Local instability signatures in ALMA observations of dense gas in NGC7469

We present an unprecedented measurement of the disc stability and local instability scales in the luminous infrared Seyfert 1 host, NGC7469, based on ALMA observations of dense gas tracers and with a synthesized beam of 165 x 132 pc. While we confirm that non-circular motions are not significant in redistributing the dense interstellar gas in this galaxy, we find compelling evidence that the dense gas is a suitable tracer for studying the origin of its intensely high-mass star forming ring-like structure. Our derived disc stability parameter accounts for a thick disc structure and its value falls below unity at the radii in which intense star formation is found. Furthermore, we derive the characteristic instability scale and find a striking agreement between our measured scale of ~ 180 pc, and the typical sizes of individual complexes of young and massive star clusters seen in high-resolution images.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

A Case of Radiation Fibrosis Appearing as Mass-Like Consolidation after SBRT with Elevation of Serum CEA

We report a case of radiation fibrosis appearing as mass-like consolidation, which was difficult to distinguish from local recurrence. A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed as having primary lung cancer (cT1N0M0 stage IA) in the right upper lobe and was treated with SBRT of 48 Gy in 4 fractions. After 12 months, mass-like consolidation appeared around the irradiated area, and after 13 months, it had increased in size. FDG-PET revealed high uptake (SUV max = 5.61) for the consolidation. CT-guided biopsy was performed, but we could not confirm the diagnosis. Considering her poor respiratory function and her age, short-interval follow-up was performed. After 15 months, the consolidation enlarged at the dorsal side, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) became elevated (14.6 ng/mL). Serum KL-6 (436 U/mL) and SP-D (204 ng/mL) were also elevated. However, after 16 months, serum CEA slightly decreased. The consolidation gradually retracted on follow-up CT images. CEA, KL-6, and SP-D were also decreased by degrees. After 40 months, there is no evidence of local recurrence

Submillimeter ALMA Observations of the Dense Gas in the Low-Luminosity Type-1 Active Nucleus of NGC 1097

We present the first 100 pc scale view of the dense molecular gas in the central ~ 1.3 kpc region of the type-1 Seyfert NGC 1097 traced by HCN (J=4-3) and HCO+ (J=4-3) lines afforded with ALMA band 7. This galaxy shows significant HCN enhancement with respect to HCO+ and CO in the low-J transitions, which seems to be a common characteristic in AGN environments. Using the ALMA data, we study the characteristics of the dense gas around this AGN and search for the mechanism of HCN enhancement. We find a high HCN (J=4-3) to HCO+ (J=4-3) line ratio in the nucleus. The upper limit of the brightness temperature ratio of HCN (v2=1^{1f}, J=4-3) to HCN (J=4-3) is 0.08, which indicates that IR pumping does not significantly affect the pure rotational population in this nucleus. We also find a higher HCN (J=4-3) to CS (J=7-6) line ratio in NGC 1097 than in starburst galaxies, which is more than 12.7 on the brightness temperature scale. Combined from similar observations from other galaxies, we tentatively suggest that this ratio appears to be higher in AGN-host galaxies than in pure starburst ones similar to the widely used HCN to HCO+ ratio. LTE and non-LTE modeling of the observed HCN and HCO+ lines using J=4-3 and 1-0 data from ALMA, and J=3-2 data from SMA, reveals a high HCN to HCO+ abundance ratio (5 < [HCN]/[HCO+] < 20: non-LTE analysis) in the nucleus, and that the high-J lines (J=4-3 and 3-2) are emitted from dense (10^{4.5} < n_H2 [/cc] < 10^6), hot (70 < Tkin [K] < 550) regions. Finally we propose that the high temperature chemistry is more plausible to explain the observed enhanced HCN emission in NGC 1097 than the pure gas phase PDR/XDR chemistry.Comment: 28 pages, 17 figures, 10 tables. Accepted to PAS

ALMA Observations of the Submillimeter Dense Molecular Gas Tracers in the Luminous Type-1 Active Nucleus of NGC 7469

