properties of quantum dots in the Wigner molecule regime

The transport properties of quantum dots with up to N=7 electrons ranging from the weak to the strong interacting regime are investigated via the projected Hartree-Fock technique. As interactions increase radial order develops in the dot, with the formation of ring and centered-ring structures. Subsequently, angular correlations appear, signalling the formation of a Wigner molecule state. We show striking signatures of the emergence of Wigner molecules, detected in transport. In the linear regime, conductance is exponentially suppressed as the interaction strength grows. A further suppression is observed when centered-ring structures develop, or peculiar spin textures appear. In the nonlinear regime, the formation of molecular states may even lead to a conductance enhancement.Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication on New Journal of Physic

The structure of hot gas in Cepheus B

By observing radiation-affected gas in the Cepheus B molecular cloud we probe whether the sequential star formation in this source is triggered by the radiation from newly formed stars. We used the dual band receiver GREAT onboard SOFIA to map [C II] and CO 13--12 and 11--10 in Cep B and compared the spatial distribution and the spectral profiles with complementary ground-based data of low-$J$ transitions of CO isotopes, atomic carbon, and the radio continuum. The interaction of the radiation from the neighboring OB association creates a large photon-dominated region (PDR) at the surface of the molecular cloud traced through the photoevaporation of C^+. Bright internal PDRs of hot gas are created around the embedded young stars, where we detect evidence of the compression of material and local velocity changes; however, on the global scale we find no indications that the dense molecular material is dynamically affected.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A (SOFIA/GREAT special issue

Axial perturbations of general spherically symmetric spacetimes

The aim of this paper is to present a governing equation for first order axial metric perturbations of general, not necessarily static, spherically symmetric spacetimes. Under the non-restrictive assumption of axisymmetric perturbations, the governing equation is shown to be a two-dimensional wave equation where the wave function serves as a twist potential for the axisymmetry generating Killing vector. This wave equation can be written in a form which is formally a very simple generalization of the Regge-Wheeler equation governing the axial perturbations of a Schwarzschild black hole, but in general the equation is accompanied by a source term related to matter perturbations. The case of a viscous fluid is studied in particular detail.Comment: 16 pages, no figures, minor correction

Thermodynamics and magnetic field profiles in low-kappa type-II superconductors

Two-dimensional low-kappa type-II superconductors are studied numerically within the Eilenberger equations of superconductivity. Depending on the Ginzburg-Landau parameter \kappa=\lambda/\xi vortex-vortex interaction can be attractive or purely repulsive. The sign of interaction is manifested as a first (second) order phase transition from Meissner to the mixed state. Temperature and field dependence of the magnetic field distribution in low-kappa type-II superconductors with attractive intervortex interaction is calculated. Theoretical results are compared to the experiment.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Future Challenges in Psychotherapy Research for Personality Disorders.

Individuals with personality disorders are frequently seen in mental health settings. Their symptoms typically reflect a high level of suffering and burden of disease, with potentially harmful societal consequences, including costs related to absenteeism at work, high use of health services, ineffective or harmful parenting, substance use, suicidal and non-suicidal self-harming behavior, and aggressiveness with legal consequences. Psychotherapy is currently the first-line treatment for patients with personality disorders, but the study of psychotherapy in the domain of personality disorders faces specific challenges. Challenges include knowing what works for whom, identifying which putative mechanisms of change explain therapeutic effects, and including the social interaction context of patients with a personality disorder. By following a dimensional approach, psychotherapy research on personality disorders may serve as a model for the development and study of innovative psychotherapeutic interventions. We recommend developing the following: (a) an evidence base to make treatment decisions based on individual features; (b) a data-driven approach to predictors, moderators, and mechanisms of change in psychotherapy; (c) methods for studying the interaction between social context and psychotherapy

Social interaction patterns, therapist responsiveness, and outcome in treatments for borderline personality disorder.

Inflexible social interaction patterns are defining features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Specific beliefs about the self and others may be activated across interaction situations, often leading to instable relationships. It may be pivotal to address these difficulties in early treatment phases, through appropriate therapist responsiveness, which means an adaptation of therapist's activity to their client's behaviours using emerging information in the process (Stiles, 2009, Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16, 86). In this process-outcome study, responsiveness is operationalized by the motive-oriented therapeutic relationship (Caspar, 2007, Handbook of psychotherapeutic case formulations, 2nd ed., 251-289, Guilford), based on the Plan analysis case formulation. The present study assesses the interplay between social interaction problems and therapist responsiveness, explaining symptoms at discharge and the therapeutic alliance. In total, N = 50 clients with BPD entered the study, and standard and responsive treatments were compared. Social interaction patterns were assessed by the newly developed Borderline Interaction Patterns Scale (BIPS), applied to recorded material of three sessions per therapy. Outcome was measured by general symptoms (OQ-45), borderline symptoms (BSL-23), interpersonal problems (IIP), and the therapeutic alliance (WAI). Results suggest that in standard treatment, social interaction patterns are neither related to outcome nor the therapeutic alliance. In responsive treatment, more activation of social interaction patterns predicted better outcome on IIP and lower therapist ratings of the alliance. The conclusions seem promising for specific effectiveness of responsive treatments in particular in the interpersonal problem area of BPD. Identifying social interaction patterns early in treatment may be a crucial pathway to change for BPD. Responsive therapy activating social interaction patterns may be crucial for better outcome. Future research should focus on mechanisms of change in early treatment phases for BPD. New scale for assessing social interaction patterns specific to borderline personality disorder