Intensional Semantics for Syllogistics: what Leibniz and Vasiliev Have in Common

This article deals with an alternative interpretation of syllogistics, different from the classical (extensional) one: an intensional one, in which subject and predicate are not associated with a set of individuals (the extension of the concept) but a set of attributes (the content of the concept). The authors of the paper draw attention to the fact that this approach was first proposed by Leibniz in works on logical calculus, which for a long time remained in the shadow of his other philosophical works. Currently, the intensional approach is gaining more and more popularity due to the development of non-classical logics, and the article will present several existing intensional formal syllogistic semantics. The paper will also consider another historical approach to syllogistics, associated with the name of the Russian logician Nikolai Vasiliev, who is not only one of the founders of non-classical (non-Aristotelian logic) but also of a different intensional interpretation of such logic. The authors, along with the already known formalizations of Vasiliev’s ideas, present two new systems. One of them is a reconstruction of one type of imaginary logic with statements of three qualities: affirmative and two types of negative statements (with absolute and ordinary negation). The second system is the one that is adequate to semantics, in which instead of the four classical ones, only three types of statements are presented (two particular statements are replaced by one - accidental), and their significance is determined through the relation of the classical logical entailment. Both of them are interpreted intensionally. The intensional approach in logic and, in particular, in syllogistics allows us to expand the class of accepted principles (which occurs due to the expansion of the class of correct moods of syllogisms)

Prospects of development of remote education in Russia on the example of the Universarium

This article considers the prospects for the development of distance learning in Russia on the example of the UniversariumВ данной статье рассмотрены перспективы развития дистанционного обучения в России на примере проекта Универсариу

The value of tourist destinations in the management of regional development

Ericsson’s Region IPR & Licensing (RIPL) receives about 3000 thousands Invention Disclosures (IvDs) every year submitted by researchers as a result of their R&D activities. To decide whether an IvD has a good business value and a patent application should be filed; a rigorous evaluation process is carried out by a selected Patent Attorney (PA). One of most important elements of the evaluation process is to find prior art similar, including similar IvDs that have been evaluated before. These documents are not public and therefore can’t be searched using available search tools. For now the process of finding prior art is done manually (without the help of any search tools) and takes up significant amount of time. The aim of this Master’s thesis is to develop and test an information retrieval search engine as a proof of concept to find similar Invention Disclosure documents and related patent applications. For this purpose, a SOLR database server is setup with up to seven thousand five hundred (7500) IvDs indexed. A similarity algorithm is implemented which is customized to weight different fields. LUCENE is then used to query the server and display the relevant documents in a web application

Analysing Creative Image Search Information Needs

Creative professionals in advertising, marketing, design and journalism search for images to visually represent a concept for their project. The main purpose of this paper is to present search facets derived from an analysis of documents known as briefs, which are widely used in creative industries as requirement documents describing information needs. The briefs specify the type of image required, such as the content and context of use for the image and represent the topic from which the searcher builds an image query. We take three main sources—user image search behaviour, briefs, and image search engine search facets to examine the search facets for image searching in order to examine the following research question—are search facet schemes for image search engines sufficient for user needs, or is revision needed? We found that there are three main classes of user search facet, which include business, contextual and image related information. The key argument in the paper is that the facet “keyword/tag” is ambiguous and does not support user needs for more generic descriptions to broaden search or specific descriptions to narrow their search — we suggest that a more detailed search facet scheme would be appropriate

Аномальный рост зерен в криогенно-деформированной меди

Structural changes in cryogenically deformed copper during long-term (up to two years) room-temperature ageing were investigated. It is found that the structure formed under high (e=8.2) cryogenic deformation is unstable and is characterized by abnormalous grain growth. It is shown that the grain growth is preceded by a long (up to a year) incubation period. It is revealed that the structure rapidly losses stability with an increase in accumulated cryogenic strain

Криогенная деформация меди

The effect of cryogenic deformation on the structure refinement of copper was studied

Analysing creative image search information needs.

Creative professionals in advertising, marketing, design and journalism search for images to visually represent a concept for their project. The main purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of documents known as briefs to find search facets, which are widely used in creative industries as a requirements document to describe an information need. The briefs specify the type of image required, such as the content and context of use for the image, and represent the topic from which the searcher builds an image query. This research takes three main sources - user image search behaviour, briefs, search engine meta-data - to examine the search facets for image searching in order to examine the following research question - are meta-data schemes for image search engines sufficient for user needs, or is revision needed? This research found that there are three main classes of user search facet, which include business, contextual and image related information. The key argument in the paper is that the facet 'keyword/tag' is ambiguous and does not support user needs for more generic descriptions to broaden search or specific descriptions to narrow their search - we suggest that a more detailed search facet scheme would be appropriate

Формирование микроструктуры в ходе криогенной прокатки меди

Проведена тщательная аттестация микроструктуры и механических свойств меди, подвергнутой различной степени криогенной прокатки. Показано, что эволюция зеренной структуры, в основном, определялась геометрическим эффектом деформации. На основе анализа текстурных данных был сделан вывод, что криогенные условия деформации не привели к фундаментальному изменению характера пластического течения, и основным механизмом деформации было дислокационное {111} скольжение. Установлено, что криогенная прокатка приводит к существенному увеличению прочности и некоторому снижению пластичности

Влияние криогенной осадки на микроструктуру катаной мелкозернистой меди

Исследована возможность существенного измельчения зерен в технически чистой меди путем криогенной осадки. Установлено, что эволюция структуры в целом определялась сплющиванием исходных зерен в ходе деформации. Анализ текстурных данных и спектра разориентировок показал, что основным механизмом пластического течения являлось обычное {111} дислокационное скольжение при несущественном вкладе механического двойникования