151 research outputs found
Dependence of cytokinemia on the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with hypertension.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. The prevalence of COPD continues to increase steadily. 90% of patients with COPD have at least one comorbid pathology. Among concomitant COPD diseases pathologies of the cardiovascular system prevail. The variety of the disease course in patients is the basis for distinguishing COPD patients with similar pathophysiological mechanisms based on analysis of biomarkers. The aim of the study was to analyze the dependence of cytokinemia (interleukin-18 and interleukin-10) on the clinical course of the disease in patients with COPD in combination with hypertension (HT). In total, 100 occupational COPD (GOLD 2, group B) patients in remission were monitored. The main group included 69 patients with COPD in combination with HT stage II, the comparison group - 31 patients with isolated COPD, and the control group - 20 healthy volunteers. All groups were comparable by sex and age. Levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly higher in COPD patients combined with HT compared to healthy volunteers and isolated COPD. Growth of IL-18/IL-10 ratio is associated with increase in the degree of dyspnea, decrease in exercise tolerance, increase in desaturation during the 6-min walk test, decrease in body mass index, waist and mid-upper arm circumferences, and also more frequent detection of emphysematous changes in chest X-ray. Thus, the IL-18/IL-10 ratio reflects the state of the immune-inflammatory process and has the potential to predict the future risk of developing irreversible pathological changes in the respiratory tract, alveoli and lung vessels with the formation of emphysematous and fibrotic changes
Dependence of cytokinemia on the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with hypertension.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. The prevalence of COPD continues to increase steadily. 90% of patients with COPD have at least one comorbid pathology. Among concomitant COPD diseases pathologies of the cardiovascular system prevail. The variety of the disease course in patients is the basis for distinguishing COPD patients with similar pathophysiological mechanisms based on analysis of biomarkers. The aim of the study was to analyze the dependence of cytokinemia (interleukin-18 and interleukin-10) on the clinical course of the disease in patients with COPD in combination with hypertension (HT). In total, 100 occupational COPD (GOLD 2, group B) patients in remission were monitored. The main group included 69 patients with COPD in combination with HT stage II, the comparison group - 31 patients with isolated COPD, and the control group - 20 healthy volunteers. All groups were comparable by sex and age. Levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly higher in COPD patients combined with HT compared to healthy volunteers and isolated COPD. Growth of IL-18/IL-10 ratio is associated with increase in the degree of dyspnea, decrease in exercise tolerance, increase in desaturation during the 6-min walk test, decrease in body mass index, waist and mid-upper arm circumferences, and also more frequent detection of emphysematous changes in chest X-ray. Thus, the IL-18/IL-10 ratio reflects the state of the immune-inflammatory process and has the potential to predict the future risk of developing irreversible pathological changes in the respiratory tract, alveoli and lung vessels with the formation of emphysematous and fibrotic changes
The High E_T Drop of J/psi to Drell-Yan Ratio from the Statistical c anti-c Coalescence Model
The dependence of the J/psi yield on the transverse energy E_T in heavy ion
collisions is considered within the statistical c anti-c coalescence model. The
model fits the NA50 data for Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN SPS even in the
high-E_T region (E_T > 100 GeV). Here E_T-fluctuations and E_T-losses in the
dimuon event sample naturally create the celebrated drop in the J/psi to
Drell-Yan ratio.Comment: 14 pages, REVTeX, 1 PS-figure. v2: References are corrected and
update
Open Charm Enhancement in Pb+Pb Collisions at SPS
The statistical coalescence model for the production of open and hidden charm
is considered within the canonical ensemble formulation. The data for the
J/\psi multiplicity in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A GeV are used for the model
prediction of the open charm yield. We find a strong enhancement of the open
charm production, by a factor of about 2--4, over the standard hard-collision
model extrapolation from nucleon-nucleon to nucleus-nucleus collisions. A
possible mechanism of the open charm enhancement in A+A collisions at the SPS
energies is proposed.Comment: 4 pages, Late
The physical origins and dominant emission mechanisms of Lyman alpha haloes: Results from the TNG50 simulation in comparison to MUSE observations
