Higher-order organisation of extremely amplified, potentially functional and massively methylated 5S rDNA in European pikes (Esox sp.)

Background Pikes represent an important genus (Esox) harbouring a pre-duplication karyotype (2n = 2x = 50) of economically important salmonid pseudopolyploids. Here, we have characterized the 5S ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) in Esox lucius and its closely related E. cisalpinus using cytogenetic, molecular and genomic approaches. Intragenomic homogeneity and copy number estimation was carried out using Illumina reads. The higher-order structure of rDNA arrays was investigated by the analysis of long PacBio reads. Position of loci on chromosomes was determined by FISH. DNA methylation was analysed by methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. Results The 5S rDNA loci occupy exclusively (peri)centromeric regions on 30-38 acrocentric chromosomes in both E. lucius and E. cisalpinus. The large number of loci is accompanied by extreme amplification of genes (>20,000 copies), which is to the best of our knowledge one of the highest copy number of rRNA genes in animals ever reported. Conserved secondary structures of predicted 5S rRNAs indicate that most of the amplified genes are potentially functional. Only few SNPs were found in genic regions indicating their high homogeneity while intergenic spacers were more heterogeneous and several families were identified. Analysis of 10-30 kb-long molecules sequenced by the PacBio technology (containing about 40% of total 5S rDNA) revealed that the vast majority (96%) of genes are organised in large several kilobase-long blocks. Dispersed genes or short tandems were less common (4%). The adjacent 5S blocks were directly linked, separated by intervening DNA and even inverted. The 5S units differing in the intergenic spacers formed both homogeneous and heterogeneous (mixed) blocks indicating variable degree of homogenisation between the loci. Both E. lucius and E. cisalpinus 5S rDNA was heavily methylated at CG dinucleotides. Conclusions Extreme amplification of 5S rRNA genes in the Esox genome occurred in the absence of significant pseudogenisation suggesting its recent origin and/or intensive homogenisation processes. The dense methylation of units indicates that powerful epigenetic mechanisms have evolved in this group of fish to silence amplified genes. We discuss how the higher-order repeat structures impact on homogenisation of 5S rDNA in the genome

Reperfusion therapy for ST elevation acute myocardial infarction 2010/2011: current status in 37 ESC countries

Aims Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the preferred reperfusion therapy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We conducted this study to evaluate the contemporary status on the use and type of reperfusion therapy in patients admitted with STEMI in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) member countries. Methods and results A cross-sectional descriptive study based on aggregated country-level data on the use of reperfusion therapy in patients admitted with STEMI during 2010 or 2011. Thirty-seven ESC countries were able to provide data from existing national or regional registries. In countries where no such registries exist, data were based on best expert estimates. Data were collected on the use of STEMI reperfusion treatment and mortality, the numbers of cardiologists, and the availability of PPCI facilities in each country. Our survey provides a brief data summary of the degree of variation in reperfusion therapy across Europe. The number of PPCI procedures varied between countries, ranging from 23 to 884 per million inhabitants. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolysis were the dominant reperfusion strategy in 33 and 4 countries, respectively. The mean population served by a single PPCI centre with a 24-h service 7 days a week ranged from 31 300 inhabitants per centre to 6 533 000 inhabitants per centre. Twenty-seven of the total 37 countries participated in a former survey from 2007, and major increases in PPCI utilization were observed in 13 of these countries. Conclusion Large variations in reperfusion treatment are still present across Europe. Countries in Eastern and Southern Europe reported that a substantial number of STEMI patients are not receiving any reperfusion therapy. Implementation of the best reperfusion therapy as recommended in the guidelines should be encourage

An Application for Distribution of Work Orders Based on Google Cloud Messaging Service

U ovom radu opisane su neke mogućnosti servisa Google Cloud Messaging koji se danas vrlo često koristi pri prosljeđivanju manjeg broja podataka ili obavijesti između poslužitelja i klijentskih aplikacija. Za demonstraciju je izrađena WOApp aplikacija koja koristi GCM servis za prosljeđivanje radnih naloga serviserima na terenu. Aplikacija se sastoji od poslužitelja te klijentske aplikacije za Android OS koji komuniciraju pomoću GCM servisa. WOApp poslužitelj šalje radni nalog GCM poslužitelju koji ga nakon obrade šalje klijentskim aplikacijama. Nakon što klijentska Android aplikacija zaprimi novi radni nalog, prikazuje ga u obliku obavijesti na uređaju.This thesis describes some of the abilities of Google Cloud Messaging service, which is often used to forward a smaller amount of data or notifications between servers and client applications. A WOApp application is made for a demonstration and it is using the GCM service for forwarding work orders to servicers on terrain. The application is composed of server and client application for the Android OS which communicate with the GCM service. The WOApp server sends a work order to the GCM server which sends it to client applications after processing. After the client Android application receives a new work order, it represents it as a notification on the device

A mobile application for getting information about movies

U ovom radu su opisani problemi koji mogu nastati prilikom implementacije aplikacija za sustav Android korištenjem programskog jezika Java 8. Kao rješenje za taj problem, detaljno je opisan radni okvir RxJava koji predstavlja implementaciju radnog okvira Reactive Extensions u programskom jeziku Java. Navedene su neke od glavnih prednosti te mogućnosti koje pruža. Za demonstraciju korištenja radnog okvira RxJava, izrađena je i dokumentirana mobilna aplikacija MovieApp za sustav Android koja u svojoj pozadini intenzivno koristi taj radni okvir. Aplikacija pruža detaljne informacije o filmovima te pravodobno obavještava korisnika o novim filmovima koji pripadaju u njegove preferirane žanrove.This thesis describes the problems that can occur during the implementation of application for Android system using Java 8 programming language. As solution for pre-mentioned problems, RxJava - that represents the implementation of Reactive Extentions framework in Java programming language - is described in details. The thesis contains description of some of the most important adventages and opportunities which it provides. For usage demonstration of the RxJava framework, it is developed and documented mobile application MovieApp for Android platform that is intensively using that framework in background. Application provides detailed informations about movies and notifies user on time about new films belonging to his preferred genres

