Farklı üreme yaşındaki keçilerde dondurulmuş sperma ile servikal tohumlam

Artificial insemination (AI) in goat is currently limited by the poor fertility obtained following the cervical insemination with frozen-thawed semen. The objective of the present study was to determine the efficiency of frozen semen use in two different breeding ages at Saanen goats. The effects of synchronization and fertility rates were also examined. Ninety-eight (98) Saanen goats were divided into two groups: Group-1 = 49 (7-months-old) and Group-2 = 49 (19-month- old) does. Estrus was synchronized by impregnated intravaginal sponges (30 mg; fluogestone acetate, FGA), and i.m. administration of 50 µg of cloprostenol (PGF2α) and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG, 500 IU), at 48 h before sponge removal. Cervical fixed time AI was carried out with frozen semen 43 h after removal of the sponges during the breeding season. Estrus was detected by teaser buck. The occurrence of estrus in Group-1 and Group-2 were 71.4%, 63.3%, respectively (p>0.05). Sixty-six (66) goats were inseminated with frozen‐thawed semen. The pregnancy rate was determined by abdominal scanning. Pregnancy rates were (Group-1: 31.4%, Group-2: 32.3%) not differed significantly between age groups (p>0.05). Besides, higher lambing rates were obtained in Group-1 (145.5%) than in Group-2 (90.0%) due to increased prolificacy and reduced embryonic failure. In conclusion, Saanen goats in younger ages, starting from the 7 months old age could be included in the breeding programs and could provide several benefits such as higher percentages of synchronization success and prolificacy.Keçide dondurulmuş sperma ile servikal suni tohumlama (ST) uygulaması düşük gebelik oranları nedeniyle halen sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı iki farklı üreme yaşındaki Saanen keçilerinde donmuş sperma kullanımının etkinliğini belirlemekti. Senkronizasyon ve gebelik oranlarının etkileri de incelenmiştir. Doksan sekiz (98) dişi Saanen keçisi iki gruba ayrıldı: Grup-1 = 49 (7 aylık) ve Grup-2 = 49 (19 aylık) keçi. Östrus 11 gün süresince intravajinal sünger (30 mg; fluogestone acetate, FGA) ve süngerin çıkarılmasından 48 saat önce 50 ug kloprostenol (PGF2a) ve gebe kısrak serum gonadotropini (PMSG, 500 IU) ile senkronize edildi. Sabit zamanlı servikal tohumlama dondurulmuş sperma ile üreme mevsiminde süngerlerinin çıkarılmasından 43-45 saat sonra gerçekleştirildi. Östrus arama tekesi ile tespit edildi. Grup 1 ve Grup 2'de östrus görülme oranları sırasıyla %71.4, %63.3 olarak tespit edildi (p>0.05). Altmışaltı (66) keçi dondurulmuş-çözdürülmüş spermayla tohumlandı. Gebelik abdominal ultrasonografi ile belirlendi. Gebelik oranları (Grup-1: %31.4, Grup-2: %32.3) yaş grupları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık göstermedi (p>0.05). Ayrıca, artan çoklu doğum ve azalan embriyonik kayıplar sayesinde Grup-1’de (%145.5), Grup-2’ye (%90.0) göre daha yüksek oranda yavru elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Saanen keçileri, 7 aylık yaştan itibaren suni tohumlama programlarına alınabilir ve yüksek senkronizasyon başarısı ve yavru verimine gibi birçok fayda sağlayabilir

Farklı süre ve sıcaklıklarda çözdürülen boğa spermalarının morfolojik fonksiyonlarının CASA cihazı ile değerlendirmesi

