Etude ethnopharmacologique des medicaments a base de plantes utilises par les tradipraticiens pour le traitement du diabete et de l’hypertension dans quelques communes du Benin

La médecine traditionnelle constitue une part importante et souvent sous-estimée dans la prévention et la guérison de nombreuses maladies. Elle est beaucoup plus utilisée dans les pays en voie de développement pour soulager les patients atteints de maladies chroniques. Ainsi, le but de cette étude est de contribuer à la valorisation des médicaments à base de plantes utilisés par les tradipraticiens pour le traitement du diabète et de l’hypertension dans les Communes de Adjohoun, Dangbo, Bonou, Porto-Novo, Akpro-Missereté, d’Abomey-Calavi et de Dassa-Zoumé. La méthodologie est basée sur des enquêtes ethnopharmacologiques réalisées à l’aide de questionnaires auprès des tradipraticiens des Communes. Au total, 109 médicaments à base de plantes ont été recensés dont 52 pour le diabète et 57 pour l’hypertension. Les feuilles (47,4%) sont les organes les plus utilisés. La décoction (61,5%) est le mode de préparation le plus sollicité et l’administration se fait majoritairement par voie orale. Toutes les informations recueillies permettront de sélectionner les cinq médicaments à base de plantes les plus proposés par les tradipraticiens pour chaque maladie afin d’évaluer l’efficacité thérapeutique et l’innocuité de ces médicaments à base de plantes. English title: Ethnopharmacological study of phytomedicines used by traditional healers for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension in some municipalities of Benin Abstract Traditional medicine is an important and often underestimated part in the prevention and cure of many diseases. It is used much more in developing countries to treat patients with chronic diseases. Thus, the aim of this study is to contribute to the enhancement of herbal medicines used by traditional healers for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension in the municipalities of Adjohoun, Dangbo, Bonou, Porto-Novo, Akpro-Missereté , Abomey-Calavi and Dassa-Zoumé. The methodology is based on ethnopharmacological surveys carried out using questionnaire from traditional healers in the Municipalities. A total of 109 herbal medicines have been identified, including 52 for diabetes and 57 for hypertension. The leaves (47.4%) are the most used organs. A decoction (61.5%) is the most popular method of preparation and administration is mainly by oral route. All the information gathered will help to select the five herbal medicines most used by traditional healers for each disease in order to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of these herbal medicines. Keywords: Therapeutic, Decoction, Prevention, Efficacy, Safet

Bioactivity of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf and Cymbopogon nardus (L.) W. Watson from Benin against Dinoderus porcellus Lesne (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) infesting yam chips

Dinoderus porcellus L. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a most abundant and damageable pest of stored yam chips in West Africa. In view of the negative effects related to the use of synthetic chemical insecticide, it is important to develop alternative eco-friendly methods of control, such as the use of plant essential oils. The chemical composition and biological effects (repellent, antifeedant, contact and fumigant toxicity) of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf and Cymbopogon nardus (L.) W. Watson were evaluated for the first time against D. porcellus. The chemical composition of C. citratus essential oil revealed that neral (24.64%), geranial (23.46%), and beta-pinene (21.90%) were the predominant compounds whereas citronellal (37.87%), nerol (19.88%) and citronellol (9.11%) were identified in C. nardus essential oil. Data showed that both essential oils were more effective as repellents and fumigant than the commercial insecticide Actellic 50 EC. The results also revealed the low contact toxicity of C. citratus and C. nardus essential oils against D. porcellus. However, similarly to Actellic 50 EC, C. citratus essential oil presented good antifeedant activity against D. porcellus and reduced yam chips weight loss. The results obtained suggest the good potential of C. citratus as both antifeedant and fumigant toxic agent against D. porcellus. While, C. nardus essential oil could be recommended as repellent. However, further studies are required to evaluate the insecticidal activity of both Cymbopogon essential oils under farmers’ storage conditions and to develop a good formulation as biopesticide

Insulin-based strategies to prevent hypoglycaemia during and after exercise in adult patients with type 1 diabetes on pump therapy: the DIABRASPORT randomized study

Aims: To validate strategies to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycaemia via insulin-dose adjustment in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on pump therapy. Methods: A total of 20 patients randomly performed four 30-min late post-lunch (3 h after lunch) exercise sessions and a rest session: two moderate sessions [ 50% maximum oxygen consumption (VO(2)max)] with 50 or 80% basal rate (BR) reduction during exercise+2 h and two intense sessions (75% VO2max) with 80% BR reduction or with their pump stopped. Two additional early post-lunch sessions (90 min after lunch) were analysed to compare hypoglycaemia incidence for BR reduction versus bolus reduction. Results: In all, 100 late post-lunch sessions were analysed. Regardless of exercise type and BR reduction, no more hypoglycaemic events occurred in the period until the next morning than occurred after the rest sessions. In the afternoon, no more hypoglycaemic events occurred with 80% BR reduction/moderate exercise or with pump discontinuation/intense exercise than for the rest session, whereas more hypoglycaemic events occurred with 50% BR reduction/moderate exercise and 80% BR reduction/intense exercise. After early post-lunch exercise (n=37), a trend towards fewer hypoglycaemic episodes was observed with bolus reduction versus BR reduction (p=0.07). Mean blood glucose fell by similar to 3.3 mmol/l after 30min of exercise, irrespective of dose reduction, remaining stable until the next morning with no rebound hyperglycaemia. Conclusion: In adults with T1D, to limit the hypoglycaemic risk associated with 30 min of exercise 3 h after lunch, without carbohydrate supplements, the best options seem to be to reduce BR by 80% or to stop the pump for moderate or intense exercise, or for moderate exercise 90 min after lunch, to reduce the prandial bolus rather than the BR