An Application for Distribution of Work Orders Based on Google Cloud Messaging Service

U ovom radu opisane su neke mogućnosti servisa Google Cloud Messaging koji se danas vrlo često koristi pri prosljeđivanju manjeg broja podataka ili obavijesti između poslužitelja i klijentskih aplikacija. Za demonstraciju je izrađena WOApp aplikacija koja koristi GCM servis za prosljeđivanje radnih naloga serviserima na terenu. Aplikacija se sastoji od poslužitelja te klijentske aplikacije za Android OS koji komuniciraju pomoću GCM servisa. WOApp poslužitelj šalje radni nalog GCM poslužitelju koji ga nakon obrade šalje klijentskim aplikacijama. Nakon što klijentska Android aplikacija zaprimi novi radni nalog, prikazuje ga u obliku obavijesti na uređaju.This thesis describes some of the abilities of Google Cloud Messaging service, which is often used to forward a smaller amount of data or notifications between servers and client applications. A WOApp application is made for a demonstration and it is using the GCM service for forwarding work orders to servicers on terrain. The application is composed of server and client application for the Android OS which communicate with the GCM service. The WOApp server sends a work order to the GCM server which sends it to client applications after processing. After the client Android application receives a new work order, it represents it as a notification on the device

A mobile application for getting information about movies

U ovom radu su opisani problemi koji mogu nastati prilikom implementacije aplikacija za sustav Android korištenjem programskog jezika Java 8. Kao rješenje za taj problem, detaljno je opisan radni okvir RxJava koji predstavlja implementaciju radnog okvira Reactive Extensions u programskom jeziku Java. Navedene su neke od glavnih prednosti te mogućnosti koje pruža. Za demonstraciju korištenja radnog okvira RxJava, izrađena je i dokumentirana mobilna aplikacija MovieApp za sustav Android koja u svojoj pozadini intenzivno koristi taj radni okvir. Aplikacija pruža detaljne informacije o filmovima te pravodobno obavještava korisnika o novim filmovima koji pripadaju u njegove preferirane žanrove.This thesis describes the problems that can occur during the implementation of application for Android system using Java 8 programming language. As solution for pre-mentioned problems, RxJava - that represents the implementation of Reactive Extentions framework in Java programming language - is described in details. The thesis contains description of some of the most important adventages and opportunities which it provides. For usage demonstration of the RxJava framework, it is developed and documented mobile application MovieApp for Android platform that is intensively using that framework in background. Application provides detailed informations about movies and notifies user on time about new films belonging to his preferred genres

An Application for Distribution of Work Orders Based on Google Cloud Messaging Service

U ovom radu opisane su neke mogućnosti servisa Google Cloud Messaging koji se danas vrlo često koristi pri prosljeđivanju manjeg broja podataka ili obavijesti između poslužitelja i klijentskih aplikacija. Za demonstraciju je izrađena WOApp aplikacija koja koristi GCM servis za prosljeđivanje radnih naloga serviserima na terenu. Aplikacija se sastoji od poslužitelja te klijentske aplikacije za Android OS koji komuniciraju pomoću GCM servisa. WOApp poslužitelj šalje radni nalog GCM poslužitelju koji ga nakon obrade šalje klijentskim aplikacijama. Nakon što klijentska Android aplikacija zaprimi novi radni nalog, prikazuje ga u obliku obavijesti na uređaju.This thesis describes some of the abilities of Google Cloud Messaging service, which is often used to forward a smaller amount of data or notifications between servers and client applications. A WOApp application is made for a demonstration and it is using the GCM service for forwarding work orders to servicers on terrain. The application is composed of server and client application for the Android OS which communicate with the GCM service. The WOApp server sends a work order to the GCM server which sends it to client applications after processing. After the client Android application receives a new work order, it represents it as a notification on the device

A mobile application for getting information about movies

U ovom radu su opisani problemi koji mogu nastati prilikom implementacije aplikacija za sustav Android korištenjem programskog jezika Java 8. Kao rješenje za taj problem, detaljno je opisan radni okvir RxJava koji predstavlja implementaciju radnog okvira Reactive Extensions u programskom jeziku Java. Navedene su neke od glavnih prednosti te mogućnosti koje pruža. Za demonstraciju korištenja radnog okvira RxJava, izrađena je i dokumentirana mobilna aplikacija MovieApp za sustav Android koja u svojoj pozadini intenzivno koristi taj radni okvir. Aplikacija pruža detaljne informacije o filmovima te pravodobno obavještava korisnika o novim filmovima koji pripadaju u njegove preferirane žanrove.This thesis describes the problems that can occur during the implementation of application for Android system using Java 8 programming language. As solution for pre-mentioned problems, RxJava - that represents the implementation of Reactive Extentions framework in Java programming language - is described in details. The thesis contains description of some of the most important adventages and opportunities which it provides. For usage demonstration of the RxJava framework, it is developed and documented mobile application MovieApp for Android platform that is intensively using that framework in background. Application provides detailed informations about movies and notifies user on time about new films belonging to his preferred genres

Eight new species of Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 from Africa and Asia (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Volume: 8Start Page: 87End Page: 11

Revision of family Chaerilidae (Scorpiones), with descriptions of three new species

Volume: 7Start Page: 38End Page: 7