Plasma scale length effects on protons generated in ultra-intense laser–plasmas

The energy spectra of protons generated by ultra-intense (1020 W cm−2) laser interactions with a preformed plasma of scale length measured by shadowgraphy are presented. The effects of the preformed plasma on the proton beam temperature and the number of protons are evaluated. Two-dimensional EPOCH particle-in-cell code simulations of the proton spectra are found to be in agreement with measurements over a range of experimental parameter

Ammonium and nitrate status of the first crop corn fields at Cukurova region

The ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) are the available nitrogen (N) forms that plants need in large quantities. Their existence in the soil is limited, and concentrations are kept low due to the losses by leaching in the soil profile and microbial consumptions. Sustainability of the plant available nitrogen forms in soil profile is important for plant growth and crop production. In this research, our main objective was to evaluate mineral nitrogen (Nmin) status of the first crop corn soils and plants in Akarsu Irrigation District of Cukurova Region in 2007. Soil samples prior to sowing and after harvest were taken from 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil depths, and analyzed for ammonium and nitrate concentrations. Plant samples were also taken during harvest, and analyzed for N content for determination of total N uptake. There was considerable amount of ammonium and nitrate in the soil profile during preplanting and postharvest. Since the soils were mostly heavy texture, there is tendency to have ammonium also in the soil solution. However, ammonium concentration was far below the nitrate concentration throughout the profile. Plant nitrogen uptake in the irrigation district was very close to the amount that was applied by the local farmers. The results indicated that soil mineral nitrogen level is an important criteria for fertilization practices, especially the preplant Nmin values need to be considered to decrease the amount of N fertilizer that will be applied

A 2-hop coloring-based collision free infrastructure design for Wireless Sensor Networks

13th HONET-ICT International Symposium on Smart MicroGrids for Sustainable Energy Sources Enabled by Photonics and IoT Sensors, HONET-ICT 2016 -- 13 October 2016 through 14 October 2016 -- 125073This paper mainly proposes a design for a communication infrastructure for Wireless Sensor Networks. The proposed design prevents message collisions by arranging the time schedules to send, receive, forward and overhear packets of the nodes considering 2-hop graph coloring mechanism. The system aims to exclude the compromised nodes in the network using the overhearing mechanism, and copes with recovering the paths of the legitimate nodes using multipath redundancy. The proposed scheduling-based and overhearing supported infrastructure brings the advantage of providing the Sensor Networks with both reliable communication using backup paths and energy conservation by preventing the collisions. © 2016 IEEE

A survey on security in wireless sensor networks: Attacks and defense mechanisms

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising technology that has attracted the interest of research in the last decade. Security is one of the fundamental issues in sensor networks since sensor nodes are very resource constrained. An attacker may modify, insert, and delete new hardware and software components to the system where a single node, a specific part of the sensing area, and the whole network may become inoperable. Thus, the design of early attack detection and defense mechanisms must be carefully considered. In this chapter, the authors survey attacks and their defense mechanisms in WSNs. Attacks are categorized according to the related protocol layer. They also investigate the open research issues and emerging technologies on security in WSNs

Monte Carlo studies in accelerator-driven systems for transmutation of high-level nuclear waste (Conference Paper)

13th International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems 2007, ICENES 2007 -- 3 June 2007 through 8 June 2007 -- Istanbul -- 85239A spallation neutron source was modeled using a high energy proton accelerator. The aim is to maximize the minor actinides and fission products transmutation rates, which is created from the operation of nuclear power reactors for the production of electricity. The transmutation system is composed of a natural lead target, beam window, subcritical core, reflector, and structural material. The neutrons are produced by the spallation reaction of protons from a high intensity linear accelerator in the spallation target, and the fission reaction in the core. It is used a hexagonal lattice for the waste and fuel assemblies. The system is driven by a 1 GeV, 10 mA proton beam incident on a natural lead cylindrical target. The protons were uniformly distributed across the beam. The core is a cylindrical assembly. The main vessel is surrounded by a reflector made of graphite. The axes of the proton beam and the target are concentric with the main vessel axis. The structural walls and the beam window are made of the same material, stainless steel, HT9. We investigated the following neutronics parameters: spallation neutron and proton yields, spatial and energy distribution of the spallation neutrons, and protons, heat deposition, and the production rates of hydrogen and helium, transmutation rate of minor actinides and fission products. In the calculations, the Monte Carlo code MCNPX, which is a combination of LAHET and MCNP, was used. To transport a wide variety of particles, The Los Alamos High Energy Transport Code (LAHET) was used

