198 research outputs found

    Effects of regional climate change on brown rust disease in winter wheat

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    Projected climate changes will affect wheat crop production both in the main processes of plant growth and development but also in the occurrences and severities of plant diseases. We assessed the potential infection periods of wheat leaf rust (WLR) at two climatologically different sites in Luxembourg. A threshold-based model, taking hourly values of air temperatures, relative humidity and precipitation during night-time into account, was used for calculating favourable WLR infection days during three periods throughout the cropping season. Field experiments were conducted during the 2003–2013 period at the selected sites. Projected climate data, from a multi model ensemble of regional climate models (spatial resolution 25 km) as well as an additional projection with a higher spatial resolution of 1.3 km, were used for investigating the potential WLR infection periods for two future time spans. Results showed that the infections of WLR were satisfactorily simulated during the development of wheat at both sites for the 2003–2013 period. The probabilities of WLR detection were close to 1 and the critical success index ranged from 0.80 to 0.94 (perfect score = 1 for both). Moreover, the highest proportions of favourable days of WLR infection were simulated during spring and summer at both sites. Regional climate projections showed an increase in temperatures by 1.6 K for 2041–2050 and by 3.7 K for 2091–2100 compared to the reference period 1991–2000. Positive trends in favourable WLR infection conditions occur at both sites more conducive than in the reference period due to projected climatic conditions

    Les AltĂ©rations Hydrothermales AssociĂ©es À La MinĂ©ralisation AurifĂšre Du Gisement De Dougbafla (District d’OumĂ©-HirĂ©, Centre-Ouest De La CĂŽte d’Ivoire)

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    The Dougbafla gold deposit is located in the West-Central part of Cîte d’Ivoire at about 240 km from Abidjan, on the Birimian greenstone belt of Fettùkro (West African craton). The lithologies of this deposit can be divided into three lithotectonic units which correspond to volcanic, sedimentary, and plutonic assemblages metamorphosed in the shale facies. Hydrothermalism, on the one hand, caused a pervasive alteration of the primary paragenesis marked by sericitic, silica, and carbonate alteration. On the other hand, it causes a vein alteration materialized by quartz veins. These hydrothermal alterations induced two types of gold mineralization in the Dougbafla deposit. These are: (i) disseminated gold and sulphide mineralization in the granophyre associated with sericite, silica and dolomite alteration in which no quartz vein has been reported; this type however is controlled by the intrusion of granophyre and (ii) a quartz vein mineralization controlled by deformation

    Caractérisation pathogénique de Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo (Corticiaceae) sur 3 variétés de tomates et effet du milieu de culture sur le potentiel infectieux du champignon

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    La tomate constitue un lĂ©gume de grande consommation en CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Mais, sa productivitĂ© est fortement limitĂ©e par Sclerotium rolfsii l’un des parasites telluriques fongiques les plus contraignants Ă  la culture des solanacĂ©es Ă  travers le pays. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©valuĂ© la croissance mycĂ©lienne et la production de sclĂ©rotes sur diffĂ©rents milieux de culture, d’une part et d’autre part, la sensibilitĂ© de trois variĂ©tĂ©s de tomate Ă  ce champignon en conditions d’inoculations contrĂŽlĂ©es. La croissance mycĂ©lienne de Sclerotium rolfsii et la production de sclĂ©rotes ont Ă©tĂ© apprĂ©ciĂ©es sur cinq milieux Carotte, PDA, PDA+Sol, Tige de tomate et Petits pois dans trois conditions d’incubation : ObscuritĂ© continue, LuminositĂ© continue et PhotopĂ©riode 12 h. Les milieux PDA+Sol, Tige de tomate, Carotte et Petits pois ont favorisĂ© la formation de sclĂ©rotes matures en moins de 10 jours. Par contre, sur le milieu PDA, les sclĂ©rotes ne sont produits qu’au bout de 2 semaines. Les milieux PDA et PDA+Sol offrent des sclĂ©rotes de poids moyens Ă©levĂ©s avec des valeurs respectives de 2,1 mg et de 2,4 mg. Les poids moyens les plus Ă©levĂ©s pour les autres substrats sont obtenus en obscuritĂ© continue avec 0,4 mg, 0,9 mg, 0,6 mg respectivement pour les milieux Tige de tomate, Carotte et Petits pois. La sensibilitĂ© des variĂ©tĂ©s de tomate Caraibo, Tropimech et Mongal a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e en serre sur des plantules de 10 jours, 15 jours, 20 jours et 25 jours de pĂ©piniĂšre avec des quantitĂ©s de 10, 20, 30 et 40 sclĂ©rotes de Sclerotium rolfsii. Les plants de 20 et 25 jours, de la variĂ©tĂ© Tropimech sont fortement sensibles. Cette sensibilitĂ©, pour les variĂ©tĂ©s Caraibo et Mongal est moindre avec les plantules de 10 et 15 jours de pĂ©piniĂšre. La pression du parasite est fonction de la quantitĂ© de sclĂ©rotes. L’inoculation de 40 sclĂ©rotes induit pour la variĂ©tĂ© Tropimech, une rĂ©duction de plus de 80% du poids racinaire et de moins de 50% chez la variĂ©tĂ© Mongal qui s’est montrĂ©e la plus tolĂ©rante. Sclerotium rolfsii rĂ©duit Ă©galement le diamĂštre des tiges, la hauteur et le nombre de feuilles fonctionnelles de plants. L’inoculation de plantules de 25 jours de pĂ©piniĂšre de la variĂ©tĂ© Tropimech avec 40 sclĂ©rotes issus des diffĂ©rents substrats, en photopĂ©riode de 12 h, a permis d’évaluer leur pathogĂ©nicitĂ©. Les sclĂ©rotes rĂ©coltĂ©s sur des substrats sans glucose prĂ©sentent une virulence relativement marquĂ©e. © 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s : Sclerotium rolfsii, sclĂ©rotes, pathogenicitĂ©, tomate, sensibilit

