Evaluation de l’activité analgésique de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de Mitracarpus scaber Zucc (Rubiacées), une plante médicinale de Côte d’Ivoire

Le recours constant et même grandissant par les populations économiquement faibles à la pharmacopée traditionnelle n’est plus discutable puisque de nombreuses recettes traditionnelles font et continuent de faire leurs preuves d’efficacité dans plusieurs pathologies comme le paludisme, les infections virales, le cancer, les infections bactériennes et fongiques. C’est dans ce but que notre équipe a étudié l’activité analgésique centrale et périphérique de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de Mitracarpus scaber (EAMS) une plante utilisée en médecinetraditionnelle pour soulager des maux de tête et des douleurs des membres. Nous avons testé les concentrations suivantes : 10 mg/kg de poids corporel (PC); 1 mg/kg PC et 0,1 mg/kg PC du lyophilisat issu du macérât aqueux des feuilles de Mitracarpus scaber sur des souris de type Mus musculus par le test d’Amour et Smith et le writhing test à l’acide acétique. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’extrait de feuilles de Mitracarpus scaber à la dose de 10 mg/kg PC possède d’une part une activité analgésique centrale comparable à celle de la morphine après administration aux souris, et d’autre part une activité analgésique périphérique supérieure à celle du ketoprofène dosé à 10 mg/kg PC. Nos résultats confirment l’utilisation traditionnelle des feuilles deMitracarpus scaber comme analgésique. © 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights reservedMots clés : Extrait de plante, douleur, souris

Update on the current status of onchocerciasis in Cote d’Ivoire following 40 years of intervention: Progress and challenges

Background Onchocerciasis control in Côte d’Ivoire started with aerial insecticide spraying in 1974 and continued with community directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi) from 1992 to the present. Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are co-endemic in 46 of the 81 health districts in the country. Fourteen and 12 districts are endemic for only LF or onchocerciasis, respectively. This paper aims to review the impact of past interventions on onchocerciasis in Côte d’Ivoire between 1975 and 2013, and review plans for disease elimination. Methods We reviewed microfilaria (MF, skin snip) prevalence and community microfilarial load (CMFL) data from published reports from 53 health districts during two major epidemiological assessment periods. Data from 1975 through 1991 provided information on the impact of vector control, and data from 1992 through 2016 provided information on the impact of CDTi. Results Weekly aerial insecticide spraying in 8 endemic districts between 1975 and 1991 reduced the overall MF prevalence by 68.1% from 43.5% to 13.9%. The CMFL also decreased in 7 out of 8 surveyed communities by 95.2% from 9.24 MF/snip to 0.44 MF/snip. Ivermectin distribution started in 1992. The coverage targets for control (65% of the total population) was reached in most endemic districts, and some areas achieved 80% coverage. Two sets of surveys were conducted to assess the impact of CDTi. Results from the first repeat surveys showed a significant decrease in overall MF prevalence (by 75.7%, from 41.6% to 10.1%). The second follow-up evaluation showed further improvement in most endemic districts and also documented major reductions in CMFL compared to baseline. Conclusions Extensive data collected over many years document the very significant impact of interventions conducted by the National Onchocerciasis and other Eyes Diseases Control Programme during challenging times with periods of civil unrest. The Health Ministry has now integrated efforts to control neglected tropical diseases and adopted the goal of onchocerciasis elimination

Effet antihypertensif de BpF2, une fraction d\'extrait aqueux de feuilles de Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) chez le lapin

Les feuilles de Bidens pilosa L. sont largement utilisées dans la pharmacopée traditionnelle. Nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence les effets antihypertensifs de ces feuilles. L'analyse phytochimique révèle que la fraction 2, dénommée BpF2, de l\'extrait aqueux des feuilles de Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), contient des flavonoïdes, des polyphénols et des tanins catéchiques. Pour des doses comprises entre 1 et 25 mg/kg de poids corporel, cette fraction chromatographique induit une hypotension dose-dépendante chez le lapin. Cet effet explique le potentiel antihypertenseur de cette fraction. Ces effets ressemblent à ceux bien connus de l\'acétylcholine (ACh). Toutefois, alors que l\'atropine inhibe totalement l\'hypotension induite par l\'ACh, elle ne reverse que partiellement l\'hypotension provoquée par BpF2. Ces résultats suggèrent fortement la présence de deux types de principes actifs dans cette fraction active BpF2: - les principes actifs cholinomimétiques de type muscarinique, - les principes actifs non cholinomimétiques dont la nature reste à déterminer. La présence de ces substances dans la fraction active pourrait justifier, au moins en partie, l\'utilisation traditionnelle de Bidens pilosa L. contre l\'hypertension artérielle.The fraction 2, called BpF2, of the aqueous extract from Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) leaves, contained flavonoids, polyphenols and catechic tannins. For doses ranging from 1 to 25 mg/kg of body weight, this chromatographic fraction induced a dose-dependent hypotension in the rabbit. This effect explained the antihypertensive potential of the fraction. These effects resembled those well-known of acetylcholine (ACh). However, whereas atropine completely inhibited the effect induced by ACh, its action remained partial on that caused by BpF2. These results suggested the presence of two types of active components in BpF2 fraction. - muscarinic and cholinomimetic activity, - non cholinomimetic activity to be clarified. The study showed at least two hypotensive activities in BpF2 fraction, justifying the traditional use of Bidens pilosa L. against hypertension. Keywords: Bidens pilosa L., acetylcholine, muscarinic cholinomimetic activity, non cholinomimetic activity.Sciences & Nature Vol. 5 (1) 2008: pp. 29-3