Extended Lyman alpha emission is now commonly detected around high-redshift galaxies through stacking and even on individual basis. Despite recent observational advances, the physical origin of these Lyman alpha haloes (LAHs), as well as their relationships to galaxies, quasars, circumgalactic gas, and other environmental factors remains unclear. We present results from our new Lyman alpha full radiative transfer code voroiltis which runs directly on the unstructured Voronoi tessellation of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We make use of the TNG50 simulation and simulate LAHs from redshift z = 2 to z = 5, focusing on star-forming galaxies with 8.0 < log10 (M∗ M⊙) < 10.5. While TNG50 does not directly follow ionizing radiation, it includes an on-the-fly treatment for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and ultraviolet background radiation with self-shielding, which are important processes impacting the cooling and ionization of the gas. Based on this model, we present the predictions for the stacked radial surface brightness profiles of Ly α as a function of galaxy mass and redshift. Comparison with data from the MUSE UDF at z > 3 reveals a promising level of agreement. We measure the correlations of LAH size and central brightness with galaxy properties, finding that at the masses of 8.5 ≤ log10 (M∗/M⊙) ≤ 9.5, physical LAH sizes roughly double from z = 2 to z = 5. Finally, we decompose the profiles into contributions from diffuse emission and scattered photons from star-forming regions. In our simulations, we find rescattered photons from star-forming regions to be the major source in observed LAHs. Unexpectedly, we find that the flattening of LAH profiles at large radii becomes dominated by photons originating from other nearby haloes rather than diffuse emission itself
Giant Pulses -- the Main Component of the Radio Emission of the Crab Pulsar
The paper presents an analysis of dual-polarization observations of the Crab
pulsar obtained on the 64-m Kalyazin radio telescope at 600 MHz with a time
resolution of 250 ns. A lower limit for the intensities of giant pulses is
estimated by assuming that the pulsar radio emission in the main pulse and
interpulse consists entirely of giant radio pulses; this yields estimates of
100 Jy and 35 Jy for the peak flux densities of giant pulses arising in the
main pulse and interpulse, respectively. This assumes that the normal radio
emission of the pulse occurs in the precursor pulse. In this case, the
longitudes of the giant radio pulses relative to the profile of the normal
radio emission turn out to be the same for the Crab pulsar and the millisecond
pulsar B1937+21, namely, the giant pulses arise at the trailing edge of the
profile of the normal radio emission. Analysis of the distribution of the
degree of circular polarization for the giant pulses suggests that they can
consist of a random mixture of nanopulses with 100% circular polarization of
either sign, with, on average, hundreds of such nanopulses within a single
giant pulse.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures (originally published in Russian in
Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2006, vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 62-69) translated by
Denise Gabuzd
The Updated Zwicky Catalog (UZC)
The Zwicky Catalog of galaxies (ZC), with m_Zw<=15.5mag, has been the basis
for the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) redshift surveys. To date, analyses of
the ZC and redshift surveys based on it have relied on heterogeneous sets of
galaxy coordinates and redshifts. Here we correct some of the inadequacies of
previous catalogs by providing: (1) coordinates with <~2 arcsec errors for all
of the Nuzc catalog galaxies, (2) homogeneously estimated redshifts for the
majority (98%) of the data taken at the CfA (14,632 spectra), and (3) an
estimate of the remaining "blunder" rate for both the CfA redshifts and for
those compiled from the literature. For the reanalyzed CfA data we include a
calibrated, uniformly determined error and an indication of the presence of
emission lines in each spectrum. We provide redshifts for 7,257 galaxies in the
CfA2 redshift survey not previously published; for another 5,625 CfA redshifts
we list the remeasured or uniformly re-reduced value. Among our new
measurements, Nmul are members of UZC "multiplets" associated with the original
Zwicky catalog position in the coordinate range where the catalog is 98%
complete. These multiplets provide new candidates for examination of tidal
interactions among galaxies. All of the new redshifts correspond to UZC
galaxies with properties recorded in the CfA redshift compilation known as
ZCAT. About 1,000 of our new measurements were motivated either by inadequate
signal-to-noise in the original spectrum or by an ambiguous identification of
the galaxy associated with a ZCAT redshift. The redshift catalog we include
here is ~96% complete to m_Zw<=15.5, and ~98% complete (12,925 galaxies out of
a total of 13,150) for the RA(1950) ranges [20h--4h] and [8h--17h] and
DEC(1950) range [-2.5d--50d]. (abridged)Comment: 34 pp, 7 figs, PASP 1999, 111, 43
One-dimensional Model of a Gamma Klystron
A new scheme for amplification of coherent gamma rays is proposed. The key
elements are crystalline undulators - single crystals with periodically bent
crystallographic planes exposed to a high energy beam of charged particles
undergoing channeling inside the crystals. The scheme consists of two such
crystals separated by a vacuum gap. The beam passes the crystals successively.