    Editorial: Building and delivering real-world, integrated sustainability solutions: Insights, methods and case-study applications

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    This Research Topic aims to showcase research, development and technology (RDT) work toward devising and delivering integrated solutions that support and enhance the climate smart landscape (CSL)-based approach. This Research Topic comprises 13 articles, including 10 Original Research articles,1 Review, 1 Hypothesis and Theory article, and 1 Technology Report. State-of-the-art modeling approaches and sampling technologies are showcased. Contributed papers present new methodological/technological innovation, findings, and/or insights across four themes: (1) landscape productivity and crop suitability, (2) variable crop requirements for water and nutrients,(3) crop health status, phenology and phenotyping, (4)crop disease assessment and prediction under integrated pest management (IPM) and the CSL approach

    Macroinvertebrate Communities Associated with Hydrilla verticillata (Royle, 1839) and Relationship with Environmental Factors in Ono Lagoon, Southeast of Cîte d’Ivoire

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    The macroinvertebrates associated with Hydrilla verticillata was studied in Ono lagoon, South-eastern of CĂŽte d'Ivoire. Monthly samples of macrophytes with their associated macroinvertebrates were collected in upstream, centre and downstreamusing a Van veen grab of 0.314 m2 internal area. The environmental variables (temperature, transparency, depth, conductivity, TDS, pH, dissolved oxygen, , , and ) were also recorded. A total of 71 taxa belonging to 28 families, 11 orders, 05 classes and 03 phyla of which 40 taxa were recorded in upstream, 45 taxa in centre and 44 taxa in downstream. Insects numerically dominated the capture, comprising 91.55% of the collectedtaxa with Odonata and Coleoptera being the most diverse and abundant groups. The density was higher in upstream (1407ind. per 100 g d.w.) and lower in downstream (1062 ind. per 100 g d.w.), whist theLibellulidae and Corduliidae exhibited the highest density communities. The rarefied richness did not show spatial variation but vary significantly between seasons. The Evenness did not show spatial and seasonal variations. However, Shannon diversity index varied significantly between sites and seasons. From the results of RDA analysis, conductivity and pH showed a strong environmental gradient and had a structuring effect on macroinvertebrate communities

    CaractĂ©risation morphologique et sĂ©dimentologique de l’embouchure du fleuve Sassandra (CĂŽte d’Ivoire)