Thawing condition is one the most important factors affecting the re-animation of the spermatozoon in order to fertilise the oocyte. For that matter, we aimed to evaluate the morphological features of the head and midpiece of cryopreserved spermatozoa thawed at different temperatures and for various durations, with using CASA (Computer aided sperm analyser). Frozen semen samples belonging to the same batch, collected from three different bulls were grouped as; control group thawed for 20 seconds at 37 ℃; and experimental groups were thawed for 30, 40, 50 and 60 s at 25 ℃ and 37 ℃; for 10, 15, 20 and 25 s at 40 ℃; for 3, 6, 9, 12 s at 70 ℃. Morphometrical features of the samples were evaluated by using CASA system with nine repetitions. As a result, straws thawed at 25℃ for 40 s had the highest average length of head (6.22 ± 0.09 μm), and the width of midpiece (0.68 ± 0.01 μm). It was concluded that the thawing temperature and duration has affected/altered the morphometry of the sperm head and midpiece, although the results were not statistically significant (p> 0.005).Suni tohumlamada kullanılan dondurulmuş spermanın çözüm sonu parametrelerini belirleyen faktörlerin başında çözdürme koşulları gelmektedir. Yapılan araştırma ile Simental, Holstein ve Brown Swiss ırkı boğaların donmuş spermalarının, deneysel olarak belirlenen farklı sıcaklık ve sürelerde çözdürülmesi sonucu CASA cihazı ile spermatozoon başı ve orta kısmına ait parametreler bakımından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada gruplar; kontrol grubu 37 ℃’de 20 saniye; deney grupları ise, 25 ℃’de 30, 40, 50 ve 60 sn.; 37 ℃’de 30, 40, 50 ve 60 sn.; 40 ℃’de 10, 15, 20 ve 25 sn.; 70 ℃’de 3, 6, 9, 12 sn. olarak belirlenmiştir. Üç farklı ırk boğaya ait, tek ejakülasyonda elde edilen dondurulmuş boğa spermaları, 9 tekrarda CASA parametreleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. 25 ℃’de 40 sn.’de çözdürülen spermaların baş uzunluklarının (6.22 ± 0.09), orta kısım genişliğinin (0.68 ± 0.01) diğer sıcaklık ve sürelere göre daha yüksek ortalamaya sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Çözdürme sıcaklık ve süresinin spermatozoon baş ve orta kısmına dair parametreleri değiştirdiği ancak elde edilen sonuçların istatiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p> 0.005)

Relationship between WISC-R subtests and psychiatric symptom groups in attention and learning disorders

Purpose: In this study, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or learning disorder (LD), we aimed to investigate the differentiating capacity of several instruments including Weschler Intelligence Tests (WISC-R) and Learning Disorder Battery. Materials and Methods: The children (72-131 mo.) that where diagnosed with ADHD and/or LD (total n: 81, boy n: 63 [77.8%]) were included. While the children were tested, active symptoms were remitted in a part of children (Clinical Global Impression below 3). Therefore, participants' active diagnoses were ADHD: 11, LD: 33, both: 15, or remitted: 22, and the children were grouped accordingly. Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and LD Battery were used. Results: The cases with LD (LD plus both) had significantly worse scores in all tests of LD Battery except for duration of reading and all subscores of WISC-R except for similarities compared to the cases without LD. The cases with ADHD (ADHD plus both) had significantly worse scores only in draw a clock of LD Battery and cipher of WISC-R compared to the cases without ADHD. Conclusion: WISC-R and LD Battery are valid and reliable instruments to differentiate several interrelated disorders (LD, ADHD, and/or both) and they have a good predictive validity to differentiate the cases that respond well to the treatments

Morbid obezitede gastrik histopatolojik bulgular ve Ghrelin ekspresyonu

Objective: The role of Ghrelin, also known as the appetite hormone, is not fully explained in the development of morbid obesity. Plasma Ghrelin level is low in obese and high in slim subjects. Ghrelin-expressing cells were investigated histopathologically in the stomach of morbid obese patients in this study. Tissue Ghrelin expression was also compared with various parameters such as the distribution of endocrine cells, age, gender, body mass index, preoperative plasma Ghrelin level and presence of accompanying diseases. Material and Method: The study included 33 morbidly obese patients, and 8 non-obese control patients. Plasma Ghrelin levels were measured preoperatively. Sleeve gastrectomy resection materials of 33 cases were evaluated with histopathological and immunohistochemical (Ghrelin and Chromogranin-A) techniques. The results were statistically evaluated by nonparametric tests. Results: Histopathological findings observed in sleeve gastrectomy resection materials were interstitial lymphocytic infiltration (63.6%), hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in the lamina propria (60.7%) and microvesiculation / dilatation of parietal cells (57.6%). The number of Ghrelin immunopositive cells in the gastric mucosa in females was significantly higher compared to males (p=0,007). Additionally, the number of Ghrelin immunopositive cells was significantly higher at the fundus-proximal corpus compared to the distal corpus of the stomach (p=0.0001). No significant correlation was found between Ghrelin-chromogranin immunopositive endocrine cell distribution and preoperative plasma Ghrelin levels and endocrine cell hyperplasia. Conclusion: Our study confirms that Ghrelin producing cells are most dense in the proximal stomach. Increased number of Ghrelin expressing cells in the gastric mucosa in females compared to males suggests that gender may also be a factor in determining the method for treatment of morbid obesity

