Chemical characterization, antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of polysaccharide extracts from the selected mushroom species

Polisaharidi gljiva, biljaka i mikroorganizama privlače veliku pažnju zbog svojih interesantnih bioloških svojstava kao što su: antitumorno, antivirusno, antioksidativno, antikomplementarno, antikoagulaciono, hipolipidemijsko dejstvo, kao i imunomodulatorska i imunostimulativna aktivnost, što ih sve čini pogodnim za primenu u mnogim oblastima, među kojima su i prehrambena industrija, kozmetika, biomedicina, poljoprivreda, zaštita životne sredine i otpadnih voda. Oksidativna oštećenja prirodnih i industrijski pripremljenih namirnica predstavljaju veliki ekonomski problem u prehrambenoj industriji, jer direktno utiču na karakteristike kvaliteta kao što su ukus, boja, tekstura i nutritivne vrednosti. Pored toga, može doći do nastanka potencijalno toksičnih proizvoda. Reaktivne vrste kiseonika učestvuju u patofiziologiji različitih kliničkih poremećaja, kao što su: ishemija, reperfuzione povrede, infarkt miokarda, reumatoidni artritis, neurodegenerativni poremećaji, ateroskleroza, hipertenzija, hemoragički šok i dijabetes. Mikrobiološko kvarenje hrane i trovanje hranom su jedan od najvažnijih problema sa kojima se suočava prehrambena industrija. Alimentarne intoksikacije su danas globalni problem. Porast rezistentnosti patogena na poznate lekove stvara potrebu za razvojem novih antimikrobnih agenasa. U ovom radu su proučavana antioksidativna i antimikrobna svojstva polisaharidnih ekstrakata odabranih vrsta gljiva iz klase Basidiomycetes: Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus brasiliensis, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, Phellinus linteus i Trametes versicolor.Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da polisaharidni ekstrakti, dobijeni nakon ekstrakcije vrelom vodom, alkoholne precipitacije i dijalize, predstavljaju smešu/komplekse polisaharida, proteina i fenola...Polysaccharides from mushrooms, plants and microorganisms have received considerable attention due to their biological activities, such as antitumor, antiviral, antioxidation, anticomplementary, anticoagulant, hypolipidemic, immunostimulant and immunological activities, which made them possible to be used in many fields including food, cosmetics, biomedicine, agriculture, environmental protection and wastewater management. Oxidative deterioration in natural and processed foods is a large economic concern in the food industry because it affects many quality characteristics such as flavor, color, texture, and the nutritive value of foods. In addition, its products are potentially toxic. Also, reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various clinical disorders, including ischemia, reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative processes, atherosclerosis, acute hypertension, hemorrhagic shock and diabetes mellitus. Food spoilage and food poisoning are among the most important issues facing the food industry. Foodborne illness is a global problem. Development of novel antibacterial compounds for resistant organisms is becoming critically important. The present study was focused on the researching of possible antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of polysaccharide extracts from the selected Basidiomycetes mushroom species: Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus brasiliensis, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, Phellinus linteus and Trametes versicolor. Based on the analysis, the extracts contained a mixture/complex of polysaccharides, proteins and polyphenols, which were still present in the extracts after hot water treatment, ethanol precipitation and dialysis..

Antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of champignon mushroom

Fruiting bodies of some wild and cultivatable mushrooms contain medicinal compounds which are being used in traditional medicines and cosmetics. Champignon mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is the most widely cultivated species of edible mushroom worldwide. This paper focuses on antioxidant and antimicrobial importance of A bisporus. Water-soluble polysaccharide-enriched fraction was isolated from the dry carpophores of Agaricus bisporus. Antioxidant activities were investigated using in vitro assay systems: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and chelating ability on ferrous ions. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in vitro by disk diffusion method in order to determine the zones of inhibition. At concentrations of 0.1-10 mg/ml, the scavenging abilities of A bisporus ranged between 12.3-75.5 %. The radical scavenging ability of the positive controls-tocopherol and ascorbic acid, at the concentrations of 0.1-20 mg/ml, were between 79.9-80.8 and 80.6-91.1 %, respectively. Polysaccharide extract from A bisporus showed steadily increasing chelating ability as concentrations increased to 88.2 % at 20 mg/ml. The chelating ability of the citric acid was between 7.2-10.7 %, at the concentrations of 0.1-20 mg/ml. The study of antimicrobial potential of polysaccharide extract showed more potent activity against Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49532 (26.7 ± 0.2 mm), Bacillus cereus 10876 (27.5 ± 0.4 mm), Geobacillus stearothermophylus ATCC 7953 (22.8 ± 0.3 mm) than Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 35032 (10.4 ± 0.6 mm), Proteus hauseri ATCC 13315 (12.1 ± 0.1 mm) Escherichia coli (0157:H7) 35150 (12.7 ± 0.4 mm) with exception of Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736 (22.3 ± 0.2 mm)

Antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of champignon mushroom

Fruiting bodies of some wild and cultivatable mushrooms contain medicinal compounds which are being used in traditional medicines and cosmetics. Champignon mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is the most widely cultivated species of edible mushroom worldwide. This paper focuses on antioxidant and antimicrobial importance of A bisporus. Water-soluble polysaccharide-enriched fraction was isolated from the dry carpophores of Agaricus bisporus. Antioxidant activities were investigated using in vitro assay systems: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and chelating ability on ferrous ions. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in vitro by disk diffusion method in order to determine the zones of inhibition. At concentrations of 0.1-10 mg/ml, the scavenging abilities of A bisporus ranged between 12.3-75.5 %. The radical scavenging ability of the positive controls-tocopherol and ascorbic acid, at the concentrations of 0.1-20 mg/ml, were between 79.9-80.8 and 80.6-91.1 %, respectively. Polysaccharide extract from A bisporus showed steadily increasing chelating ability as concentrations increased to 88.2 % at 20 mg/ml. The chelating ability of the citric acid was between 7.2-10.7 %, at the concentrations of 0.1-20 mg/ml. The study of antimicrobial potential of polysaccharide extract showed more potent activity against Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49532 (26.7 ± 0.2 mm), Bacillus cereus 10876 (27.5 ± 0.4 mm), Geobacillus stearothermophylus ATCC 7953 (22.8 ± 0.3 mm) than Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 35032 (10.4 ± 0.6 mm), Proteus hauseri ATCC 13315 (12.1 ± 0.1 mm) Escherichia coli (0157:H7) 35150 (12.7 ± 0.4 mm) with exception of Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736 (22.3 ± 0.2 mm)

ANTIOXIDATIVE AND IMMUNOMODULATING POTENTIAL OF THE MUSHROOM Phellinus linteus

Phellinus linteus is a popular medicinal mushroom that is widely used in Asian countries. A number of studies have confirmed that P. linteus possesses exceptional biological potential useful for pharmacological applications, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of hot water polysaccharide extract obtained from the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus (Berk. et Curt.) Teng. FT-IR was used to study the polysaccharide profile of the extract. Its antioxidant potential was measured by the conjugated diene method in the linoleic acid model system. Immunomodulation was tested in vitro by measuring the synthesis of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The FT-IR spectrum of P. linteus hot water extracted polysaccharides showed a typical carbohydrate pattern. A small amount of proteins was also observed with characteristic absorptions at 1635, 1540 and 1412 cm-1 . Measurements of antioxidant properties in linoleic acid model system revealed relatively high antioxidant activity with EC50 value of 7.11 mg/mL. After 48 h of P. linteus polysaccharide extract incubation, the IFN-γ titer displayed immunosuppressive effect, 32.6 pg/mL. The IFN-γ titer for the suspension of PBMCs in PBS, which was used as a positive control, was found to be 135.2 pg/mL. Differences in IFN- γ contents in P. linteus extract vs. model control were strongly significant (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the polysaccharide extract of P. linteus acts as a natural antioxidant and possesses immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, it can be a suitable raw material for the development of antioxidant food additives. In addition, due to the possible immunosuppressive effect P. linteus polysaccharide extract is particularly interesting and could find application in suppression of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis

T-cell subpopulations αβ and γδ in cord blood of very preterm infants : The influence of intrauterine infection

Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are creditedPreterm infants are very susceptible to infections. Immune response mechanisms in this group of patients and factors that influence cord blood mononuclear cell populations remain poorly understood and are considered insufficient. However, competent immune functions of the cord blood mononuclear cells are also described. The aim of this work was to evaluate the T-cell population (CD3+) with its subpopulations bearing T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ or TCR γδ in the cord blood of preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation by mothers with or without an intrauterine infection. Being a pilot study, it also aimed at feasibility check and assessment of an expected effect size. The cord blood samples of 46 infants age were subjected to direct immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies and then analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of CD3+ cells in neonates born by mothers with diagnosis of intrauterine infection was significantly lower than in neonates born by mothers without infection (p = 0.005; Mann-Whitney U test). The number of cells did not differ between groups. Infection present in the mother did not have an influence on the TCR αβ or TCR γδ subpopulations. Our study contributes to a better understanding of preterm infants' immune mechanisms, and sets the stage for further investigations.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities

Review aricleGanoderma genus comprises one of the most commonly studied species worldwide, G. lucidum. However, other Ganoderma species have been also reported as important sources of bioactive compounds. Polysaccharides are important contributors to the medicinal properties reported for Ganoderma species, as demonstrated by the numerous publications, including reviews, on this matter. Yet, what are the chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides that have bioactivity? In the present manuscript, the chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with reported antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities (the most studied worldwide) are analyzed in detail. The composition of sugars (homo- versus hetero-glucans and other polysaccharides), type of glycosidic linkages, branching patterns, and linkage to proteins are discussed. Methods for extraction, isolation and identification are evaluated and, finally, the bioactivity of polysaccharidic extracts and purified compounds are discussed. The integration of data allows deduction of structure-activity relationships and gives clues to the chemical aspects involved in Ganoderma bioactivity