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    L’embouchure du fleuve Sassandra n’est pas homogĂšne au plan morphologique avec des profondeurs variant entre 0 et 8,5 m et qui diminuent de l’amont vers l’aval. Cependant, elles sont plus Ă©levĂ©es au niveau des dĂ©pressions situĂ©es Ă  proximitĂ© de la passe. Quelques roches granitiques y affleurent sous la forme de hauts fonds. Sur le plan sĂ©dimentologique, les sĂ©diments sont constituĂ©s majoritairement de sables localisĂ©s dans les fonds de l’embouchure. Les vases s’accumulent essentiellement sur les bordures des bras. La granulomĂ©trie des sables met en Ă©vidence une prĂ©dominance de sables grossiers et de sables moyens. La quasi-totalitĂ© des sĂ©diments de l’embouchure du fleuve Sassandra provient d’un environnement de type continental fluviatile. Une masse importante de sables se dĂ©place par saltation. Le mode de transport des sables fins est dominĂ© par le transport en suspension. Les sables moyens se dĂ©placent essentiellement par saltation et le transport par charriage est le mode de transport dominant des sables grossiers. En dĂ©finitive, cette Ă©tude a permis de rĂ©aliser les cartes bathymĂ©triques et de rĂ©partition des sĂ©diments, ainsi que la dĂ©termination de l’environnement de dĂ©pĂŽts des sables.Mots-clĂ©s : morphologie, sĂ©dimentologie, bathymĂ©trie, embouchure, Sassandra, CĂŽte d’Ivoire

    Contamination du lait caillĂ© et de l’oeuf consommĂ© en CĂŽte d’Ivoire par des pesticides organochlorĂ©s

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    La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  Ă©valuer l’aspect sanitaire de l’alimentation humaine Ă  travers deux produits Ă  forte consommation en CĂŽte d’Ivoire : le lait caillĂ© et l’oeuf. Ainsi, 30 Ă©chantillons de lait caillĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© achetĂ©s et 30 Ă©chantillons d’oeufs de poulet ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s dans trois fermes dans la ville d’Abidjan. Ces Ă©chantillons ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s dans le but de dĂ©terminer les rĂ©sidus de 12 POC (Pesticides OrganoChlorĂ©s). Les analyses ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es au CG sur colonne capillaire avec un dĂ©tecteur Ă  capture d'Ă©lectrons. Les rĂ©sultats observĂ©s rĂ©vĂšlent une contamination du lait caillĂ© et de l’oeuf par 5 POC. Ainsi, des charges moyennes en ÎŒg/kg des isomĂšres hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) allant de 0,125 Ă  0,997 et de 1,870 Ă  35,907, de l’endosulfan allant de 0,045 Ă  0,563 et non dĂ©tectĂ©, de la dieldrine allant de 0,025 Ă  0,263 et de 5,727 Ă  69,710 et du Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) et mĂ©tabolites allant de 0,133 Ă  0,813 et de 21,105 Ă  75,22, ont Ă©tĂ© respectivement dĂ©terminĂ©es dans le lait caillĂ© et dans l’oeuf. La teneur rĂ©siduelle moyenne des isomĂšres HCH, des cyclodiĂšnes (dieldrine, et endosulfane) et du DDT et ses mĂ©tabolites constituent respectivement 40%, 40% et 20% de la moyenne du total des POC mesurĂ©s dans le lait caillĂ© et respectivement 20%, 20% et 60% de celle mesurĂ©e dans l’oeuf.Mots-clĂ©s: pesticides organochlorĂ©s, lait caillĂ©, oeuf, CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Contamination of the curdled milk and the egg consumed in Ivory Coast by organochlorinated pesticides This study aims to determine the levels of organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) in the curdled milk and egg. Thus, 30 samples of curdled milk were purchased and 30 egg samples were collected from three farms in the area of the lagoons. These samples were processed in order to determine the residues 12 OCPs. Analyses were performed by GC capillary column with electron capture detector. The observed results indicate contamination of curdled milk and egg by 5 OCPs. Thus, average loads in ÎŒg/kg of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers ranging from 0.125 to 0.997 and 1.870 to 35.907, endosulfan ranging from 0.045 to 0.563 and undetected, dieldrin ranging from 0.025 to 0.263 and 5.727 to 69.710 and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and metabolites ranging from 0.133 to 0.813 and 21, 105 to 75.22, respectively, were determined in the curdled milk and egg. The average residual HCH isomers, cyclodiene (dieldrin and endosulfan) and DDT and its metabolites is respectively 40%, 40% and 20% of the average total OCPs measured in curdled milk and respectively 20%, 20 % and 60% of that measured in the bud.Keywords: organochlorinated pesticides, curdled milk, egg, Ivory Coast
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