A respeito do "Processo" de Kafka

Based on a supposedly new discovery of pornographic magazines, James Hawes aimed, in Excavating Kafka (2008), to reset the almost saintlike image of Kafka. This article will argue that these publications are fare from being hard-core pornography and their existence has been a long known fact. It will then discuss relations between literary texts and biography with reference to Kafka’s novel Der Process, written in 1914 and published only posthumous

A literatura moderna como observação de segunda ordem : uma introdução ao pensamento sistêmico de Niklas Luhmann

This study is an introduction to the systems theory developed by the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann (1927-1998) and its significance for literaty studies. It departs from a historical point of view which understands the period around 1800 as the climax of the transformation from a stratified European society into a modern society with a social order structured by differentiated systems such as education, economy, law or literature, each with its specific function and characterized by its typical form of communication. In Germany, the literary system reflects this process in the poetology of Romantic writers. Literary communication is defined as a second order observation that oscillates between the real and potential and makes the ordered forms clearer. The autonomous and differentiated literary system becomes a field that is being observed by its environment. The history of literature in the 19th century instrumentalizes it for political goals, while the new copyright laws and the idea of the book as a profitable merchandise imbued the system of literature with accelerated dynamics.Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Relevanz der Systemtheorie Niklas Luhmanns (1927-1998) für die Literaturwissenschaften. Ausgangspunkt ist eine historische Analyse, die die Zeit um 1800 als Höhepunkt der Entwicklung von einer stratifizierten hin zu einer modernen Gesellschaftsstruktur begreift, die durch die Ausdifferenzierung von Funktionssystemen wie Wirtschaft, Erziehung, Recht oder Literatur gekennzeichnet ist in Deutschland reflektiert die romantische Poetik diesen Prozess. Literarische Kommunikation wird als Beobachtung zweiter Ordnung aufgefasst, die zwischen dem Aktuellen und Potenziellen oszilliert und so Ordnungsformen deutlich macht. Gleichzeitig wird das autonome und ausdifferenzierte Literatursystem von seiner Umwelt beobachtet. Die Literaturgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts instrumentalisiert es für politische Ziele, während das neue Urheberrecht und das Buch als Ware zu einer gesteigerten Dynamik der literarischen Produktion beitragen

"From morn to midnight" and the question of intermediality in expressionism

This article aims to reassess the question of intermediality in expressionism in regard to "From morn to midnight". Written between 1912 and 1915 by Georg Kaiser and published in 1916, the text has been staged in many theatres from 1917 on. In 1920 director Karl Heinz Martin undertook its transposition into film. The first part of this investigation examines the text in relation to theatrical traditions and possible adaptations of cinematic techniques. It then analyzes the scenic aspects of its staging in the context of the new visuality of expressionist theatre while the third part takes a closer look at the cinematic adaption in the context of the long lasting debate on expressionist cinema.O presente artigo objetiva reavaliar a questão intermedial do expressionismo referente à "Da aurora à meia-noite", obra destacada de Georg Kaiser. O texto, escrito entre 1912 e 1915, e publicado em 1916, foi encenado em inúmeros teatros a partir de 1917. Em 1920, o diretor Karl Heinz Martin realizou sua transposição para o medium fílmico. A primeira parte do presente estudo analisa a forma textual de "Da aurora à meia-noite" entre tradição teatral e possíveis adaptações de técnicas cinematográficas. A seguir, investiga-se o aspecto visual de sua encenação no âmbito da nova visualidade expressionista no teatro, enquanto que a terceira parte se ocupa do filme "Da aurora à meia-noite" no contexto da permanente discussão sobre o chamado cinema expressionist

Herbert Caro ou o tradutor como lenda

Fifteen years after his death in 1991 one can trace a certain tendency to turn the person and personality of Herbert Caro into a legendary figure where his work as a recognized translator mingles with episodes related to his passion for music as well as his specific kind of humour. It is therefore of no surprise that Caro himself turned into a literary character of the novel As Confissões de Lúcio by Brazilian writer Fernando Monteiro

Kant: autonomia ou estética compromissada?

