Tyrnin versolaikkutaudin leviämisbiologia ja testaus tyrnin lisäysaineistosta

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The effect of disinfectants on fungi in pure culture and on different surface materials

The effect of eight disinfectants was tested on 11 fungi. The concentrations recommended by the manufacturers were mostly used in the present trials. Five and 15 min treatment times were too short for most preparations. The best efficacy was achieved at 60 min treatment lime. In pure cultures, all disinfectants tested were most effective against Pythium sp. Overall, the most effective preparation was Desinfektol EL which was effective against all fungi tested at 5 min treatment time. Wood surfaces were more difficult to disinfest than metal and plastic surfaces. Rhizoctonia solani and Verticillium dahliae were highly susceptible only to Desinfektol EL, and NaOCl controlled Pythium sp. and Botrytis cinerea. None of the preparations controlled completely the other test fungi. On metal surfaces the most effective disinfectants were Desinfektol EL and NaOCl; moderately effective were lobac P and Menno-Ter-forte. Korsolin was the least effective preparation. Verticillium dahliae and Phomopsis sderotioides were difficult to kill. The easiest fungi to disinfest were Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, B. cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, Mycocentrospora acerina and Phoma foveata. Fungi grown on plastic surfaces were best controlled with Desinfektol EL. Also NaOCl, Menno-Ter-forte and lobac P were effective. Korsolin was the least effective preparation. The easiest fungi to eradicate were Pythium sp. and R. solani. The most difficult fungi were V. dahliae and P. sderotioides. Both peat and clay deteriorated the efficacy of the disinfectants except for Desinfektol EL

The effect of disinfectants on fungal diseases of potato and vegetables

Treatments of one and ten minutes were too short for all disinfectants against fungi in peat and plant debris. The best effect was achieved with a treatment of 90 min. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was the most effective and Korsolin and Virkon S were the least effective in the control of Fusarium culmorum and F. oxysporum. Virkon S (2%) was the most effective against Mycocentrospora acerina and Phoma foveata. Soaking for 15 min and 60 min in a disinfection suspension eradicated Botrytis cinerea and P. foveata totally from the contaminated plastic pots. Fusarium spp. were the most difficult fungi to disinfect and these were best controlled with formaline, lobac P, Menno-Ter-forte and sodium hypochlorite. lobac P, formaline, Menno-Ter-forte, Taloset and Virkon S were the most effective disinfectants against club rot (Plasmodiophora hrassicae). Washing under running water was not sufficient to eradicate club rot. Against Rhizoctonia -induced damping off of cauliflower the most effective disinfectants were formaline and Virkon S

Desinfiointiaineiden soveltuvuus pelto- ja kasvihuonetuotannossa

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The phytotoxicity of disinfectants and their effect at different temperatures

When disinfecting plastic growth containers, only sodium hypochloride (NaClO) caused damage both to cucumber and lettuce seedlings grown on peat if the containers had not been washed with water after disinfection. Also the seedlings grown on rockwool cubes were susceptible to Menno-Ter-forte when the growth containers were not properly rinsed after disinfection. All tested disinfectants caused damage to cucumber, lettuce and cauliflower seedlings when mixed in the peat substrate. The efficiency of disinfectants was higher at +20°C than at +5°C, especially against Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. A decrease in temperature affected least the efficacy of NaOCl and Menno-Ter-forte and most that of Virkon S

Yield reduction caused by a soil-borne disease of naked, dwarf, and conventional oat in Finland

A severe disease occurred in the field plots of naked (cv. Salomon), dwarf (cv. Pal), and conventional oat (cvs. Jalostettu maatiainen and Salo) at the Viikki Experimental Farm of the University of Helsinki, Finland, in 1994 and 1995. Symptoms were expressed as grayish-brown necrotic areas on the lower leaves which killed plants from the seedling to heading stage, the effect being cultivar dependent. The proportion of plants killed contributed to the yield losses. The infection also resulted in less grains per panicle and lower weight of both panicle and vegetative above-ground biomass. From a total of 57 fungal isolates obtained from infected leaves, Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. and F. sambucinum Fuck, dominated and subsequently caused infection (particularly foot and root rot) in oat in laboratory tests. These two Fusarium spp. were considered to be the primary causal agents of the symptoms observed in the field, although other pathogens may have been present. The disease was probably soil-borne. The results of this study suggested that the unusually dry and warm weather during late June and in July was the principal factor behind the severe disease outbreak

Impact of copper and zinc on the growth of saprotrophic fungi and the production of extracellular enzymes

Peer reviewe

STUDI TEKNO-EKONOMI MESIN PENGIRIS BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa var ascalonicum (L) Back) BUATAN UPTD BMP-TPH BUKITTINGGI

STUDI TEKNO-EKONOMI MESIN PENGIRIS BAWANG MERAH(Allium cepa ascalonicum (L) Back) BUATAN UPTD BMP-TPH BUKITTINGGI Fitri Amelia, Santosa, Andasuryani ABSTRAK Tanaman bawang merah termasuk tanaman holtikultura dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan, penambah cita rasa dan nilai estetika pada menu makanan. Pengirisan merupakan satu cara pengolahan dan penangganan bawang merah yang sering dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan melakukan studi tekno-ekonomi mesin pengiris bawang merah buatan Unit Pelayanan Teknis Daerah Balai Mekanisasi Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Hortikultura Bukittinggi, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2018. Bawang merah yang digunakan adalah varietas bima. Metode yang dilakukan pada pengamatan ini dengan cara mengganti ukuran puli, sehingga RPM akan berubah. RPM yang digunakan pada pengamatan ini sebesar 1114, 1300 dan 1560. Masing-masing RPM dilakukan sebanyak lima kali ulangan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian mesin bahwa RPM yang lebih cocok digunakan adalah 1560 karena kapasitas kerja lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 96,93 kg/jam, energi spesifik lebih rendah yaitu sebesar 0,0038687 kW.jam/kg dan biaya pokok yang lebih rendah yaitu Rp 1164,38,-/kg. Kata kunci – Bawang Merah, Pengirisan, RPM, Studi Tekn