Individualisiertes Coaching zur Bewegungsförderung inaktiver Erwachsener: Analyse von Interventionsadhärenz und Dropout während einer sechsmonatigen Kontrollstudie

Hintergrund: Mit individualisierten Bewegungsförderungsprogrammen (Noar et al., 2007), Verhaltensänderungstechniken (Michie et al., 2009) und persönlichem Coaching (Foster et al., 2013) könnte der Zunahme von chronischen Krankheiten (Ekelund, 2012) entgegengewirkt und die Anzahl der weltweit 31.1% körperlich inaktiven Menschen gesenkt werden (WHO, 2010). In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine sechsmonatige, randomisierte Kontrollstudie mit drei unterschiedlichen Coaching-Methoden bezüglich der objektiv gemessenen Interventionsadhärenz und Dropouts untersucht. Methode: 167 inaktive gesunde Erwachsene (M=43.4) wurden den Gruppen A (einmalige schriftliche Empfehlung), B (12 Telefon-Coachings) und C (12 Telefon-Coachings & SMS) randomisiert zugeteilt. Die subjektive Aktivitätssteigerung (Prä- und Posttest) wurde mithilfe des SIMAQ-Fragebogens gemessen. Die objektiv gemessene Interventionsadhärenz wurde anhand der Anzahl Aktionen auf der für alle Probanden zugänglichen interaktiven Homepage untersucht und zusätzlich die Interventionsvollständigkeit ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt verzeichneten die Gruppen B und C nach der sechsmonatigen Interventionsstudie im Vergleich zur Gruppe A eine signifikant höhere Steigerung der selbstberichteten körperlichen Aktivität, signifikant mehr Aktionen auf der Homepage und signifikant weniger Dropout-Fälle. Die Aktionen auf der Homepage moderierten den Zusammenhang der Gruppenzuteilung und der Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität nicht. Auch wurde kein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen den Aktionen auf der Homepage und der Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität nachgewiesen. In keiner der Untersuchungen konnte der Mehrwert der zusätzlichen SMS im Vergleich zu alleinigem Telefon-Coaching bestätigt werden. Diskussion: Die Auswertungen zeigten, dass das telefonbasierte Coaching-Programm „Movingcall“ bisher sehr erfolgreich war und zur Aktivitätssteigerung inaktiver Erwachsener eingesetzt werden könnte

Quantifying activities of daily living impairment in Parkinson’s disease using the Functional Activities Questionnaire

Objective Cognitive-driven activity of daily living (ADL) impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is increasingly discussed as prodromal marker for dementia. Diagnostic properties of assessments for this specifc ADL impairment are sparsely investigated in PD. The ability of the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) for diferentiating between PD patients with normal cognition and with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), according to informant and self-reports, was examined. Global cognitive function in groups with and without mild ADL impairment was compared according to diferent cut-ofs. Methods Multicenter data of 589 patients of an international cohort (CENTRE-PD) were analyzed. Analyses were run separately for informant-rated and self-rated FAQ. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to defne the optimal FAQ cut-of for PD-MCI (≥1), and groups were additionally split according to reported FAQ cut-ofs for PD-MCI in the literature (≥3,≥5). Binary logistic regressions examined the efect of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in PD patients with and without mild ADL impairment. Results Two hundred and twenty-fve (38.2%) patients were classifed as PD-MCI. For all three cut-of values, sensitivity was moderate to low (0.54) with a tendency of higher values for self-reported defcits. For the self-report, the cut-of≥3 showed a signifcant efect of the MoCA (B= −0.31, p=0.003), where FAQ≥3 patients had worse cognition. No efect for group diferences based on informant ratings was detected. Conclusion Our data argue that self-reported ADL impairments assessed by the FAQ show a relation to the severity of cognitive impairment in PD

Effect of large magnetotactic bacteria with polyphosphate inclusions on the phosphate profile of the suboxic zone in the Black Sea

