PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS IN FEMALE STUDENTS OF TERNOPIL STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Background. Lifestyle is one of the major factors in the optimal development of systems and functions of human organism and health. The appropriate level of physical activity is the integral component of a healthy lifestyle.Objective. The study was aimed to investigate the level of physical activity of the female students of Medical University.Methods. We applied the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in the long version as a research method.Results. The study was conducted among 333 female students of Medical University of the first, second and third year of study. Detailed International Physical Activity Questionnaire evaluating physical activity, such as work, housework, sport, and physical activity during leisure time, was completed.Conclusions. The examined female students of medical university are characterized by high level of total physical activity. Place of residence during the studies does not differentiate significantly the level of physical activity of female students

Observational study of chromospheric heating by acoustic waves

Aims. To investigate the role of acoustic and magneto-acoustic waves in heating the solar chromosphere, observations in strong chromospheric lines are analyzed by comparing the deposited acoustic-energy flux with the total integrated radiative losses. Methods. Quiet-Sun and weak-plage regions were observed in the Ca II 854.2 nm and H-alpha lines with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) at the 1.6-m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) on 2019 October 3 and in the H-alpha and H-beta lines with the echelle spectrograph attached to the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT) on 2018 December 11 and 2019 June 6. The deposited acoustic energy flux at frequencies up to 20 mHz was derived from Doppler velocities observed in line centers and wings. Radiative losses were computed by means of a set of scaled non-LTE 1D hydrostatic semi-empirical models obtained by fitting synthetic to observed line profiles. Results. In the middle chromosphere (h = 1000-1400 km), the radiative losses can be fully balanced by the deposited acoustic energy flux in a quiet-Sun region. In the upper chromosphere (h > 1400 km), the deposited acoustic flux is small compared to the radiative losses in quiet as well as in plage regions. The crucial parameter determining the amount of deposited acoustic flux is the gas density at a given height. Conclusions. The acoustic energy flux is efficiently deposited in the middle chromosphere, where the density of gas is sufficiently high. About 90% of the available acoustic energy flux in the quiet-Sun region is deposited in these layers, and thus it is a major contributor to the radiative losses of the middle chromosphere. In the upper chromosphere, the deposited acoustic flux is too low, so that other heating mechanisms have to act to balance the radiative cooling.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, 3 table

Observational study of chromospheric heating by acoustic waves

Aims. Our aim is to investigate the role of acoustic and magneto-acoustic waves in heating the solar chromosphere. Observations in strong chromospheric lines are analyzed by comparing the deposited acoustic-energy flux with the total integrated radiative losses. Methods. Quiet-Sun and weak-plage regions were observed in the Ca ii 854.2 nm and H lines with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) at the 1.6-m Goode Solar Telescope on 2019 October 3 and in the H and H lines with the echelle spectrograph attached to the Vacuum Tower Telescope on 2018 December 11 and 2019 June 6. The deposited acoustic energy flux at frequencies up to 20 mHz was derived from Doppler velocities observed in line centers and wings. Radiative losses were computed by means of a set of scaled non-local thermodynamic equilibrium 1D hydrostatic semi-empirical models obtained by fitting synthetic to observed line profiles. Results. In the middle chromosphere (h = 1000–1400 km), the radiative losses can be fully balanced by the deposited acoustic energy flux in a quiet-Sun region. In the upper chromosphere (h > 1400 km), the deposited acoustic flux is small compared to the radiative losses in quiet as well as in plage regions. The crucial parameter determining the amount of deposited acoustic flux is the gas density at a given height. Conclusions. The acoustic energy flux is e ciently deposited in the middle chromosphere, where the density of gas is su ciently high. About 90% of the available acoustic energy flux in the quiet-Sun region is deposited in these layers, and thus it is a major contributor to the radiative losses of the middle chromosphere. In the upper chromosphere, the deposited acoustic flux is too low, so that other heating mechanisms have to act to balance the radiative cooling

Оптимизация метода исследования маммосферообразования для оценки il-6 индуцированной стволовой пластичности дифференцированных клеток рака молочной железы

