First report of the recently introduced, destructive powdery mildew Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnut in Turkey

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana) is Turkey’s most valuable agricultural export, and an essential source of income for many families in the Black Sea Region. In spring 2013, hazelnut leaves, fruit clusters and shoots showing powdery mildew infection symptoms different from those observed previously were discovered in Giresun, Ordu and Trabzon provinces of Turkey. The disease has become epidemic throughout all hazelnut production areas spreading from east to west of the Black Sea Region over the subsequent years. Erysiphe corylacearum was identified as the causal agent of this new and highly destructive powdery mildew based on its morphological characteristics and analyses of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S regions of the ribosomal DNA. Pathogenicity of this species was examined in an infection test and proven for the first time. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. corylacearum on Corylus avellana worldwide

Linguistic Reflections on Psychotherapy: Change in Usage of The First Person Pronoun in Information Structure Positions

Aim of present study was to understand changes in speech of clients with regard to certain linguistic features from 5th to 15th session of psychotherapy. First person pronoun use in information structure positions were analyzed in speech of clients. Participants of this study were 11 psychotherapists (clinical psychology master and doctorate students) and 16 clients (applicants to AYNA Psychotherapy Unit). In present study word count results of clinets' speeches were analyzed by ANOVA method. According to results, use of first person pronoun changed significantly in preverbal position from 5th to 15th sessions of psychotherapy. Findings of this study suggest that, psychotherapy leads to certain linguistic changes, and these changes discussed to be means of understand change of clients during psychotherapy

Changing nature of North-South linkages: Stylized facts and explanations

This paper examines the changing nature of growth spillovers between developed economies, the North, and developing countries, the South, driven by the process of globalization--the phenomenon of rising international trade and financial flows. We use a comprehensive database of macroeconomic and sectoral variables for 106 countries over the period 1960-2005. We consider the South to be composed of two groups of countries, the Emerging South and the Developing South, based on the extent of their integration into the global economy. Using a panel regression framework, we find that the impact of the Northern economic activity on the Emerging South has declined during the globalization period (1986-2005). In contrast, the growth linkages between the North and Developing South have been rather stable over time. Our findings also suggest that the North and Emerging South economies have started to exhibit more intensive intra-group growth spillovers.

Synthesis of photochromic 2,3-bis(5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-thiazoly1)-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives

WOS: 0002893883000082,3-Bis(5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-thiazolyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone 1-O, its monoethylene acetal 2-O and methylated derivatives 3-O and 4-O were synthesized and their photochromic properties were investigated. While bisarylnaphthoquinone 1-O was nonphotochromic, its monoacetal 2-O and methylated derivatives 3-O and 4-O displayed good photochromism. Among them, the isomer 4-O recorded a remarkable diastereomeric excess (98.40%) with high conversion ratio (96.20%) upon UV irradiation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [209T117]The authors are grateful to TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey) for its financial support of this work (Grant no. 209T117)

Premenstrual syndrome and fibromyalgia: the frequency of the coexistence and their effects on quality of life

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), to assess common symptoms and quality of life (QOL) of them.Methods: Patients with PMS formed the PMS group and age-matched healthy normal controls were included in the control group. The diagnosis of the FMS and PMS were based on new American College of Rheumatology FMS criteria and DSM-IV PMS criteria. FMS-related symptoms assessed by visual analog scale and number of tender points (TePs) were analyzed. QOL, PMS severity and FMS severity were assessed with SF-36, fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) and premenstrual assessment form (PAF), respectively. Patients with PMS were divided into two subgroups according to coexistence of FMS or not.Results: The frequency of FMS in PMS and control group were 20 and 0%, respectively (p=0.002). FMS-related symptoms, number of TePs in the PMS group were higher than those in the control group. The mean mental component summary (MCS) score of SF-36 was low in the PMS group. The mean PAF score in PMS with FMS subgroup was higher than those in without FMS subgroup. The mean physical component summary of SF-36 was low in the PMS patient with FMS. There was correlation between PAF score and FIQ score (r=0.476, p<0.001).Conclusion: FMS was common among the patients with PMS and frequently seen in the PMS patients having severe premenstrual complaints. Mental QOL was distressed in the patients with PMS but while FMS accompanied to PMS, the physical QOL was decreased

High psychiatric comorbidity in adolescents with dissociative disorders

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate psychiatric comorbidity rates and patterns in a sample of clinically referred adolescents diagnosed with dissociative disorders (DD) by using a structured interview

In vivo performance of different scaffolds for dental pulp stem cells induced for odontogenic differentiation

WOS: 000404458100052PubMed ID: 27901202This study was designed to determine the in vivo performance of three different materials as scaffolds for dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) undergoing induced odontogenic differentiation. An odontogenic medium modified by the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 was used in the experimental groups to induce differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cell medium was used in the control groups. DPSC were transplanted onto the backs of mice via three scaffolds: copolymer of L-lactide and DL-lactide (PLDL), copolymer of DL-lactide (PDL) and hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP). The expression levels of dentin sialo-phosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1), enamelysin/matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) and phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on X chromosome (PHEX) were analysed using RT-PCR. The expressions in the experimental groups were compared to those in the control groups. The transcript expressions at 6 and 12 weeks were significantly different for all scaffolds (p < 0.05), except for the expression of DSPP in the PLDL group with regard to the time variable. Although there was a decrease in the expression of enamelysin/MMP20 in PLDL and HA/TCP at 12 weeks, all other expressions increased and reached their highest level at 12 weeks. The highest DSPP expression was in the PDL group (p < 0.05). The highest expression of DMP1 was detected in the HA/TCP group (p < 0.05). The highest expression of PHEX was in the PLDL group (p < 0.05). Consequently, PLDL and PDL seemed to be promising scaffold candidates for odontogenic regeneration at least as HA-TCP, when they were applied with the DPSC induced for odontogenic differentiation.Ege University's Scientific Research FoundationEge University [2010-Dis-006]This study was supported by Ege University's Scientific Research Foundation (2010-Dis-006). The authors sincerely thank Gul KAYRAK for her help in language editing