The Black Sea is the world’s largest anoxic basin and a model system for studying processes across redox gradients. In between the oxic surface and the deeper sulfidic waters there is an unusually broad layer of 10–40 m, where neither oxygen nor sulfide are detectable. In this suboxic zone, dissolved phosphate profiles display a pronounced minimum at the upper and a maximum at the lower boundary, with a peak of particulate phosphorus in between, which was suggested to be caused by the sorption of phosphate on sinking particles of metal oxides. Here we show that bacterial polyphosphate inclusions within large magnetotactic bacteria related to the genus Magnetococcus contribute substantially to the observed phosphorus peak, as they contain 26–34% phosphorus compared to only 1–5% in metal-rich particles. Furthermore, we found increased gene expression for polyphosphate kinases by several groups of bacteria including Magnetococcaceae at the phosphate maximum, indicating active bacterial polyphosphate degradation. We propose that large magnetotactic bacteria shuttle up and down within the suboxic zone, scavenging phosphate at the upper and releasing it at the lower boundary. In contrast to a passive transport via metal oxides, this bacterial transport can quantitatively explain the observed phosphate profiles.We are grateful for the competent technical assistance of Ronny Baaske, Christian Burmeister, Christin Laudan and Christian Meeske. We are greatly indebted to Cindy Lee and Bo Barker Jørgensen for providing extremely helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Horst D. Schulz and René Friedland are acknowledged for stimulating discussions on the modeling approach. We thank the captain and the crew of the R/V “Maria S. Merian” for the excellent support on board and the DFG (MSM33) and BMBF (01DK12043) for financing the cruise. The particle analysis was funded by the BMBF (03F0663A). S.B. was funded by a BONUS BLUEPRINT project (03F0679A awarded to KJ; http://blueprint- project.org), supported by BONUS (Art 185), funded jointly by the EU and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). T. S. was funded by the German research foundation (DFG) (awarded to K.J., JU 367/16-1). Metagenome sequencing was done at the Swedish National Genomics Infrastructure (NGI) at SciLifeLab (Sweden).We are grateful for the competent technical assistance of Ronny Baaske, Christian Burmeister, Christin Laudan and Christian Meeske. We are greatly indebted to Cindy Lee and Bo Barker Jørgensen for providing extremely helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Horst D. Schulz and René Friedland are acknowledged for stimulating discussions on the modeling approach. We thank the captain and the crew of the R/V “Maria S. Merian” for the excellent support on board and the DFG (MSM33) and BMBF (01DK12043) for financing the cruise. The particle analysis was funded by the BMBF (03F0663A). S.B. was funded by a BONUS BLUEPRINT project (03F0679A awarded to KJ; http://blueprint- project.org), supported by BONUS (Art 185), funded jointly by the EU and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). T. S. was funded by the German research foundation (DFG) (awarded to K.J., JU 367/16-1). Metagenome sequencing was done at the Swedish National Genomics Infrastructure (NGI) at SciLifeLab (Sweden)

Multiomic studies to improve fruit quality of berry fruits

In this study we are going to use different omic-techniques to analyze fruits of three species of berries such as strawberry, raspberry and black currant. Berry fruit are well appreciated for their delicate flavor and nutraceutical properties, with consumer demand increasing over the last years. Furthermore, climate change and market globalization have made necessary to improve the production while maintaining fruit quality traits. Goodberry project is developping analytical platforms, covering from transcriptomic to metabolites and volatile compounds analysis, to find new factors controlling plant adaptation, fruit production and quality. In this study we implement the metabolomic analysis of strawberry, raspberry and black currant fruits from the 2017 harvest, as well as 2018 harvest during this year. To analyze and compare the data we use multiomic tools and bioinformatics to extract properly conclusion The analyses take different berry cultivars, adapted to diverse environments, were grown in 2017 and 2018 in different latitudes (Germany, France, Norway, Italy, Poland and Scotland). The data comes from a combination of gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC-MS was used to semi-quantify fruit primary metabolome and volatilome. Around 50 key primary metabolites, including sugars and acids, which are fundamental factors influencing fruit taste and 75 volatiles, responsible of the aroma, were identified across the different genotypes and climates. Multivariate statistical approaches allow us to point out the genetic and environmental factors underlying complex metabolic traits involved in fruit quality. Preliminary analysis showed that both climate and genetic factors influence primary metabolite and volatile content, even if the environment seems to have a stronger impact on the first one.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Silac mouse for quantitative proteomics uncovers kindlin-3 as an essential factor for red blood cell function

Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) has become a versatile tool for quantitative, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. Here, we completely label mice with a diet containing either the natural or the 13C6-substituted version of lysine. Mice were labeled over four generations with the heavy diet, and development, growth, and behavior were not affected. MS analysis of incorporation levels allowed for the determination of incorporation rates of proteins from blood cells and organs. The F2 generation was completely labeled in all organs tested. SILAC analysis from various organs lacking expression of β1 integrin, β-Parvin, or the integrin tail-binding protein Kindlin-3 confirmed their absence and disclosed a structural defect of the red blood cell membrane skeleton in Kindlin-3-deficient erythrocytes. The SILAC-mouse approach is a versatile tool by which to quantitatively compare proteomes from knockout mice and thereby determine protein functions under complex in vivo conditions

Application of multiomic technologies to study the environmental impact on berry fruit quality

