Nodding syndrome may be an autoimmune reaction to the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus

Nodding Syndrome (NS) is an epileptic disorder of unknown etiology that occurs in children in East Africa. There is an epidemiological association with Onchocerca volvulus, the parasite that causes onchocerciasis, but there is limited evidence that the parasite itself is neuroinvasive. We hypothesized that NS was an autoimmune-mediated disease, and using protein chip methodology, we detected autoantibodies to leiomodin-1 from patients with NS as compared to unaffected village controls. Leiomodin-1 autoantibodies were found in both the sera and cerebral spinal fluid from patients. Leiomodin-1 was found to be expressed in mature and developing human neurons in vitro and localized to the murine CA3 region of the hippocampus, Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and cortical neurons, structures that also appear to be affected in patients with NS. Antibodies targeting leiomodin-1 were neurotoxic in vitro and leiomodin-1 antibodies purified from patients with NS were cross-reactive to O. volvulus antigens. This study provides initial evidence supporting the hypothesis that NS is an autoimmune epileptic disorder caused by molecular mimicry with O. volvulus and suggests that patients may benefit from immune-modulatory therapie

Formation of m2G6 in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii tRNA catalyzed by the novel methyltransferase Trm14

The modified nucleosides N2-methylguanosine and N22-dimethylguanosine in transfer RNA occur at five positions in the D and anticodon arms, and at positions G6 and G7 in the acceptor stem. Trm1 and Trm11 enzymes are known to be responsible for several of the D/anticodon arm modifications, but methylases catalyzing post-transcriptional m2G synthesis in the acceptor stem are uncharacterized. Here, we report that the MJ0438 gene from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii encodes a novel S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase, now identified as Trm14, which generates m2G at position 6 in tRNACys. The 381 amino acid Trm14 protein possesses a canonical RNA recognition THUMP domain at the amino terminus, followed by a γ-class Rossmann fold amino-methyltransferase catalytic domain featuring the signature NPPY active site motif. Trm14 is associated with cluster of orthologous groups (COG) 0116, and most closely resembles the m2G10 tRNA methylase Trm11. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a canonical archaeal/bacterial evolutionary separation with 20–30% sequence identities between the two branches, but it is likely that the detailed functions of COG 0116 enzymes differ between the archaeal and bacterial domains. In the archaeal branch, the protein is found exclusively in thermophiles. More distantly related Trm14 homologs were also identified in eukaryotes known to possess the m2G6 tRNA modification

Фінансовий аналіз і перспективи стратегічної карти результатів

The development of the market requires from the investors the usage of tools that enable to invest the own and borrowed capital effectively. The managers try to apply the methods allowing to determine the inherent direction for the enterprises. The strategic card of the results becomes more popular within the management improvements. While its applying the managers try to prove that the current and future financial state of the enterprise will be fine. Rozwój rynku kapitałowego wymusza na inwestorach stosowanie narzędzi, które pozwolą efektywnie lokować ich własne lub powierzone kapitały. Menedżerowie starają się więc stosować metody, które pozwalają wytyczyć właściwy kierunek dla zarządzanych przedsiębiorstw. W ramach usprawniania zarządzania coraz większą popularność zdobywa strategiczna karta wyników. Menedżerowie przy jej zastosowaniu starają się wykazać, że bieżąca i przyszła kondycja finansowa przedsiębiorstwa będzie dobra.Розвиток ринку вимагає від інвесторів використання інструментів, які дозволяють ефективно розміщувати власний і залучений капітал. Менеджери намагаються застосовувати методи, які дозволяють визначити властивий напрям для підприємств. У межах удосконалення управління щоразу більшої популярності набуває стратегічна карта результатів. Менеджери при її використанні намагаються довести, що поточний і майбутній фінансовий стан підприємства буде добрим

Countering the voltage failure development with SVC Systems

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań modelowych, mających na celu analizy zachowania się kompensatorów statycznych SVC w systemie elektroenergetycznym. Podstawowym stanem, który analizowano, było zachowanie się kompensatorów zainstalowanych w wybranych węzłach systemu w czasie awarii napięciowej. W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane wyniki przeprowadzonych badań w ramach realizacji prac.The article presents the results of the model tests which study the behaviour of SVC's in the electrical power system. The basic state analysed has been the behaviour of the compensators installed in selected nodes of the system during a voltage failure. The article presents the selected results of the tests completed during the research

The conception of election lecture logistic controlling on management course of University of Economics in Wroclaw

In 2007 year was introduced at University of Economy in Wroclaw election lecture "Logistic controlling". This lecture presents in Management course within specialty Logistic. In this article there are presented the target of introduction of lecture, plan of lecture and themes are realized in within the limits of lecture. The main part of lecture presents costs of logistic, budget of costs of logistic and tools of logistic controlling