The effects of antitrombin ııı on lung injury in a model of experimental acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis, especially in the severe form, is a well-known disease causing both local intraabdominal and remote organ disturbances, including lungs. As a natural inhibitor of serine proteases, antithrombin was previously shown to attenuate the tissue damage after ischemia-reperfusion, sepsis, and shock in several organ systems. Here, we examined the effects of antithrombin on pulmonary injury in a rat acute pancreatitis model. Thirty male Wistar-Albino rats underwent median laparotomy and randomized into three groups: group I (control) bilio-pancreatic duct was dissected but not ligated (n=10), group II (acute pancreatitis group) bilio-pancreatic duct was ligated (n=10), and group III (AT treated group) AT III 250 U/Kg was injected following bilio-pancreatic duct ligation (n=10). After observation time (48 hours) animals were sacrificed and myeloperoxidase activity together with tissue wet/dry ratio in the lung parenchyma were assessed and compared. There was a statistically significant increase in the quantity of myeloperoxidase activity and tissue wet/dry ratio of lungs in the acute pancreatitis group when compared to the control group. Treatment of animals with antithrombin partly reduced the pulmonary injury characterized by increased tissue wet/dry ratio and myeloperoxidase activity. But this reduction was not found to be statistically significant. Beneficial effects of AT in preventing pulmonary injury following experimental models of sepsis and ischemia-reperfusion have been reported previously. In our model of experimental acute pancreatitis, AT showed some attenuating effect on pulmonary injury despite it was limited when compared to that of ischemiareperfusion and sepsis models. This result suggests that some other confounding factors may be involved in the mechanisms of pulmonary injury related to acute pancreatitis. We believe that further detailed studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms of that injury.Akut pankreatitte gelişen akciğer hasarına Antitrombin III'ün etkisi araştırıldı. 30 adet rat üç gruba ayrıldı ( n=10). Grup I (Kontrol grubu): Laparotomi ve bilio-pankreatik kanal hazırlığı yapıldı. Grup II (Akut pankreatit grubu):Bilio-pankreatik kanal bağlanarak akut pankreatit ve akciğer hasarı oluşturuldu. Grup III (Tedavi grubu): Bilio-pankreatik kanal bağlandı ve Antitrombin III verilerek akciğer dokusunun ıslak/kuru ağırlık oranı ve miyeloperoksidaz aktivitesindeki değişimler ölçüldü. Grup II ve III de miyeloperoksidaz aktivitesi ve ıslak/kuru ağırlık oranındaki artış kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksek saptandı (p<0.0001). Grup III de miyeloperoksidaz ve ıslak/kuru oranında azalma görüldü. Fakat bu değişim istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı. Literatürde deneysel iskemi-reperfüzyon ve sepsis modellerinde gelişen akciğer hasarı üzerine olumlu etkileri bildirilen Antitrombin III'ün, çalışmamızda oluşturulan pankreatite bağlı akciğer hasarını kısmen azalttığı, fakat bu etkinin iskemi-reperfüzyon ve sepsis modellerine göre çok daha sınırlı kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu da pankreatite bağlı akciğer hasarının oluşum mekanizmasında etkili başka faktörlerin olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu konuda altta yatan mekanizmaları aydınlatmak için ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır

Exploring strategies to prevent post-lobectomy space: transient diaphragmatic paralysis using Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTX-A)

OBJECTIVE: Various techniques to reduce air space after pulmonary lobectomy especially for lung cancer have been an important concern in thoracic surgical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection into the diaphragm to reduce air space after right lower pulmonary lobectomy in an animal model. METHODS: Twelve male New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated into two groups. All animals underwent right lower lobectomy. Then, normal saline of 0,1 ml and 10 units of 0,1 ml Botulinum toxin type A were injected into the muscular part of the right hemidiaphragm in control (n = 6) and BTX-A groups (n = 6) respectively. Residual air space and diaphragmatic elevation were evaluated with chest X-ray pre- and postoperatively. Diaphragmatic elevation was measured as a distance in millimetre from the line connecting the 10th ribs to the midpoint of the right hemidiaphragm. RESULTS: The mean diaphragmatic elevation in BTX-A and control groups were 7.0 ± 2.5 and 1.3 ± 1.2 millimetres respectively. Diaphragmatic elevations were significantly higher in BTX-A group (p = 0.0035). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative Botulinum toxin type A injection may reduce postlobectomy spaces effectively via hemidiaphragmatic paralysis in rabbits. Further studies are needed to validate the safe use of Botulinum toxin type A in human beings

Rationale, design, and methodology of the MORCOR-TURK trial: predictors of in-hospital MORtality in CORonary care patients in Turkey

