Educação monocultural no ensino de artes visuais em contextos de diversidade cultural no Chile: uma visão crítica da região da Araucanía

Introduction. The central topic of the study is the influence of the application of a monocultural curriculum on the conceptions of the teaching of visual arts and its impact on learning, the construction of cultural identity, and recognition between Mapuche and non-Mapuche students. Objective. To reveal teachers’ conceptions concerning the teaching of visual arts, the curriculum for the subject, and the context of cultural diversity in the Pehuenche area. Methodology. The methodological approach is qualitative and exploratory. The participants are seven secondary school visual arts teachers in an area populated by the Pehuenche ethnic group in the Araucanía Region of Chile. The data were collected by semi-structured interview and analyzed by axial, selective open coding, with triangulation between the investigators and the teachers to support the validity of the findings. Results. The main results show a lack of knowledge among the teachers of the multicultural context, deficiencies in initial teacher training, and the general problem of the relation between a monocultural curriculum and its effect on teachers’ beliefs about teaching visual arts in the context of cultural diversity. Conclusions. Visual arts teachers’ beliefs are affected by a monocultural curriculum, which is related to standardization and the negative values that it imposes. Furthermore, the curriculum conditions initial teacher training, standardizing teaching without consideration for contextual variables.Introducción. El tema central del estudio es la incidencia que tiene la aplicación de un currículo monocultural en las concepciones de enseñanza de las artes visuales, y su impacto en los aprendizajes, la construcción de identidad cultural y el reconocimiento entre estudiantado mapuche y no mapuche.  Objetivo. Develar las concepciones que tiene el profesorado en torno a la enseñanza de las artes visuales, su currículo y el contexto de diversidad cultural en zona pehuenche. Metodología. El enfoque metodológico es cualitativo de carácter exploratorio.  Las personas participantes corresponden a siete profesores de artes visuales de enseñanza media en una zona Pehuenche de la región Araucanía de Chile, las técnicas de recolección de datos utilizadas fueron la entrevista semiestructurada y, el proceso de análisis fue de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, con triangulación entre personas investigadoras y profesorado para apoyar la validez de los hallazgos. Resultados. Los principales resultados apuntan a la falta de conocimiento del personal docente sobre el contexto multicultural, sus deficiencias en la formación inicial y el problema general de la relación existente entre un currículo monocultural y su efecto sobre sus creencias sobre la enseñanza de artes visuales en el contexto de diversidad cultural. Conclusiones. La creencia del personal docente de artes visuales es afectada por el currículo de carácter monocultural, al presentar relaciones con la estandarización y la valoración negativa de este. Además, el currículo condiciona la formación inicial docente, estandarizándola, sin considerar las variables contextuales. Introdução. O tema central do estudo é a incidência que tem a aplicação de um currículo monocultural nas concepções de ensino das artes visuais e seu impacto nas aprendizagens, a construção da identidade cultural e o reconhecimento entre os estudantes mapuche e não-mapuche. Objetivo. Desvendar as concepções do professorado em torno ao ensino das artes visuais, seu currículo e o contexto de diversidade cultural na zona pehuenche. Metodologia. O enfoque metodológico é qualitativo de caráter exploratório. As pessoas participantes correspondem a sete professores de artes visuais de Ensino Médio em uma zona pehuenche da região da Araucanía no Chile, as técnicas de coleta de dados utilizadas foram a entrevista semiestruturada e o processo de análise foi de codificação aberta, axial e seletiva, com triangulação entre pessoas investigadoras e o professorado para apoiar a validez das descobertas. Resultados. Os principais resultados apontam a falta de conhecimento do pessoal docente sobre o contexto multicultural, as deficiências da formação inicial do pessoal docente e o problema geral da relação existente entre um currículo monocultural e seu efeito sobre as crenças do pessoal docente sobre o ensino das artes visuais no contexto de diversidade cultural. Conclusões. A crença do pessoal docente de artes visuais é afetada pelo currículo de caráter monocultural, ao apresentar relações com a estandardização e a valoração negativa deste. Além disso, o currículo condiciona a formação inicial docente, estandardizando sem considerar as variáveis do contexto

Comment on the letter of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) dated April 21, 2020 regarding 'Fossils from conflict zones and reproducibility of fossil‑based scientific data': Myanmar amber

Recently, the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) has sent around a letter, dated 21st April, 2020 to more than 300 palaeontological journals, signed by the President, Vice President and a former President of the society (Rayfield et al. 2020). The signatories of this letter request significant changes to the common practices in palaeontology. With our present, multi-authored comment, we aim to argue why these suggestions will not lead to improvement of both practice and ethics of palaeontological research but, conversely, hamper its further development. Although we disagree with most contents of the SVP letter, we appreciate this initiative to discuss scientific practices and the underlying ethics. Here, we consider different aspects of the suggestions by Rayfield et al. (2020) in which we see weaknesses and dangers. It is our intent to compile views from many different fields of palaeontology, as our discipline is (and should remain) pluralistic. This contribution deals with the aspects concerning Myanmar amber. Reference is made to Haug et al. (2020a) for another comment on aspects concerning amateur palaeontologists/citizen scientists/private collectors

Comment on the letter of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) dated April 21, 2020 regarding “Fossils from conflict zones and reproducibility of fossil‑based scientific data”: Myanmar amber

