2,533 research outputs found

    Eduquer les fils de planteurs pour qu’ils nourrissent la planùte

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    Le dĂ©veloppement ne s’improvise pas. Il n’est non plus l’aboutissement heureux d’un ensemble de pas hasardeux. C’est un tout harmonieux qui se construit, dont la fondation est l’éducation. Celle-ci vise Ă  donner les compĂ©tences pour rĂ©pondre Ă  ses besoins. Pourtant, le systĂšme Ă©ducatif hĂ©ritĂ© de la France n’a pas permis aux pays francophones d’Afrique subsaharienne de se dĂ©velopper. Il convient alors que ces Etats se bĂątissent un systĂšme tenant compte de leurs valeurs, leurs aspirations et l’environnement dans lequel Ă©voluent leurs populations. D’oĂč la proposition d’un systĂšme Ă©ducatif Ă©clectique alliant les points forts des systĂšmes traditionnel africain et occidental. Il permettra Ă  ces pays Ă  vocation agricole de prendre leur essor en 2050

    Sector organization, governance, and the inefficiency of African water utilities

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    The authors analyze the determinants of the efficiency levels reached by twenty one African water utilities. They assess efficiency through the estimation of a production frontier for the sector in Africa. The efficiency estimates confirm much of the common perceptions from partial productivity indicators. They point to a great heterogeneity in the African water utilities'performances, the predominance of constant returns to scale, and the great rate of technological progress. And the authors show that the institutional capacity of the country, as well as its governance quality, are significant driving factors in the performance of each firm.Water and Industry,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water Conservation,Decentralization,Health Economics&Finance,Town Water Supply and Sanitation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions,Water and Industry,Health Economics&Finance

    Firm Location Decisions and Information Needs

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    A significant portion of Georgia's economic development policy is targeted towards attracting businesses to locate in Georgia. In this process, businesses weigh their alternatives and select a location based on certain criteria. In order for businesses to accurately assess location alternatives, they must have appropriate information to assist in their decision process. In Georgia, a portion of this information comes from the Department of Industry, Trade and Tourism, and/or another economic development entity within the state. There is a gap in our knowledge, however, about how business prospects considering a location in Georgia perceive both the information that Georgia provides and the incentives that are offered in actual economic development deals. Business prospects include not only actual firms, but also the group of professional site location consultants around the country. In order to place Georgia in its most competitive position as well as to provide the most useful information to business prospects, it is important to understand the viewpoint of business prospects and the prospecting community in their business location decision process. This report documents the information needs of businesses seeking to relocate and perceptions of the usefulness of information provided in that process. Report #9

    Activity of glucose oxidase functionalized onto magnetic nanoparticles

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    BACKGROUND: Magnetic nanoparticles have been significantly used for coupling with biomolecules, due to their unique properties. METHODS: Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous chloride using two different base solutions. Glucose oxidase was bound to the particles by direct attachment via carbodiimide activation or by thiophene acetylation of magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the size and structure of the particles while the binding of glucose oxidase to the particles was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: The direct binding of glucose oxidase via carbodiimide activity was found to be more effective, resulting in bound enzyme efficiencies between 94–100% while thiophene acetylation was 66–72% efficient. Kinetic and stability studies showed that the enzyme activity was more preserved upon binding onto the nanoparticles when subjected to thermal and various pH conditions. The overall activity of glucose oxidase was improved when bound to magnetic nanoparticles CONCLUSION: Binding of enzyme onto magnetic nanoparticles via carbodiimide activation is a very efficient method for developing bioconjugates for biological application

    CaractĂ©risation Physico-Chimique Des Eaux De Surface Dans Un Environnement Minier Du Centre-Ouest De La CĂŽte d’Ivoire : Cas Du DĂ©partement De Divo