Background: Coronary care units are sophisticated clinics established to reduce deaths due to acute cardiovascular events. Current data on coronary care unit mortality rates and predictors of mortality in Turkey are very limited. The MORtality predictors in CORonary care units in TURKey (MORCOR-TURK) trial was designed to provide information on the mortality rates and predictors in patients followed in coronary care units in Turkey. Methods: The MORCOR-TURK trial will be a national, observational, multicenter, and noninterventional study conducted in Turkey. The study population will include coronary care unit patients from 50 centers selected from all regions in Turkey. All consecutive patients admitted to coronary care units with cardiovascular diagnoses between 1 and 30 September 2022 will be prospectively enrolled. All data will be collected at one point in time, and the current clinical practice will be evaluated (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT05296694). In the first step of the study, admission diagnoses, demographic characteristics, basic clinical and laboratory data, and in-hospital management will be assessed. At the end of the first step, the predictors and rates of in-hospital mortality will be documented. The second step will be in cohort design, and discharged patients will be followed up till 1 year. Predictors of short- and long-term mortality will be assessed. Moreover, a new coronary care unit mortality score will be generated with data acquired from this cohort. Results: The short-term outcomes of the study are planned to be shared by early 2023. Conclusion: The MORCOR-TURK trial will be the largest and most comprehensive study in Turkey evaluating the rates and predictors of in-hospital mortality of patients admitted to coronary care units

Characteristics of food allergy in children: National multicenter study

Conference: Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology (EAACI) Location: Lisbon, PORTUGAL Date: JUN 01-05, 2019Background : Food allergies impose a significant burden on the life of the child and the family. In this study, to determine the demographic characteristics of food allergies, we investigated the characteristics of patients with food allergies in different regions of Pediatric Allergy- Immunology departments in Turkey. Method : Turkey ' s National Study of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Society has conducted a Study Group on Food Allergies. 25 centers participated in this multicenter, cross- sectional and descriptive study.European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunolog

Systemic and local antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis graft infection

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the in vivo efficacy of local and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis graft infection in a rat model and to evaluate the bacterial adherence to frequently used prosthetic graft materials. METHODS: Graft infections were established in the subcutaneous tissue of 120 male Wistar rats by implantation of Dacron/ePTFE grafts followed by topical inoculation with 2 × 10(7 )CFUs of clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis. Each of the graft series included a control group, one contaminated group that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis, two contaminated groups that received systemic prophylaxis with teicoplanin or levofloxacin and two contaminated groups that received teicoplanin-soaked or levofloxacin-soaked grafts. The grafts were removed 7 days after implantation and evaluated by quantitative culture. RESULTS: There was significant bacterial growth inhibition in the groups given systemic or local prophylaxis (P < 0.05). Methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis had greater affinity to Dacron graft when compared with ePTFE graft in the untreated contaminated groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that the usage of systemic or local prophylaxis and preference of ePTFE graft can be useful in reducing the risk of vascular graft infections caused by staphylococcal strains with high levels of resistance

Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Döl verimini Etkileyen Reprodüktif Parametreler

Reproductive success is the most important component of a profitable cattle livestock enterprise. The most important aim in dairy or beef cattle is the reproductive success. The profitability of business in dairy cattle breeding is measured by the milk yield and in beef cattle breeding; it is measured by the speed of live weight gain. For both cases it is essential for cattle to give birth once in a year. This can only be achieved with a proper reproduction management. Therefore, these parameters are utilized to measure the reproductive performance of cattle. In this review, the effect on fertility of reproductive parameters, which hold and important place in the management of the cattle enterprise, is discussed.Reprodüktif başarı karlı bir sığır işletmesinin en önemli bileşenidir. Süt ya da et sığırı yetiştiriciliğinde en önemli hedef ise reprodüktif başarıdır. İşletmenin karlılığı, süt sığırı yetiştiriciliğinde süt verimi ile et sığırı yetiştiriciliğinde hızlı canlı ağırlık kazanımı ile ölçülmektedir. Her iki durum için de yetiştirilen ineklerin yılda bir kez yavru vermesi şarttır. Yılda bir yavru almak ise ancak iyi bir reprodüktif yönetim ile sağlanabilir. Bu yüzden sığırların reprodüktif performanslarının ölçülmesinde bu parametrelerden faydalanılır. Bu derlemede, sığırcılık işletmelerinin yönetiminde önemli yer tutan reprodüktif parametrelerin dölverimi üzerine olan etkisi ele alınmıştır