The aim of the study was mammosphere assay optimization for quantifcation of IL6-induced stemness in differentiated (СD44– ) T47D breast cancer cells.Material and Methods. The effect of three commonly used cell-detaching methods (TrypLE, accutase, cell scrapper) at various confuence (40–50 % and 70–80 %) on cell viability, phenotypic profle and mammosphere formation was tested. The cell viability was examined using AnnexinV/propidium iodide assay. The phenotypic profle was analyzed by fow cytometry with fuorescent markers CD24 and CD44.Results. Detachment of the cells using scrapper led to substantial increase in early apoptotic and late apoptotic cells in comparison with TrypLE and accutase. Dissociation with TrypLE reduced the percentage of detected CD44+ positive cells, whereas accutase saved the surface marker. The number of mammosphere and their diameter did not differ between groups. Incubation of differentiated (CD44– CD24+) T47D cells with IL-6 for 24 hours resulted in an appearance of CD44+CD24+ and CD44+CD24–/low subpopulation. Furthermore, the differentiated cells after 24 hours of IL6 exposure formed 3 times more mammospheres compared to the control.Conclusion. Usage of cells with confuence of no more than 80 % and accutase for detachment of cells is recommended for mammosphere assay. Incubation of CD44– CD24+ T47D cells with IL6 for 24 hours is suffcient for stimulation of stemness plasticity. Цель исследования – оптимизация метода оценки образования маммосфер после индуцированной интерлейкином 6 (IL6) стволовой пластичности у дифференцированных (CD44– ) опухолевых клеток линии рака молочной железы человека T47D.Материал и методы. Проведена оценка жизнеспособности, цитофлуориметрического профиля клеток и их способности к маммосферообразованию при различной исходной конфлюентности (40–50 % и 70–80 %) и методах снятия с поверхности пластика (использование TrypLE, аккутазы, скребка для клеток). Жизнеспособность клеток оценивали методом проточной цитометрии с использованием флуоресцентно-меченного АннексинV и йодистого пропидия. Динамику изменения экспрессии поверхностных маркеров клеток оценивали методом проточной цитометрии с флуоресцентно-меченными антителами к CD24 и CD44.Результаты. Применение скребка для снятия клеток приводило к существенному повышению количества клеток с цитофлуориметрическими признаками раннего и позднего апоптоза по сравнению с использованием TrypLE и аккутазы. Использование TrypLE приводило к снижению количества CD44+ клеток, тогда как аккутаза не влияла на представленность данного маркера. Количество маммосфер и их средний диаметр не отличались между исследуемыми группами. Стимуляция дифференцированных (CD44– CD24+) клеток линии T47D IL6 уже через 24 ч приводила к появлению популяций CD44+CD24+ прогениторных и CD44+CD24–/low опухолевых стволовых клеток. Дифференцированные клетки после стимуляции IL6 в течение 24 ч образовывали в 3 раза больше маммосфер по сравнению с контролем.Заключение. Для оценки маммосферообразования целесообразно использовать клетки с конфлюентностью до 80 % и применять аккутазу для снятия с поверхности пластика. Для стимуляции стволовой пластичности у дифференцированных клеток линии T47D достаточной является их инкубация с IL6 в течение 24 ч.

Modulation of vascular reactivity by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)

Purpose of Review: In this review we discuss the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the modulation of vascular contractility and arterial pressure, focusing on the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and oxidative stress/inflammation. Recent Findings: PVAT possesses an relevant endocrine-paracrine activity, which may be altered in several pathophysiological and clinical conditions. During the last two decades it has been shown PVAT may modulate vascular reactivity. It has also been previously demonstrated that inflammation in adipose tissue may be implicated in vascular dysfunction. In particular, adipocytes secrete a number of adipokines with various functions, as well as several vasoactive factors, together with components of the renin-angiotensin system which may act at local or at systemic level. It has been shown that the anticontractile effect of PVAT is lost in obesity, probably as a consequence of the development of adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Summary: Adipose tissue dysfunction is interrelated with inflammation and oxidative stress, thus contributing to endothelial dysfunction observed in several pathological and clinical conditions such as obesity and hypertension. Decreased local adiponectin level, macrophage recruitment and infiltration, and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system could play an important role in this regards

‘Capacity for what? Capacity for whom?’ A decolonial deconstruction of research capacity development practices in the Global South and a proposal for a value-centred approach

Whilst North to South knowledge transfer patterns have been extensively problematised by Southern and decolonial perspectives, there is very little reflection on the practice of research capacity development (RCD), still strongly focused on technoscientific solutionism, yet largely uncritical of its underlying normative directions and power asymmetries. Without making transparent these normative and epistemological dimensions, RCD practices will continue to perpetuate approaches that are likely to be narrow, technocratic and unreflexive of colonial legacies, thus failing to achieve the aims of RCD, namely, the equitable and development-oriented production of knowledge in low- and middle-income societies. Informed by the authors’ direct experience of RCD approaches and combining insights from decolonial works and other perspectives from the margins with Science and Technology Studies, the paper undertakes a normative and epistemological deconstruction of RCD mainstream practice. Highlighting asymmetries of power and material resources in knowledge production, the paper’s decolonial lens seeks to aid the planning, implementation and evaluation of RCD interventions. Principles of cognitive justice and epistemic pluralism, accessibility enabled by systems thinking and sustainability grounded on localisation are suggested as the building blocks for more reflexive and equitable policies that promote research capacity for the purpose of creating social value and not solely for the sake of perpetuating technoscience

Cardiopoietic cell therapy for advanced ischemic heart failure: results at 39 weeks of the prospective, randomized, double blind, sham-controlled CHART-1 clinical trial

Cardiopoietic cells, produced through cardiogenic conditioning of patients' mesenchymal stem cells, have shown preliminary efficacy. The Congestive Heart Failure Cardiopoietic Regenerative Therapy (CHART-1) trial aimed to validate cardiopoiesis-based biotherapy in a larger heart failure cohort