The analysis of the maintenance systems of a LPG carrier’s liquefaction system main components

The introductory part of this paper offers an overview of approaches on general marine maintenance and clarifies the significance of modern maintenance techniques, as well as their application in shipping practice. Unplanned down times and accidents, which result from inappropriate maintenance, create additional expenses. In today’s shipping practice the widely shared concept of planned maintenance is not the most effective of the approaches. The appropriate maintenance system needs to prevent or reduce down times. Modern condition-based and reliability-centered maintenance systems recognize the market demand for a better ratio of the invested funds and complex tasks that the maintenance systems need to fulfill. The paper further analyses the possibilities of adjusting the maintenance intervals, which are shown on the example of a modern system for cargo liquefaction on a liquefied petroleum gas tanker

Efekti isključenja vitaminsko-mineralnih dodataka iz hrane na sadržaj pepela i mikroelemenata u bataku pilića

Vitamins and trace minerals are necessary elements for normal functioning of the organism, and these substances must be in sufficient quantities in chicken feed. The assumption was that the body of chickens accumulate a sufficient amount of vitamins and trace elements and their exclusion from diet at the end of fattening period, 12, 8 and 4 days, had no negative impact on the ash and trace element content in the drumstick meat. The experiment was set up with 1400 chicken, divided into 7 groups. Vitamin and mineral supplements are excluded from chicken diet from 30 to 42 days of fattening period. Ash, iron, zinc and copper content were analyzed in drumstick meat. The results show that exclusion of these supplements did not have negative effects to the research parameters.Vitamini i mikroelementi zbog svoje važnosti za normalno funkcionisanje organizma pilića hranom se moraju unositi u dovoljnim koncentracijama. U istraživanjima se pošlo od pretpostavke da se u organizmu pilića akumuliraju dovoljne količine vitamina i mikroelemenata i da njihovo isključivanje pri kraju tovnog perioda, 12, 8 i 4 dana, nema negativnog uticaja na sadržaj pepela i mikroelemenata u bataku pilića. Eksperiment je postavljen na 1400 pilića, podjeljenih u 7 grupa. Vitaminsko-mineralni dodaci isključivani su iz koncentrata od 30-42. dana tova. Analiziran je sadržaj pepela, gvožđa, cinka i bakra u bataku pilića. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da isključenje vitaminsko-mineralnih dodataka nije imalo negativnog efekta na sadržaj ovih materija u bataku pilića

Uticaj različitih nivoa ishrane na karakteristike rasta i teksturu mesa dužičaste pastrmke (oncorhynchus mykiss wal.)

Eksperiment je realizovan u laboratoriji za akvakulturu Poljoprivrednog fakulteta Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci. Ukupno je naseljeno 100 jedinki u 5 eksperimentalnih grupa, prosječne individualne mase 91.091.37 g, totalne dužine tijela 20.080.10 cm i dužine tijela do račve repnog peraja 19.370.10 cm (MSEM). Cilj rada je bio praćenje efekata različitih nivoa ishrane na karakteristike rasta i teksturu (tvrdoću) mesa dužičaste pastrmke (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Dužičasta pastrmka u svim eksperimentalnim grupama hranjena je istom hranom, sa različitim nivoima ishrane: 20% (G-20) i 10% manje (G-10) u odnosu na standardni nivo ishrane, standardni nivo ishrane (G100) (preporuka proizvođača hrane), 10% (G+10) i 20% više (G+20) u odnosu na standardni nivo ishrane. Statistički značajna razlika sredina (p<0.05) mase i dužine tijela između posmatranih eksperimentalnih grupa javlja se u drugom periodu. Najmanja potrebna sila (kg) za presijecanje mesa dužičaste pastrmke konstatovana je na početku eksperimenta kod jedinki prosječne mase oko 90 g. Najtvrđe meso je kod riba iz eksperimentalnih grupa G+10 i G-10. Između posmatranih eksperimentalnih grupa konstatovana je statistički značajna razlika sredina (p<0.05) potrebne sile za presijecanje mesa