We present ALMA Cycle 1 observations of the central kpc region of the luminous type-1 Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469 with unprecedented high resolution (0.5$"$ $\times$ 0.4$"$ = 165 pc $\times$ 132 pc) at submillimeter wavelengths. Utilizing the wide-bandwidth of ALMA, we simultaneously obtained HCN(4-3), HCO$^+$(4-3), CS(7-6), and partially CO(3-2) line maps, as well as the 860 $\mu$m continuum. The region consists of the central $\sim$ 1$"$ component and the surrounding starburst ring with a radius of $\sim$ 1.5$"$-2.5$"$. Several structures connect these components. Except for CO(3-2), these dense gas tracers are significantly concentrated towards the central $\sim$ 1$"$, suggesting their suitability to probe the nuclear regions of galaxies. Their spatial distribution resembles well those of centimeter and mid-infrared continuum emissions, but it is anti-correlated with the optical one, indicating the existence of dust obscured star formation. The integrated intensity ratios of HCN(4-3)/HCO$^+$(4-3) and HCN(4-3)/CS(7-6) are higher at the AGN position than at the starburst ring, which is consistent to our previous findings (submm-HCN enhancement). However, the HCN(4-3)/HCO$^+$(4-3) ratio at the AGN position of NGC 7469 (1.11$\pm$0.06) is almost half of the corresponding value of the low-luminosity type-1 Seyfert galaxy NGC 1097 (2.0$\pm$0.2), despite the more than two orders of magnitude higher X-ray luminosity of NGC 7469. But the ratio is comparable to that of the close vicinity of the AGN of NGC 1068 ($\sim$ 1.5). Based on these results, we speculate that some other heating mechanisms than X-ray (e.g., mechanical heating due to AGN jet) can contribute significantly for shaping the chemical composition in NGC 1097.Comment: Fixed typos in the title. 15 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables: accepted for publication in ApJ. Comments welcom

オカラ テンカ ガ レイトウ ソーセージ ノ ヒンシツ ニ アタエル エイキョウ

豆乳生産時の副産物であるオカラを添加して冷凍ソーセージの解凍後の品質評価を行った。塩漬肉の5,10および15%をオカラで置換した冷凍ソーセージを製造し,その解凍後の品質を検討した。すなわち,真空包装したソーセージを-20℃で7日間冷凍保存した後に解凍した。その結果,オカラ無添加のソーセージは冷解凍後に多量のドリップ流出がみられたのに対し,オカラを添加したソーセージは冷解凍後のドリップ流出が顕著に抑制され,歩留まりが向上した。さらに冷解凍後にオカラ無添加ソーセージのテクスチャーは顕著に低下したが,オカラを10%まで添加することにより低下が抑制された。官能評価では,オカラ無添加の冷凍ソーセージは低評価になったのに対し,オカラ10%添加の冷凍ソーセージはオカラ無添加の非冷凍ソーセージと同等の高評価を得た。オカラを15%添加したソーセージは冷凍の有無にかかわらず官能評価は低かった。これらのことから,冷凍ソーセージにオカラを添加することで食物繊維を含有させ,保水性を向上させることができた。また,10%程度のオカラ添加が良好な品質を備えた冷凍ソーセージを加工する上で適当であることが明らかになった。In order to utilize okara, a byproduct of soy milk production, and to develop frozen-sausages, we prepared sausages containing 0, 5, 10, and 15% of okara by substituting cured lean meat with okara and compared their quality. Frozen vacuum-packed sausages were stored for 7days at -20℃ before thawing. The frozen/thawed sausages without okara had a higher amount of drip loss after thawing. However, the sausages with okara decreased drip loss significantly, and improved the yield after freezing-thawing treatments. Furthermore, the texture of frozen-sausages without okara deteriorated remarkably, but the decline was controlled by adding okara up to 10%. Sensory evaluation of frozen-sausages without okara was very low, but that of frozen-sausages containing 10% okara was higher, which was equal to fresh-sausage without okara. The sausages containing 15% okara had low sensory evaluation with or without freezing. Our findings show that okara supplements frozen-sausages with dietary fiber and improves their water holding capacity and that an okara content of about 10% is appropriate for making good quality frozen-sausages

Millimeter Radio Continuum Emissions as the Activity of Super Massive Black Holes in Nearby Early-Type Galaxies and Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei

We conducted millimeter continuum observations for samples of nearby early-type galaxies (21 sources) and nearby low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN; 16 sources) at 100 GHz (3 mm) using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array (NMA). In addition, we performed quasi-simultaneous observations at 150 GHz (2 mm) and 100 GHz for five LLAGNs. Compact nuclear emissions showing flat or inverted spectra at centimeter-to-millimeter wavelengths were found in many LLAGNs and several early-type galaxies. Moreover, significant flux variability was detected in three LLAGNs. These radio properties are similar to Sgr A*. The observed radio luminosities are consistent with the fundamental plane of black hole activity that has suggested on the basis of samples with black hole masses ranging from 10 to 10^10 M_sun. This implies nuclear jets powered by radiatively inefficient accretion flows onto black holes.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journa