Non peer reviewe

Exome sequencing identifies a novel heterozygous TGFB3 mutation in a disorder overlapping with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome

Marfan syndrome (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) are clinically related autosomal dominant systemic connective tissue disorders. Although mutations in several genes of the TGF-beta signalling and related pathways have been identified in the past (e.g. FBN1, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMAD3, TGFB2), there are still many individuals with marfanoid phenotypes in whom no causative mutations are identified. We performed whole exome sequencing in two of three affected individuals from a family with phenotypic features overlapping MFS and LDS. The two affected children and their affected father had tall stature, arachnodactyly, hyperextensible joints, hypertelorism, bifid uvula, but no cardiac involvement, aortic dilation or eye involvement. We detected a novel heterozygous mutation in TGFB3, c.898C>G, predicting the missense substitution p.Arg300Gly. Sanger sequencing confirmed the mutation and its segregation with the phenotype. The first two TGFB3 mutations were reported previously in two unrelated individuals with marfanoid features: one individual with growth retardation carried a heterozygous loss-of-function mutation (c.1226G>A; p.Cys409Tyr; Rienhoff et al., 2013), whereas a child with overgrowth carried a mutation in the same codon as the mutation identified in the three affected individuals reported here (c.899G>A; p.Arg300Gln; Matyas et al., 2014). The mutations at codon Arg300 presumably lead to increased TGF-beta signalling, suggesting that the short or tall stature seen in patients with TGFB3 mutations may result from opposing effects of mutations on TGF-beta signalling. Thus, we add a novel human TGFB3 mutation, contribute to the clinical delineation of the emerging connective tissue disorder tentatively called Rienhoff syndrome and compare the data with a very recent report (Bertoli-Avella et al., 2015) on TGFB3 mutations associated with aortic aneurysms or dissections. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Data Mining and Constraint Programming - Foundations of a Cross-Disciplinary Approach

Not applicable: edited book

Carbon-isotope stratigraphy from terrestrial organic matter through the Monterey event, Miocene, New Jersey margin (IODP Expedition 313)

The stratigraphic utility of carbon-isotope values from terrestrial organic matter is explored for Miocene siliciclastic sediments of the shallow shelf, New Jersey margin, USA (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program [IODP] Expedition 313). These shallow marine strata, rich in terrestrial organic matter, provide a record of deposition equivalent to the Monterey event, a prolonged interval of time characterized by relatively positive carbon-isotope values recorded from foraminiferal carbonate in numerous oceanic settings. Coherent stratigraphic trends and short-term isotopic excursions are observed consistently in palynological preparation residues, concentrated woody phytoclasts, and individually picked woody phytoclasts obtained from the New Jersey sediments. A bulk organic matter curve shows somewhat different stratigraphic trends but, when corrected for mixing of marine-terrestrial components on the basis of measured C/N ratios, a high degree of conformity with the woody phytoclast record is observed. However, assuming that the correlations based on strontium-isotope values and biostratigraphy are correct, the carbon-isotope record from the New Jersey margin contrasts with that previously documented from oceanic settings (i.e., lack of positive excursion of carbon-isotope values in terrestrial organic matter through the Langhian Stage). Factors that may potentially bias local terrestrial carbon-isotope records include reworking from older deposits, degradation and diagenesis, as well as environmental factors affecting vegetation in the sediment source areas. These possible factors are assessed on the basis of pyrolysis data, scanning electron microscope observations, and comparison to palynological indices of environmental change. Some evidence is found for localized degradation and/or reworking of older woody phytoclasts, but where such processes have occurred they do not readily explain the observed carbon-isotope values. It is concluded that the overall carbon-isotope signature for the exchangeable carbon reservoir is distorted, to the extent that the Monterey event excursion is not easily identifiable. The most likely explanation is that phytoclast reworking has indeed occurred in clinoform toe-of-slope facies, but the reason for the resulting relatively heavy carbon-isotope values in the Burdigalian remains obscure.Geosciences, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)1ARTICLE51303-1318

The inductive constraint programming loop

Constraint programming is used for a variety of real-world optimiza- tion problems, such as planning, scheduling and resource allocation prob- lems. At the same time, one continuously gathers vast amounts of data about these problems. Current constraint programming software does not exploit such data to update schedules, resources and plans. We propose a new framework, that we call the Inductive Constraint Programming (ICON) loop. In this approach data is gathered and analyzed systemati- cally in order to dynamically revise and adapt constraints and optimiza- tion criteria. Inductive Constraint Programming aims at bridging the gap between the areas of data mining and machine learning on the one hand, and constraint programming on the other hand.status: publishe

The inductive constraint programming loop

Constraint programming is used for a variety of real-world optimization problems, such as planning, scheduling, and resource allocation problems, all while we continuously gather vast amounts of data about these problems. Current constraint programming software doesn’t exploit such data to update schedules, resources, and plans. The authors propose a new framework that they call the inductive constraint programming loop. In this approach, data is gathered and analyzed systematically to dynamically revise and adapt constraints and optimization criteria. Inductive constraint programming aims to bridge the gap between the areas of data mining and machine learning on one hand and constraint programming on the other.17 pages, 9 figuresstatus: publishe