Sadržaj nezasićenih masnih kiselina u mlijeku u zavisnosti od načina proizvodnje

Content of fatty acids in milk varies depending on ways of production, breeding and feeding of cows. On the basis of that it was analysed the content of unsaturated fatty acids in milk from different way of production. There have been determining the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in milk from production to organic principles and in milk from from conventional production. The study was conducted on two farms with different production system in the Republic of Srpska. In the research was done determination of statistically significant differences between the content of unsaturated fatty acids.Sadržaj masnih kiselina u mlijeku varira u zavisnosti od načina proizvodnje, ishrane i držanja krava. Na osnovu toga u ovom radu analiziran je sadržaj nezasićenih masnih kiselina iz različitih vidova proizvodnje. Izvršeno je određivanje količine nezasićenih masnih kiselina u mlijeku iz proizvodnje prema organskim principima i iz konvencionalne proizvodnje. Istraživanje je obavljeno na dvije farme sa različitim načinima proizvodnje koje se nalaze u Republici Srpskoj. U okviru istraživanja izvršeno je i utvrđivanje statistički značajnih razlika između sadržaja nezasićenih masnih kiselina

Uticaj načina proizvodnje na sadržaj zasićenih masnih kiselina u mleku

In this paper is tested the effect of conventional and organic wau of milk production on the content of saturated fatty acids in milk fat. Examination was conducted on two farms in different production systems in the Republic of Srpska. On each farm individually, over a period of 6 months, were tested 12 samples of milk. In the milk samples was determined the content of certain saturated fatty acids and for that results was performed statistical analysis.U ovom radu ispitivan je uticaj konvencionalne i organske proizvodnje mleka na sadržaj zasićenih masnih kiselina u mlečnoj masti. Ispitivanje je izvršeno na dve farme iz različitih sistema proizvodnje u Republici Srpskoj. Sa svake farme pojedinacno, u periodu od 6 meseci, ispitano je po 12 uzoraka mleka. U uzorcima mleka određen je sadržaja određenih zasićenih masnih kiselina a za dobijene rezultete urađena je statistička obrada podataka

Biokristalizacija kao metoda za diferenciranje organski i konvencionalno proizvedenog mlijeka

Holistic methods, such as biocrystallization and capillary dynamolysis, can be used to confirm differences in chemical composition between organic and conventionally produced milk. The utilization of such methods is complementary to other quality assurance methods and demonstrates a complex aspect of food quality. In this study, biocrystallization was used as a method for distinguishing between organic and conventionally produced pasteurized milk, demonstrating how the differences in the dairy cow feeding regime can affect milk properties. The biocrystallization was performed by means of copper (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl2*2H2O). The biocrystallization patterns obtained from the conventional and organic milk samples were readily distinguished. A significant indication of differences was the emergence of degradation features in the biocrystallization patterns. While degradation features do not appear in organic milk, conventional milk showed clear indications of degradation, although the compound analysis of the two milks indicated no differences. From the morphological perspective, the biocrystallization patterns of organic milk have fared better according to all criteria. The results of the fatty acid analysis in milk from conventional and certified organic farms showed a greater content of beneficial fatty acids in organic milk: oleic (P<0.05), linoleic and linolenic (P<0.01). The analysis of animal feed indicated a higher content of cellulose, i.e. acid detergent fibers (ADF), and a lower content of neutral detergent fibers (NDF) in the organic animal feed. It was concluded that the method of copper chloride biocrystallization can determine the differences between pasteurized conventional and organic milk, which is greatly important in assuring the consumers of the milk origin, since the organic chain implies the increased quality control of soil, animal feed, animals and final dairy products with added value.Holističke metode, kao što su biokristalizacija i metoda kapilarne dinamolize ukazuju na razlike u kemijskom sastavu između organskog i konvencionalnog mlijeka, a mogu imati pozitivan potencijalni učinak na zdravlje ljudi. Korištenje ovih metoda komplementarno je drugim metodama provjere kvalitete i pokazuje jedan aspekt kompleksnog koncepta kvalitete hrane. U ovom radu utvrđivana je razlika između pasteriziranog mlijeka proizvedenog u uvjetima konvencionalne i organske stočarske proizvodnje u Srbiji biokristalizacijom kao metodom za razlikovanje između organskog i konvencionalnog mlijeka. Rezultati pokazuju kako razlika u režimu hranidbe krava između konvencionalne i organske farme može utjecati na kvalitetu mlijeka. Biokristalizacija je izvršena korištenjem bakar (II) klorida (CuCl2*2H20). Biokristalizacijski obrasci uzoraka konvencionalnog i organskog mlijeka lagani su za razlikovanje. Značajni pokazatelj razlika je pojava odlika degradacije biokristala. Dok se kod organskog mlijeka ne pojavljuje degradacija, konvencionalno mlijeko pokazuje čiste odlike degradacije. S morfološke strane, slike organskog mlijeka rangirane su bolje po svim kriterijima. Rezultati analize mlijeka podrijetlom s konvencionalne i certificirane organske farme pokazuju veći udjel blagotvornih masnih kiselina u organskom mlijeku, i to oleinske (P<0,05), linolne i linolenske (P<0,01). Analiza stočne hrane pokazala je viši sadržaj celuloze, kiselih (ADF) i niži sadržaj neutralnih (NDF) deterdžent vlakana u organskoj hrani. Zaključeno je kako se metodom biokristalizacije bakar kloridom može utvrditi razlika između pasteriziranog konvencionalnog i organskog mlijeka, što je od velikog značaja za informiranje potrošača glede podrijetla mlijeka, s obzirom kako organski lanac implicira strožiju kontrolu zemljišta, stočne hrane, životinja i gotovoga proizvoda s dodatom vrijednošću