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    Les ressources en eaux de surface du dĂ©partement de Divo sont soumises Ă  de fortes pressions anthropiques suscitĂ©es par le dĂ©veloppement. Pour ce faire, cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer les caractĂ©ristiques physico-chimiques des eaux du dĂ©partement et celles situĂ©es Ă  proximitĂ© des sites miniers. A cet effet, treize paramĂštres physicochimiques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s. Ce sont les ions majeurs (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na+ , K + , Cl - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - ), pH, Eh, tempĂ©rature, turbiditĂ©, conductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique (EC) et NO3 - . Les ions analysĂ©s et les paramĂštres de terrain ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s aux normes des eaux brutes. Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s d’une part Ă  l’aide de la mĂ©thode hydrochimique (diagramme de piper) pour dĂ©terminer la typologie des eaux et d’autre part Ă  l’aide de l’analyse statistique multivariĂ©e (l’Analyses en Composantes Principales NormĂ©e (ACPN)), pour mettre en Ă©vidence l’origine de la minĂ©ralisation des eaux. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que la plupart des eaux sont voisines de la neutralitĂ©. Les concentrations en nitrates sont parfois Ă©levĂ©es, elles ont pour valeur maximale 164,8 mg/l. Les eaux sont moyennement minĂ©ralisĂ©es avec une conductivitĂ© moyenne de 608,4 S/cm. Les eaux Ă  proximitĂ© des sites d’exploitation industriels sont les plus minĂ©ralisĂ©es. Ces eaux sont fortement caractĂ©risĂ©es par un hydrofaciĂšs de type chlorurĂ© calcique et magnĂ©sien. Les phĂ©nomĂšnes Ă  l’origine de la minĂ©ralisation des eaux de Divo sont essentiellement liĂ©s Ă  l’agriculture et aux rejets urbains. Cette Ă©tude nous a permis de caractĂ©riser les paramĂštres physico-chimiques des eaux de surface du dĂ©partement. Une Ă©tude plus dĂ©taillĂ©e doit ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©e afin de caractĂ©riser avec prĂ©cision l’origine de la minĂ©ralisation des eaux. The surface water resources of Divo’s department are subjected to strong anthropic pressures caused by the development. With this intention, this study was initiated to determine the physicochemical characteristics of water of the department and those located near the sites mines. To this end, thirteen physicochemical parameters were studied. These are the major ions (Ca 2+ , Mg2+ , Na + , K + , Cl - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - ), pH, Eh, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC) and NO3 - . The analyzed ions and the field parameters were compared with the standards raw water. The results were treated on the one hand using the hydrochemic method (diagram of piper) to determine the typology of water and on the other hand using the multivariate statistical analysis (Normed Principal component Analysis (NPCA) to underline the origin of the mineralization of water. The results show that most of the waters are close to neutrality. The nitrate concentrations are sometimes high, they have as a maximum value 164.8 mg/l. water is moderately mineralized with an average conductivity of 608.4 ”S/cm. water near the mining sites is the most mineralized. This water is strongly characterized by a hydrofacies of the calcic and magnesian chlorinated type. The phenomena behind the mineralization of water of Divo are mainly linked to agriculture and urban rejections. This study enabled us to characterize the physicochemical parameters of surface water of the department. A more detailed study must be carried out in order to characterize precisely the origin of the mineralization of water

    Evaluation de la connaissance et utilisation des variĂ©tĂ©s de piment (Capsicum) cultivĂ©es en CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    Cette étude a été entreprise pour répertorier et décrire les différentes variétés de piment consommées en Côte d’Ivoire en vue de leur valorisation. Un questionnaire a permis de recueillir des renseignements sur la connaissance et les différentes formes d’usages du piment. Les variétés de Capsicum étudiées sont connues à 98% aussi bien par les femmes, les hommes que par les différents groupes ethniques. Les 2 espèces cultivées et retrouvées sur les marchés d’Abidjan sont Capsicum annuum et Capsicum frutescens, réparties en 6 variétés: Capsicum annuum jaune, Capsicum annuum antillais, Capsicum frutescens soudanais, Capsicum frutescens attié, Capsicum frutescens doux et Capsicum frutescens oiseau. Le piment est consommé quotidiennement à 97,16% chez les femmes contre 87% chez les hommes pour ses propriétés nutritionnelle (18%) et sensorielle (15%). Il est consommé et apprécié pour son goût piquant (23%) moyennement fort (32%), suivi de l’arôme (10%). Les sauces sont les modes de consommation les plus fréquentes (30,24%) suivies par les grillades (8,89%). Le piment est aussi connu par les populations pour ses propriétés médicinales. La constipation serait à 23%, l’affection la plus traitée par les variétés de Capsicum, suivie des gastro-entérites (14%). Ces informations recueillies sur le piment font de ce fruit-légume, une ressource agricole à prendre en compte dans tout programme de valorisation des richesses floristiques dont disposent la Côte d’Ivoire.Mots clés: Capsicum, piment, épice, propriété sensorielle, propriété médicinal