The particles perform undulator motion inside the crystals following the
periodic shape of the crystallographic planes. Gamma rays passing the crystals
parallel to the beam get amplified due to interaction with the particles inside
the crystals. The term `gamma klystron' is proposed for the scheme because its
operational principles are similar to those of the optical klystron. A more
simple one-crystal scheme is considered as well for the sake of comparison. It
is shown that the gamma ray amplification in the klystron scheme can be reached
at considerably lower particle densities than in the one-crystal scheme,
provided that the gap between the crystals is sufficiently large.Comment: RevTeX4, 22 pages, 4 figure
Charmonium from Statistical Hadronization of Heavy Quarks -- a Probe for Deconfinement in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
We review the statistical hadronization picture for charmonium production in
ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions. Our starting point is a brief reminder
of the status of the thermal model description of hadron production at high
energy. Within this framework an excellent account is achieved of all data for
hadrons built of (u,d,s) valence quarks using temperature, baryo-chemical
potential and volume as thermal parameters. The large charm quark mass brings
in a new (non-thermal) scale which is explicitely taken into account by fixing
the total number of charm quarks produced in the collision. Emphasis is placed
on the description of the physical basis for the resulting statistical
hadronization model. We discuss the evidence for statistical hadronization of
charmonia by analysis of recent data from the SPS and RHIC accelerators.
Furthermore we discuss an extension of this model towards lower beam energies
and develop arguments about the prospects to observe medium modifications of
open and hidden charm hadrons. With the imminent start of the LHC accelerator
at CERN, exciting prospects for charmonium production studies at the very high
energy frontier come into reach. We present arguments that, at such energies,
charmonium production becomes a fingerprint of deconfinement: even if no
charmonia survive in the quark-gluon plasma, statistical hadronization at the
QCD phase boundary of the many tens of charm quarks expected in a single
central Pb-Pb collision could lead to an enhanced, rather than suppressed
production probability when compared to results for nucleon-nucleon reactions
scaled by the number of hard collisions in the Pb-Pb system.Comment: review article, 27 pages, Landoldt review volume "Relativistic Heavy
Ion Physics", Reinhard Stock, edito
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ЗАВЕРШЕНИЯ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВ НА ОРГАНАХ МАЛОГО ТАЗА, СОПРОВОЖДАЮЩИХСЯ ЦИСТЭКТОМИЕЙ
Results of treatment of 143 patients who underwent cystprostatectomy or anterior pelvic exenteration. A comparative analysis of two groups of patients whose operation ended with the traditional drainage through the anterior abdominal wall (n = 71), and bilateral perineal drainage (n = 72). Bilateral perineal drainage after operations on the pelvic organs, accompanied by cystectomy and extended lymphadenectomy in conjunction with the restoration of the peritoneum lateral pelvic walls, improves postoperative recovery of intestinal peristalsis, promotes an earlier reduction in the intensity of pain and morbidity in the early postoperative period. Installation is simple perineal drainage performed and safe procedure. We recommend bilateral perineal drainage after operations on the pelvic organs, accompanied by cystectomy and extended lymphadenectomy.Проанализированы результаты лечения 143 больных, которым выполнена цистпростатэктомия или передняя надлеваторная эвисцерация малого таза по поводу инвазивного рака мочевого пузыря или местно-распространенного рака шейки, тела матки, и рака яичников. Сопоставлены характеристики послеоперационного периода пациентов в 2 группах: в первой операции заканчивались традиционным дренированием через переднюю брюшную стенку (n = 71), во второй — двусторонним промежностным дренированием (n = 72). Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что после операций на органах малого таза, сопровождающихся цистэктомией и расширенной подвздошно-тазовой лимфодиссекцией, двустороннее промежностное дренирование в сочетании с реконструкцией брюшины боковых стенок таза улучшает послеоперационное восстановление кишечной перистальтики, способствует более раннему снижению интенсивности болевого синдрома и уменьшению частоты развития осложнений в раннем послеоперационном периоде. Промежностная установка дренажей проста в исполнении, ее применение после операций на органах малого таза, сопровождающихся цистэктомией с расширенной лимфаденэктомией, повышает безопасность выполнения данных вмешательств
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