This article analyses the influence of Kant on conceptions and definitions of modern literature and art in publications by Lyotard, Kothe, Weber and Luhmann. It is argued that central issues in these publications, such as artistic autonomy, the sublime and the concept of L’art pour l’art, are adopted directly from Kant’s philosophical work and still serve as paradigms in the discussion of origin and status of modern social structure and its art production.Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss von Kant auf Konzepte der modernen Kunst, wie sie etwa in Arbeiten von Lyotard, Kothe, Weber oder Luhmann formuliert werden. Zentrale Punkte sind die Begriffe der Autonomie, des Erhabenen sowie L’art pour l’art als Paradigmen innerhalb der Diskussion über Beginn und Entwicklung der künstlerischen und sozialen Moderne

E.T.A. Hoffmann e a questão óptica

In Hoffmann’s tales, visual references and optical devices play an important role as thematic and structural components. This article will analyze this subject in a historical context where the social differentiation and the optical media result in a questioning of observation and perspective. Hoffmann’s writing may therefore be conceived, at least partially, through his position towards visibility. This paper will first provide a general look at the interrelations between Hoffmann’ s texts and certain painting styles and then take a closer look at “The Sandman” as a keywork for romantic perspectivism

Literatura e luz : iluminação elétrica, teatro e o filme expressionista

This article discusses the influence of electric illumination on theatre and the so called expressionist film. It starts with a short historical overview and will then argue that the only film with a narrative as well as a visual design in expressionist tradition is From Morn to Midnight, based on a play written in 1912 by Georg Kaiser and released in same year (1920) as its legend counterpart The Cabinet of Caligari. But different then Caligari or many other famous German silent movies from the 1920s it is not located in a romantic shadow world, syntactically created by lightning effects, but renounces the dark and spooky irrational in favor of an urban environment in the early twentieth century: a story of money, erotic seduction, escapist fantasies, eccentric bohemian life, crime and rapid alteration of scenes

On Brazilian Cinema: A Portrait of Director and Producer Walter Salles

Walter Salles is probably the most widely known Brazilian director and producer. This article offers a portrait of his work over the last two decades as part of the cinematic and cultural changes that took place in Brazil. It starts with a historical overview of Brazilian film history and will then take a closer look at the films directed by Salles and his activities as producer. By looking at the evolution of the Brazilian film industry in the last ten to fifteen years in terms of market structures as well as aesthetic qualities, two major references become apparent: the more (but not only) commercial oriented productions of Globo Filmes, which often meet public taste and rely on a well-proven television language; second, the movies of Walter Salles as well as the films produced by Videofilmes, a company run and founded in 1987 by him and his brother, the documentarist João Moreira Salles. Videofilmes not only fosters many of the somewhat marginal, smaller film projects, but also serves as support for more artistically orientated movies

MEDIEN, KUNST UND KOMMUNIKATION

This article is an interdisciplinary study focalizing on the European artistic and social panorama. Starting point is the conception of modern society as a society of information where media as printing, photography, film, TV, electronic archives and networks co-define the social reality. The Gutenberg-press therefore did not only signify a new technological process offering cheaper copies but redefined the traditional face to face communication towards a normatized, specific and impersonal communication in the diverse social systems, a process largely consolidated around 1800. This article aims a pragmatic vision on the medial ruptures of printing press, photography, film and internet and its effects on the arts.O presente artigo insere-se no âmbito dos estudos interdisciplinares, focalizando o panorama artístico e social europeu. O ponto de partida é a concepção da sociedade moderna como sociedade de informação na qual os media imprensa, fotografia, filme, tv, arquivos eletrônicos e redes de informação, entre outros co-definem a realidade social. Assim, a imprensa de Gutenberg não significou apenas um novo processo técnico, possibilitando cópias mais econômicas, mas redefiniu a comunicação social tradicional da face to face em direção a uma comunicação normatizada, específica e impessoal nos diversos sistemas sociais, consolidada no final do século XVIII. Constitui o objetivo central do artigo oferecer uma visão pragmática referente as rupturas mediais centrais a imprensa, a fotografia, o filme e a Internet e os efeitos sobre a produção artística