    Flexible resources allocation techniques: characteristics and modelling

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    At the interface between engineering, economics, social sciences and humanities, industrial engineering aims to provide answers to various sectors of business problems. One of these problems is the adjustment between the workload needed by the work to be realised and the availability of the company resources. The objective of this work is to help to find a methodology for the allocation of flexible human resources in industrial activities planning and scheduling. This model takes into account two levers of flexibility, one related to the working time modulation, and the other to the varieties of tasks that can be performed by a given resource (multi–skilled actor). On the one hand, multi–skilled actors will help to guide the various choices of the allocation to appreciate the impact of these choices on the tasks durations. On the other hand, the working time modulation that allows actors to have a work planning varying according to the workload which the company has to face

    A greedy heuristic approach for the project scheduling with labour allocation problem

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    Responding to the growing need of generating a robust project scheduling, in this article we present a greedy algorithm to generate the project baseline schedule. The robustness achieved by integrating two dimensions of the human resources flexibilities. The first is the operators’ polyvalence, i.e. each operator has one or more secondary skill(s) beside his principal one, his mastering level being characterized by a factor we call “efficiency”. The second refers to the working time modulation, i.e. the workers have a flexible time-table that may vary on a daily or weekly basis respecting annualized working strategy. Moreover, the activity processing time is a non-increasing function of the number of workforce allocated to create it, also of their heterogynous working efficiencies. This modelling approach has led to a nonlinear optimization model with mixed variables. We present: the problem under study, the greedy algorithm used to solve it, and then results in comparison with those of the genetic algorithms

    Etude Du Groupement A Afrotrilepis Pilosa (Boeck) J. Raynal Et Sanseviera Liberica Ger.& Labr Des Inselbergs Du Sud-Est De La Cîte D’ivoire

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    Une Ă©tude de caractĂ©risation de la flore de deux inselbergs a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e en zone forestiĂšre de CĂŽte d’Ivoire sur le groupement Ă  Afrotrilepis pilosa et Sanseviera liberica. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est de caractĂ©riser la diversitĂ© vĂ©gĂ©tale du groupement par le biais de l’analyse floristique et celle des types biologiques et phytogĂ©ographiques. L’étude des spectres biologiques a mis en Ă©vidence l’abondance et la dominance des thĂ©rophytes et des chamĂ©phytes. Quant aux spectres des types phytogĂ©ographiques, il a montrĂ© la prĂ©pondĂ©rance de l’élĂ©ment base guinĂ©o-congolais. L’analyse de la diversitĂ© spĂ©cifique a permis de noterque le groupement Ă  Afrotrilepis pilosa est faiblement diversifiĂ© avec une valeur pour les indices de Shannon de 2,78 bits tandis que l’indice de diversitĂ© thĂ©orique est de 5,04 bits. L’indice de Simpson (D) calculĂ© estde 0,27 sa rĂ©ciproque (1-D) est Ă©gale Ă  0,73. La valeur de la rĂ©gularitĂ© traduit une dominance de quelques unes des espĂšces seulement au niveau du recouvrement.Mots clĂ©s : Inselbergs, groupement vĂ©gĂ©tal, diversitĂ© floristique, types biologiques, types phytogĂ©ographiques. A study of characterization of the flora of two inselbergs was conducted in forest zone of CĂŽte d’Ivoire on the grouping to Afrotrilepis pilosa and Sanseviera liberica. The objective of this study was to characterize thevegetable diversity of the grouping by floristic composition, biological and phytogeographical analysis. The study of the biological spectra highlighted the abundance and the predominance of the thĂ©rophytes and the chamephytes. As for the spectra of the phytogeographical types, it showed the preponderance of the element bases guinĂ©o-Congolese. The analysis of specific diversity made it possible to note that the grouping with Afrotrilepis pilosa was slightly diversity with a value for the indices of Shannon of 2.78 bits while the index of theoretical diversity is of 5.04 bits. The index of Simpson (D) calculated is of 0.27 its reciprocal (1-D) is equalto 0.73. The value of the regularity translates a predominance of some of the species only on the level of covering.Key words : Inselbergs, vegetational units, species diversity, life forms, phytogeographical types. Article in French
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