Lifelong education: the experience of formation of common cultural competences in extracurricular activities of the University

The article deals with the experience of formation of General cultural competences of future teachers of vocational training in extracurricular activities of the UniversityРассматривается опыт формирования общекультурных компетенций будущих педагогов профессионального обучения во внеучебной деятельности вуз

Важность бизнес-инкубаторов в развитии современного образования

Развитие малого и среднего бизнеса, является одним из наиболее важных в решение вопросов развития экономики России.The development of small and medium business is one of the most important in the decision of questions of development of economy of Russia

Осложнения при формировании превентивных стом при хирургическом лечении рака прямой кишки

Background. Anastomotic leakage is one of the most severe complications of colorectal cancer surgery. The formation of a preventive stoma can avoid the consequences of this complication. Given the increase in the rate of sphincter-preserving surgeries, the number of surgeries with the formation of preventive stoma has also increased significantly. There are several techniques and each of them has its advantages and disadvantages.The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of surgical treatment and techniques of preventive stoma formation.Material and Methods. The retrospective study included 353 patients with stage II–IV rectal cancer who underwent surgery with the formation of preventive stoma (110 with ileostomy formation, 243 with transversostomy) from 2016 to 2020. Both intraoperative parameters (operation time, blood loss, intraoperative complications) and postoperative parameters (postoperative bed-day, complications) were evaluated. Immediate complications within 30 days after surgery using the Clavien–Dindo complication scale and infectious complications mainly related to the stoma formation (prolapse, stoma retraction, presence of peristomal dermatitis, reoperation) were assessed.Conclusion. The choice in the formation of a preventive ileo- or transversostomy during rectal resection has no effect on the frequency of anastomosis failure; however, there is a tendency that patients with colostomy spend fewer bed days in a hospital. Stoma-related complications in the postoperative period are mild and can be treated conservatively in the vast majority of cases. In compliance with the standardized surgical procedures and the protocol of perioperative management of patients, the number of severe complications is minimal. It is necessary to evaluate the second step of management of patients with preventive stomas – their elimination. Актуальность. Несостоятельность анастомоза после резекции прямой кишки при колоректальном раке является одним из самых жизнеугрожающих осложнений. Формирование превентивной стомы – основной способ избежать последствий этого осложнения. С учетом неуклонного роста сфинктеросохраняющих операций количество операций, заканчивающихся формированием стомы, также значительно выросло. Существует несколько методик, и каждая из них имеет свои преимущества и недостатки.Цель исследования – сравнить эффективность хирургического лечения и методик формирования превентивной стомы.Материал и методы. Проведено ретроспективное исследование, в которое включены 353 больных раком прямой кишки II–IV стадии, перенесших первый этап хирургического лечения рака с формированием стомы (110 – с формированием илеостомы, 243 – с трансверзостомы) в отделении колопроктологии ГБУЗ СПбКНПЦ СВМП(о) с 2016 по 2020 г. Оценке подверглись общие интраоперационные (длительность, кровопотеря, интраоперационные осложнения) и послеоперационные показатели (послеоперационный койко-день). Главный интерес представляли общие осложнения (с использованием шкалы осложнений Clavien–Dindo в течение 30 дней после операции) и осложнения, связанные с формирование стомы, – инфекционные осложнения, пролапс стомы, ретракция стомы, наличие перистомального дерматита, повторные вмешательства.Заключение. Выбор при формировании превентивной илео- или трансверзостомы при резекции прямой кишки не влияет на частоту несостоятельности анастомоза, однако отмечено, что пациенты с колостомой проводят меньшее число койко-дней в условиях стационара. Осложнения со стороны стомы в послеоперационном периоде в подавляющем большинстве случаев легкой степени тяжести и могут быть купированы консервативно. При соблюдении стандартной техники хирургического вмешательства, протокола периоперационного ведения пациентов количество осложнений тяжелой степени минимально. Необходима оценка второго этапа ведения пациентов с превентивными стомами – их устранения

Building A Model and an Algorithm for Modeling the Movement of People Carrying Goods When They Are Evacuated From Premises

Evacuation is often the only way to save a person who is in a life-threatening situation. At present, evacuation software is used to simulate the movement of human flows, which does not always reflect the real processes of their movement. Therefore, it is a relevant task to build models for modeling the movement of human flows for different types of emergencies, different categories of human movement, and various spatial forms of their representation. Such a task arises when evacuating people from premises for various functional purposes. During evacuation, people often carry some goods. When people move carrying some goods, their horizontal projection takes a more complex shape than an ellipse or circle considered in earlier studies. Moreover, in practice, there is often a task to model the movement of people taking into consideration the maximum permissible distances between them. This paper reports the new quasi-phi functions of interaction between the ellipse and rectangle accounting for the maximum allowable distances between them. The proposed mathematical apparatus has made it possible to formalize the interaction between objects, thereby enabling the construction of a well-substantiated mathematical model, as well as the methods and algorithms for modeling the movement of people carrying some goods. The possibility to simulate the movement of people with certain objects has shown taking into consideration the maximum permissible distances between them. A test example of the movement of people along four corridors was simulated, in each of which there were 28 people subsequently merging into one flow. Given the uniform distribution of three types of cargo: «backpacks», «suitcases», and «bags on wheels», the movement slowed down by about 4 %. When half of the evacuees had «bags on wheels» that can move away from people at arm's length, the slowdown was about 6 %

The airborne multichannel radio-meter complex "Kyi" for remote sounding of the Earth from space

The paper give a short description of the “Kyi” radio-meter complex for equipping the “Sich-3” artificial earth satellite designed for solving problems of Earth monitoring from the space