Bee pollens as biological indicators: An ecological assessment of pollution in Northern Turkey via ICP-MS and XPS analyses

In this study, pollens were collected from 25 different locations of Northern Turkey to investigate pollution monitoring. Surface chemistry of pollen samples was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then the concentrations of certain elements (Li, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, and Pb) in pollen samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the evaluation of environmental pollution. The levels of elements were detected in the following ranges (minimum–maximum, mg/kg dry pollen): Li (0.18–0.39), Al (24.98–308.04), V (6.18–98.58), Cr (1.05–6.81), Mn (13.85–95.91), Fe (52.20–326.26), Co (0.15–0.34), Ni (1.66–10.79), Cu (8.61–19.01), Zn (20.47–70.02), As (1.22–2.65), Se (0.39–0.67), Cd (0.05–0.74), Ba (0.73–16.30), and Pb (0.00–0.26). It has been concluded that there is a correlation between the pollen samples with high heavy metal concentrations and traffic density as these regions are closer to the road in the northern region. It is exposed to pollution from various sources such as intensified urbanization and tourism activities carried out on land and sea; industrial activities are increasing rapidly due to the opportunities offered by the coastal areas, sea transportation, and agricultural, domestic, and industrial pollution coming from the inner regions through rivers and streams. In this sense, pollens can be used as potential bio-indicators for monitoring heavy metal pollution and gives an idea about how we can use them for future assessing purposes. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Giresun ÜniversitesiThe authors declare that this study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Department with a project number of FEN-BAP-A-160317–34, Giresun University.The authors would like to thank the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Apiculture Research Institute for supporting the honeybee pollen samples. Moreover, the authors would like to acknowledge Giresun University Central Research Laboratory (GR?MLAB) for the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and microwave digestion facilities and Ege University Application and Research Center for Testing and Analysis (EGE MATAL) for the XPS analyses

Bone Mineral Density Assessment with DEXA in Hyperthyroid Patients who had Received Radioiodine Treatment

23rd Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine (EANM) -- OCT 09-13, 2010 -- Vienna, AUSTRIAWOS: 000283023801598…European Assoc Nuclear Me

Prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors remain high after coronary bypass graft surgery: A multicentre study among Turkish patients

PubMedID: 12394329Background The measures of secondary prevention in patients undergoing coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) remains largely undetermined in Turkey. Design We designed a multicentre cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients after CABG and to evaluate the association of demographic-socio-economic factors with secondary prevention in these patients. Methods A total of 622 patients who underwent CABG between 1 January 1999 and 15 January 2000 at four centres in Adana, Turkey; 273 (ages 35-77, 208 men) were interviewed and examined 1.0-2.2 years after the procedure. Results Of 273 patients interviewed, 81.5% were overweight, 65.5% had unhealthy food choices for a lipid-lowering diet, 56.0% were physically inactive, 28.8% were obese and 17.6% were current smokers. Hypercholesterolaemia, elevated blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were found in 65.6, 34.1 and 19.8%, respectively. Of diabetic patients, 63.8% had elevated fasting blood glucose. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers and statins was low. Women had a higher rate of obesity and physical inactivity; smoking was less prevalent in females. More women were taking antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs than men. Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between hypercholesterolaemia and low educational level. Conclusion Turkish patients have a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors related to unhealthy lifestyle and ineffective prophylactic drug use 1 year or more after CABG. Low educational level has a significant influence in this situation. © 2002, European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved

Metabolic syndrome in patients after coronary bypass surgery: Prevalence and compliance with treatment [Koroner Baypas Sonrasi Hastalarda Metabolik Sendrom Sikligi ve Tedaviye Uyum Oranlari]

PubMedID: 15033610Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, to determine the patients' compliance with pharmacologic therapy and lifestyle modification, and to clarify the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with the MS in Turkish patients with prior coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Methods: Two hundred and seventy-three patients (age range 35-77, 208 men) were interviewed and examined 1.0-2.2 years after CABG. Results: The prevalence of MS was 44.8% (55.4% among women and 41.3% among men). The most prevalent metabolic risk factor was visceral obesity among females, and elevated blood pressure among males. Rates for regular physical activity were lower in patients with MS, compared with those without MS (%36.9 vs. %47.7, p<0.05). Compared with patients without MS, use of aspirin was lower among patients with MS (%84.4 vs. %93.4, p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed an independent association of age ?65 years and low educational level with MS. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among patients with prior CABG. Patients with MS had lower rate of regular physical activity and aspirin use, compared with those without MS