Incidence De L’herbicidage Dans Le Désherbage En Culture De Manioc Dans La Région De La Mé, SudEst De La Côte d’Ivoire

La culture du manioc joue depuis longtemps un rôle important dans la diversification des exploitations et l’offre alimentaire en Côte d’Ivoire. Malheureusement, depuis la crise socio-politique de 2010 et l’avènement de la politique de la scolarisation des enfants de moins de 16 ans, la gestion parfaite de l’enherbement dans cette spéculation est devenue un problème majeur. Cette étude vise à évaluer l’incidence de l’utilisation des herbicides sur les caractéristiques socio-économiques du producteur de manioc en Côte d’Ivoire. La collecte des données s’est faite en deux étapes. La première a consisté à effectuer une enquête auprès des producteurs de manioc dans la région de la Mé, situé au Sud-Est du pays et la seconde, à réaliser une expérimentation avec un herbicide à base d’oxyfluorfène sur la variété « bocou 1 » de manioc. L’enquête réalisée relève que la technique de désherbage influe sur la gestion de l’enherbement et sur le profil du producteur. La technique manuelle est la plus pratiquée avec plus 85,44 p.c. L’expérimentation a montré que le désherbage chimique couplé au sarclage avec la machette est le mode de gestion de l’enherbement le plus bénéfique. Un producteur moyen met en moyenne 28 jours pour sarcler un hectare avec la daba, alors que pour le désherbage chimique, une journée et demi-journée suffise. S’agissant du coût des désherbages, le couplage de la technique chimique et la méthode manuelle est le moins coûteux. Cassava cultivation has long time played an important role in the diversification of farms and the food supply in Côte d’Ivoire. Unfortunately, since the socio-political crisis of 2010 and the politic of schooling children under 16 years, the perfect management of weeds in this culture has become a major problem. This study aims to assess the impact of chemical weeding on the socio-economic characteristics of the cassava producer in this country. The data collection was done in two stages. The first was to conduct a survey of cassava producers and the second, to conduct an experiment with an herbicide of the active ingredient “oxyfluorfen” on a cassava variety called “Bocou 1”. The survey shows that the weed control technique affects weed management and the profile of the producers. The manual technique is the most practiced with over 85.44 p.c. The experiment showed also that chemical weeding associated to weeding with the machete is the most beneficial weed management method. The analysis of duration of weeding shows that a farmer takes an average of 28 days to weed a hectare with the daba against one day and half for chemical weeding Regarding the cost of weeding, the coupling of the chemical technique and the manual method is the least expensive

Experimental and DFT Studies on the Behavior of Caffeine as Effective Corrosion Inhibitor of Copper in 1M HNO3

Caffeine was tested as copper corrosion inhibitor in 1M HNO3 using mass loss technique at 308-328K and theoretical studies based on quantum chemistry. The inhibition efficiency is concentration and temperature dependent: Caffeine showed an inhibition efficiency of 78% at 5mM for T =328K. The thermodynamic adsorption parameters ( were determined and analyzed. They revealed a spontaneous adsorption process and a strong interaction between Caffeine and the metal surface. Adsorption isotherms including Langmuir, Temkin and El-Awady were tested. It was found that Caffeine adsorbs on copper according to the modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Dubinin Raduskevitch model was used to distinguish between chemisorption and physisorption. Activation parameters ( were also determined and discussed. Furthermore, the quantum chemical properties/descriptors most relevant to the potential action of the molecule as corrosion inhibitor such as highest occupied molecular energy (EHOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO), energy gap(∆E), dipole moment ( and charges on heteroatoms were calculated using DFT at B3LYP level with 6-31+G (d) and LanL2DZ basis sets. Fukui indices were also determined and discussed. The theoretical results are consistent with the experimental data reported. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i2.80