Identification of Risk P Psychosocial Factors as Predictors of Loneliness of Elderly in Nursing Homes During Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 Pandemic

The elderly is at bigger risk for getting COVID-19 virus, and a particularly vulnerable group are people placed in homes for the elderly and frail. The aims of the study were: (1) to examine differences in the respondent’s experiences of social isolation, loneliness and perception of social support, (2) to examine correlations between the dimensions of social isolation and the experience of social support with the experience of loneliness, and (3) to examine whether dimensions of social isolation and perceived social support are risky psychosocial significant predictors of loneliness. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 98 participants from three nursing homes in Croatia, EU. It used Social Provision Scale, the short- form Loneliness Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results indicate that people who are single are lonelier, and if they do not have descendants are less likely to contact their family and at the same time they report a weaker social support experience. Loneliness is a statistically positive thing with a social provision dimension, information availability, and a significant negative correlation with the experience of social support. The dimensions of social provision, access to information and perceptions of social support contribute to the experience of loneliness. The constant exposure to negative information about the pandemic, the insecurity and anxiety of the people who communicate with them, make the users of homes for the elderly and infirm even more vulnerable to the development of loneliness

Supercapacitors based on graphene/pseudocapacitive materials

Composites of graphene and SnO2 were successfully prepared by a single step simultaneous synthesis of SnO2 and reduction of graphene oxide (GO). Three different compositions of precursor solution resulted in different composite materials containing graphene and SnO2. The reaction was realized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) gave insight into the morphology and composition of the obtained materials. Good capacitive/pseudocapacitive properties of the obtained material suitable for supercapacitor application were registered by cyclic voltammetry, from where specific capacitance values up to 93 F g(-1) were determined

Managed honey bee colony losses in Canada, China, Europe, Israel and Turkey, for the winters of 2008-9 and 1009-10

In 2008 the COLOSS network was formed by honey bee experts from Europe and the USA. The primary objectives set by this scientific network were to explain and to prevent large scale losses of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies. In June 2008 COLOSS obtained four years support from the European Union from COST and was designated as COST Action FA0803 – COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes). To enable the comparison of loss data between participating countries, a standardized COLOSS questionnaire was developed. Using this questionnaire information on honey bee losses has been collected over two years. Survey data presented in this study were gathered in 2009 from 12 countries and in 2010 from 24 countries. Mean honey bee losses in Europe varied widely, between 7-22% over the 2008-9 winter and between 7-30% over the 2009-10 winter. An important finding is that for all countries which participated in 2008-9, winter losses in 2009-10 were found to be substantially higher. In 2009-10, winter losses in South East Europe were at such a low level that the factors causing the losses in other parts of Europe were absent, or at a level which did not affect colony survival. The five provinces of China, which were included in 2009-10, showed very low mean (4%) A. mellifera winter losses. In six Canadian provinces, mean winter losses in 2010 varied between 16-25%, losses in Nova Scotia (40%) being exceptionally high. In most countries and in both monitoring years, hobbyist beekeepers (1-50 colonies) experienced higher losses than practitioners with intermediate beekeeping operations (51-500 colonies). This relationship between scale of beekeeping and extent of losses effect was also observed in 2009-10, but was less pronounced. In Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and Poland, 2008-9 mean winter losses for beekeepers who reported ‘disappeared’ colonies were significantly higher compared to mean winter losses of beekeepers who did not report ‘disappeared’ colonies. Mean 2008-9 winter losses for those beekeepers in the Netherlands who reported symptoms similar to “Colony Collapse Disorder” (CCD), namely: 1. no dead bees in or surrounding the hive while; 2. capped brood was present, were significantly higher than mean winter losses for those beekeepers who reported ‘disappeared’ colonies without the presence of capped brood in the empty hives. In the winter of 2009-10 in the majority of participating countries, beekeepers who reported ‘disappeared’ colonies experienced higher winter losses compared with beekeepers, who experienced winter losses but did not report ‘disappeared’ colonies