35 research outputs found
Highly efficient, tunable single photon source based on single molecules
The authors studied spatially isolated terrylene molecules immobilized in a quasiplanar optical λ/2-microresonator using confocal microscopy and spectroscopy at variable temperatures. At T = 1.8 K, they observed individual molecules relaxing into microresonator-allowed vibronic levels of their electronic ground state by emission of single fluorescence photons. Coupling the purely electronic transition of embedded molecules to the longitudinal photonic mode of the microresonator resulted in an ultimate spectral narrowing and an increased collection efficiency of the emitted single photon wave trains
Anisotropy and phonon modes from analysis of the dielectric function tensor and inverse dielectric function tensor of monoclinic yttrium orthosilicate
We determine the frequency dependence of the four independent Cartesian
tensor elements of the dielectric function for monoclinic symmetry YSiO
using generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry from 40-1200 cm. Three
different crystal cuts, each perpendicular to a principle axis, are
investigated. We apply our recently described augmentation of lattice
anharmonicity onto the eigendielectric displacement vector summation approach
[A. Mock et al., Phys. Rev. B 95, 165202 (2017)], and we present and
demonstrate the application of an eigendielectric displacement loss vector
summation approach with anharmonic broadening. We obtain excellent match
between all measured and model calculated dielectric function tensor elements
and all dielectric loss function tensor elements. We obtain 23 A
and 22 B symmetry long wavelength active transverse and
longitudinal optical mode parameters including their eigenvector orientation
within the monoclinic lattice. We perform density functional theory
calculations and obtain 23 A symmetry and 22 B
transverse and longitudinal optical mode parameters and their orientation
within the monoclincic lattice. We compare our results from ellipsometry and
density functional theory and find excellent agreement. We also determine the
static and above reststrahlen spectral range dielectric tensor values and find
a recently derived generalization of the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for
polar phonons in monoclinic symmetry materials satisfied [M. Schubert, Phys.
Rev. Lett. 117, 215502 (2016)]
Anisotropy, phonon modes, and lattice anharmonicity from dielectric function tensor analysis of monoclinic cadmium tungstate
We determine the frequency dependence of four independent CdWO Cartesian
dielectric function tensor elements by generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry
within mid-infrared and far-infrared spectral regions. Single crystal surfaces
cut under different angles from a bulk crystal, (010) and (001), are
investigated. From the spectral dependencies of the dielectric function tensor
and its inverse we determine all long wavelength active transverse and
longitudinal optic phonon modes with and symmetry as well as their
eigenvectors within the monoclinic lattice. We thereby demonstrate that such
information can be obtained completely without physical model line shape
analysis in materials with monoclinic symmetry. We then augment the effect of
lattice anharmonicity onto our recently described dielectric function tensor
model approach for materials with monoclinic and triclinic crystal symmetries
[Phys. Rev. B, 125209 (2016)], and we obtain excellent match between all
measured and modeled dielectric function tensor elements. All phonon mode
frequency and broadening parameters are determined in our model approach. We
also perform density functional theory phonon mode calculations, and we compare
our results obtained from theory, from direct dielectric function tensor
analysis, and from model lineshape analysis, and we find excellent agreement
between all approaches. We also discuss and present static and above
reststrahlen spectral range dielectric constants. Our data for CdWO are in
excellent agreement with a recently proposed generalization of the
Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for materials with low crystal symmetry [Phys.
Rev. Lett. 117, 215502 (2016)].Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1512.0859
Electron effective mass in Sn-doped monoclinic single crystal -gallium oxide determined by mid-infrared optical Hall effect
The isotropic average conduction band minimum electron effective mass in
Sn-doped monoclinic single crystal -GaO is experimentally
determined by mid-infrared optical Hall effect to be
combining investigations on () and () surface cuts. This result
falls within the broad range of values predicted by theoretical calculations
for undoped -GaO. The result is also comparable to recent
density functional calculations using the
Gaussian-attenuation-Perdue-Burke-Ernzerhof hybrid density functional, which
predict an average effective mass of (arXiv:1704.06711
[cond-mat.mtrl-sci]). Within our uncertainty limits we detect no anisotropy for
the electron effective mass, which is consistent with most previous theoretical
calculations. We discuss upper limits for possible anisotropy of the electron
effective mass parameter from our experimental uncertainty limits, and we
compare our findings with recent theoretical results
Laterally extended atomically precise graphene nanoribbons with improved electrical conductivity for efficient gas sensing
Narrow atomically precise graphene nanoribbons hold great promise for electronic and optoelectronic applications, but the previously demonstrated nanoribbon-based devices typically suffer from low currents and mobilities. In this study, we explored the idea of lateral extension of graphene nanoribbons for improving their electrical conductivity. We started with a conventional chevron graphene nanoribbon, and designed its laterally extended variant. We synthesized these new graphene nanoribbons in solution and found that the lateral extension results in decrease of their electronic bandgap and improvement in the electrical conductivity of nanoribbon-based thin films. These films were employed in gas sensors and an electronic nose system, which showed improved responsivities to low molecular weight alcohols compared to similar sensors based on benchmark graphitic materials, such as graphene and reduced graphene oxide, and a reliable analyte recognition. This study shows the methodology for designing new atomically precise graphene nanoribbons with improved properties, their bottom-up synthesis, characterization, processing and implementation in electronic devices
Anisotropy, Phonon Modes, and Free Charge Carrier Parameters in Monoclinic β-Gallium Oxide Single Crystals
We derive a dielectric function tensor model approach to render the optical response of monoclinic and triclinic symmetry materials with multiple uncoupled infrared and far-infrared active modes. We apply our model approach to monoclinic β-Ga2O3 single-crystal samples. Surfaces cut under different angles from a bulk crystal, (010) and (2̅01), are investigated by generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry within infrared and far-infrared spectral regions. We determine the frequency dependence of 4 independent β-Ga2O3 Cartesian dielectric function tensor elements by matching large sets of experimental data using a point-by-point data inversion approach. From matching our monoclinic model to the obtained 4 dielectric function tensor components, we determine all infrared and far-infrared active transverse optic phonon modes with Au and Bu symmetry, and their eigenvectors within the monoclinic lattice. We find excellent agreement between our model results and results of density functional theory calculations. We derive and discuss the frequencies of longitudinal optical phonons in β-Ga2O3. We derive and report density and anisotropic mobility parameters of the free charge carriers within the tin-doped crystals. We discuss the occurrence of longitudinal phonon plasmon coupled modes in β-Ga2O3 and provide their frequencies and eigenvectors. We also discuss and present monoclinic dielectric constants for static electric fields and frequencies above the reststrahlen range, and we provide a generalization of the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for monoclinic lattices with infrared and far-infrared active modes.We find that the generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation is fulfilled excellently for β-Ga2O3