Effect of sildenafil on erectile dysfunction in spinal Cord injured patients

Background: Erectile dysfunction is a preoccupying issue, just like motor and bladder disability, in spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. This is particularly so because of the increasing prevalence of paraplegic and tetraplegic subjects and the fact that these patients areyounger, and sexually active. Objective: To determine the effects of Sildenafil (Viagra ®) on erectile dysfunction in SCI patients.Methods: After medical ethics committee approval and informed patient consent, we conducted a prospective inquiry between January and March 2007 in 16 SCI patients who were under Sildenafil treatment forerectile dysfunction. An abridged version of the InternationalIndex of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire was completed the patients. Results: The mean age (range) of the patients was32.75 yrs (21-53 yrs). The mean duration of their disability was 47.75 months (4 yr). Trauma was the etiology in 87.5% of the cases (44% were road accidents). 12/16 patients were paraplegics (10 above T10) and 4 were tetraplegics (1 above C4 and 3 below C5). Themean duration of sildenafil treatment was 18.75 months (17 days-7 yr). 70% of the patients were satisfied with their erection after treatment. However, 10/16 patients had concomitant treatment with alprostadil.Conclusion: Sildenafil is a vasoactive drug which can be used as a simple, discrete and effective treatment for erectile dysfunction in SCI patients. This approach is compatible with the efforts to improve the quality of life and rehabilitation of these patients

Anthelmintic Effects of Sericea Lespedeza Hay Fed to Goats Infected With \u3cem\u3eHaemonchus Contortus\u3c/em\u3e

Infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), particularly Haemonchus contortus, is the major hindrance to economic goat production in the southern USA. Grazing forages high in condensed tannins (CT) or adding purified CT to the diet has been shown to reduce numbers of parasite eggs in sheep and goat faeces (Min & Hart, 2003). An alternative to grazing is feeding hay from CT-containing forages to livestock to reduce the effects of GIN (Shaik et al., 2004). The purpose of the current study was to test potential anthelmintic effects of feeding sericea lespedeza [(Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don] hay to goats

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa petal extracts in Wistar rats

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant rich in phytochemical compounds, which is the source of its biological properties. This study on the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa (AEHS) was conducted to assess its hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties.Methods: It was carried out with 25 Wistar rats divided into five groups. Two groups were treated with a solution of NaCl 0.9%. One group was treated with silymarin at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (BW). Two other groups were treated with the AEHS at different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg BW). The treatments were carried out via oral route and at single dose for 7 days. After injection of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), blood samples were collected for the carrying out of biochemical analyses of oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, ferric reduction antioxidant parameter, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hepatotoxicity (albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase).Results: Three major results were obtained. The hepatotoxicity of DNPH expressed by the rats of Group 1 was significantly different (p<0.05) from those of the other groups (control, 2-4) for both hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress markers. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of the AEHS and confirmation of those of silymarin through the rats of Groups 2-4 were statistically identical (p<0.05) to the control group for markers of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.Conclusion: These results confirm and reinforce certain therapeutic virtues of H. sabdariffa

Management of Vesicouterine fistulae during fistulae surgical caravan in Cote d'Ivoire

Background: The urogenital fistula (UGF) which designate a solution of continuity between the urinary and genital tracts in women, are divided into several entities of variable gravity. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients treated for vesicouterine fistula during ‘fistulas surgical caravans’.Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study on a cohort of 34 patients treated for Vesico-uterine fistulae during ‘‘fistulas surgical caravans '' from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2016.Results: Vesico uterine fistulae represented 2.1% of all urogenital fistulae treated. At the time of occurrence of fistulas, the average age of the patients stay was 33.3 years, and the majority was not educated (88.2%), lived in rural areas without occupations (73.5%). All the fistulae were secondary to childbirth, the majority of which took place on a scarred uterus (67.6%). And this childbirth responsible for the fistula was done by caesarean section in 97.7% of cases. Then the average duration of the fistula before management was 6 years. Finally, all the patients were operated by the same surgical technique, made by abdominal extra peritoneal transvesical way. The cure rate after this surgical technique was 97.1% (33 patients). The only case of failure required a second operation by another technique which permitted the healing of the patient.Conclusions: The vesicouterine fistulae were rare and the satisfactory results of their management invite us to sustain these surgical caravans and ensure their widespread