Berries, such as strawberry, raspberry and black currant, are well appreciated for their delicate flavor and nutraceutical properties, with consumer demand increasing over the last years. However, climate change and market globalization have made necessary to improve the production while maintaining fruit quality traits. Among the EU GoodBerry project’s objetive are develop state-of-the-art analytical platforms, covering from transcriptomic to metabolites and volatile compounds analysis, to find new factors controlling plant adaptation, fruit production and quality and use the data to face climate changes. Here we present the metabolomic analysis of strawberry, raspberry and black currant fruits from the 2017 harvest. Different berry cultivars, adapted to diverse environments, were grown in 2017 and 2018 in different latitudes (Germany, France, Norway, Italy and Poland) combination of spectrometry techniques was used to semi-quantify fruit primary metabolome and volatilome. Around 50 key primary metabolites, including sugars and acids, which are fundamental factors influencing fruit taste and 75 volatiles, responsible of the aroma, were identified across the different genotypes and climates. Multivariate statistical approaches allow us to point out the genetic and environmental factors underlying complex metabolic traits involved in fruit quality.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

How does climate change impact berry fruit quality?

Berry fruits consumption has increased dramatically over the last decade due to its remarkable flavor and well-known health benefits. The demand for high-quality berry fruits and sustainable production methods is increasing globally, challenging breeders to develop modern berry cultivars that fulfill all desired characteristics. Nowadays, to improve fruits sensorial and nutritive characteristics as well as enhanced fruit quality traits and climate change adaptation are the main objectives of breeding programs. Our aim is the identification of metabolic biomarkers associated with climate change, involved in fruit quality by using metabolomic tools. In addition, multivariate statistical analyses were applied to outline the genetic and environmental factors controlling the accumulation of quality-related metabolites, both for the organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of this highly appreciated fruit. To better understand how environment influence fruit metabolome, we study the metabolomic profiles of mature fruit from four raspberry and black currant commercial cultivars grown in different European locations (Germany, Poland, Norway and Scotland). Our result suggests that environment has a strong impact on primary metabolites and volatiles, such us increase in β-ionone due to high radiation in raspberry fruit or vitamin C accumulation according to differences between day and night temperatures in black currant fruits. Besides, both cultivars appear to be better adapted to North Europe growing conditions, for example they favor the accumulation of SSC and organic acids. Further, we corroborate the impact of environmental factors have on fruit flavor and nutritional value and how metabolomic approaches are suitable for assessing fruit quality.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

GDAP1 loss of function inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by altering the actin cytoskeleton

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease 4A is an autosomal-recessive polyneuropathy caused by mutations of ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1), a putative glutathione transferase, which affects mitochondrial shape and alters cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we identify the underlying mechanism. We found that patient-derived motoneurons and GDAP1 knockdown SH-SY5Y cells display two phenotypes: more tubular mitochondria and a metabolism characterized by glutamine dependence and fewer cytosolic lipid droplets. GDAP1 interacts with the actin-depolymerizing protein Cofilin-1 and beta-tubulin in a redox-dependent manner, suggesting a role for actin signaling. Consistently, GDAP1 loss causes less F-actin close to mitochondria, which restricts mitochondrial localization of the fission factor dynamin-related protein 1, instigating tubularity. GDAP1 silencing also disrupts mitochondria-ER contact sites. These changes result in lower mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, explaining the metabolic changes upon GDAP1 loss of function. Together, our findings reconcile GDAP1-associated phenotypes and implicate disrupted actin signaling in CMT4A pathophysiology

The challenges of research data management in cardiovascular science: a DGK and DZHK position paper-executive summary

The sharing and documentation of cardiovascular research data are essential for efficient use and reuse of data, thereby aiding scientific transparency, accelerating the progress of cardiovascular research and healthcare, and contributing to the reproducibility of research results. However, challenges remain. This position paper, written on behalf of and approved by the German Cardiac Society and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, summarizes our current understanding of the challenges in cardiovascular research data management (RDM). These challenges include lack of time, awareness, incentives, and funding for implementing effective RDM; lack of standardization in RDM processes; a need to better identify meaningful and actionable data among the increasing volume and complexity of data being acquired; and a lack of understanding of the legal aspects of data sharing. While several tools exist to increase the degree to which data are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR), more work is needed to lower the threshold for effective RDM not just in cardiovascular research but in all biomedical research, with data sharing and reuse being factored in at every stage of the scientific process. A culture of open science with FAIR research data should be fostered through education and training of early-career and established research professionals. Ultimately, FAIR RDM requires permanent, long-term effort at all levels. If outcomes can be shown to be superior and to promote better (and better value) science, modern RDM will make a positive difference to cardiovascular science and practice. The full position paper is available in the supplementary materials