Seed yield and oil content of some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids irrigated at different growth stages

This research was carried out to determine the effects of irrigation applied at different growth stages on yield, yield components and oil content of sunflower during 2002 and 2003. Sunflower cultivars Sanbro, Tarsan-1018 and Ozdemirbey were used as materials in the experiment which was designed in a split plot of randomized complete blocks with three replications. Seven irrigation schedules; I0 = nonirrigated (control), I1 = irrigation at vegetative stage, I2 = irrigation at heading stage, I3 = irrigation at flowering stage, I4 = I1 + I3 (two irrigations) I5 = I1 + I2 + I3 (three irrigations) and I6 = I1 + I2 + I3 + irrigation at milking stage were applied. According to the results of the research, plant height and head diameter by cultivars and irrigations ranged between 106 to 183 cm and 12.5 to 19.3 cm, respectively. Irrigations at all growth stages increased seed yield by 43.1% in 2002 and 77.2% in 2003. The results revealed that three irrigations should be scheduled at vegetative, bud formation and flowering stages. Under severe conditions of water scarcity, it would be better if irrigation is applied at flowering stage.Key words: Sunflower, irrigation, yield, oil ratio

Seeing eye to eye: social augmented reality and shared decision making in the marketplace

Firms increasingly seek to improve the online shopping experience by enabling customers to exchange product recommendations through social augmented reality (AR). We utilize socially situated cognition theory and conduct a series of five studies to explore how social AR supports shared decision making in recommender–decision maker dyads. We demonstrate that optimal configurations of social AR, that is, a static (vs. dynamic) point-of-view sharing format matched with an image-enhanced (vs. text-only) communicative act, increase recommenders’ comfort with providing advice and decision makers’ likelihood of using the advice in their choice. For both, these effects are due to a sense of social empowerment, which also stimulates recommenders’ desire for a product and positive behavioral intentions. However, recommenders’ communication motives impose boundary conditions. When recommenders have strong impression management concerns, this weakens the effect of social empowerment on recommendation comfort. Furthermore, the stronger a recommender’s persuasion goal, the less likely the decision maker is to use the recommendation in their choice

Social media marketing strategy: definition, conceptualization, taxonomy, validation, and future agenda

Although social media use is gaining increasing importance as a component of firms’ portfolio of strategies, scant research has systematically consolidated and extended knowledge on social media marketing strategies (SMMSs). To fill this research gap, we first define SMMS, using social media and marketing strategy dimensions. This is followed by a conceptualization of the developmental process of SMMSs, which comprises four major components, namely drivers, inputs, throughputs, and outputs. Next, we propose a taxonomy that classifies SMMSs into four types according to their strategic maturity level: social commerce strategy, social content strategy, social monitoring strategy, and social CRM strategy. We subsequently validate this taxonomy of SMMSs using information derived from prior empirical studies, as well with data collected from in-depth interviews and a quantitive survey among social media marketing managers. Finally, we suggest fruitful directions for future research based on input received from scholars specializing in the field

Flexible models of integrated marketing communication effects

This thesis comprises three essays and investigates complex effects of integrated marketing communications, using advanced statistical and econometric models. The first essay focuses on the measurement of complex multi-media communications effects such as thresholds, saturation levels and cross-media synergies. We use, MARS, a non-parametric regression method based on multivariate adaptive splines, and show that it, successfully trading-off the bias reduction and variance increase, performs superior to parametric and non-parametric benchmarks in model fit and predictive validity. The results provide compelling evidence to one or more threshold points, saturation levels, early saturation for newspaper advertisements and support for possible supersaturation for certain media. Moreover, we quantify the observed threshold and saturation levels using non-parametric derivatives and find that majority of the media perform in inefficient spending ranges. The second essay examines the dynamic effects of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) in a market where regulations impose restrictions on the type and content of prescription pharmaceutical advertising. We identify three research questions that should be of great managerial interest: Whether DTCA is a reasonable option to choose under these regulations. If so, which type of DTCA is more effective, and when? We pursue these questions by examining data on new and refill prescriptions for a novel pharmaceutical through the implementation of an Augmented Kalman Filter with continuous state and discrete observations (AKF(C-D)). Our findings suggest the presence of complex DTCA dynamics for the two types of regulation-induced advertising messages. We discuss implications and provide extensive validation tests that confirm the superiority of our modeling approach. The final essay investigates the influence of market heterogeneity on the consumer and physician directeCette thèse comprend trois essais et examine les effets complexes des communications marketing intégrées, utilisant des modèles statistiques et économétriques avancés. Le premier essai se concentre sur la mesure des effets complexes des communications multimédia comme les seuils minimums, les niveaux de saturation et les synergies des médias croisés. Nous utilisons, MARS, une méthode de régression non paramétrique basée sur des courbes adaptatives multivariables, et ce qui démontre qu'équilibrant avec succès la réduction de l'erreur moyenne et de l'écart de l'augmentation, MARS s'exécute mieux aux points de référence paramétriques et non paramétriques dans l'ajustement du modèle et la validité prédictive. Les résultats fournissent la preuve irréfutable d'un ou plusieurs points de seuil minimum, de niveaux de saturation, de la saturation précoce pour les publicités dans la presse écrite et d'un appui pour une possible sursaturation de certains médias. De plus, nous évaluons quantitativement le seuil observé et les niveaux de saturation en utilisant des dérivés non paramétriques et constatons que la majorité des médias s'exécute dans des gammes de dépenses inefficaces.Le deuxième essai examine les effets dynamiques de la publicité directe au consommateur (DTCA) dans un marché où les règlements imposent des restrictions sur le type et le contenu de la publicité pour les prescriptions pharmaceutiques. Nous identifions trois questions de recherche qui devraient être de grand intérêt en gestion, c'est-à-dire : Si la DTCA est une option raisonnable à choisir conformément à ces règlements ? S'il en est ainsi, quel type de DTCA est le plus efficace et quand ? Nous poursuivons ces questions en examinant des données sur les nouvelles prescriptions et les renouvellements de prescriptions pour un nouveau médicament par la mise en oeuvre d'un Filtre Kalman Aug

Catalyzing social change: Does concentration encourage action?

Countless social problems demand solutions, from climate change and gun control to poverty and systemic racism. But while some of these problems inspire action (e.g., “Black Lives Matter” and “Me Too” movements), most fail to gain traction or inspire new policy. Why do some problems garner more attention and response? We suggest that the relative timing of related events may play an important role. Specifically, action may be more likely when related events are concentrated in time. A multi-method investigation tests this possibility. Study 1 borrows a modeling strategy from the economics and marketing literatures to examine a particularly important domain: gun control. Analysis of over 40 years of gun control legislation finds that, even after controlling for the frequency of mass shootings, bills are more likely to be proposed (and passed) when shootings are concentrated in time. Study 2 further tests concentration’s causal impact and demonstrates that concentration increases support against sexual assault. These findings illustrate how a modeling approach commonly used to study advertising goodwill can be applied to a broader set of situations, suggest why some social problems are more likely to catalyze action, and shed light on drivers of social movements and collective action

Presence of acrylamide and heterocyclic aromatic amines in breaded chicken meat products and dietary exposure of Turkish population from Ankara based on the food frequency questionnaire study

This study investigated the acrylamide (AA) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) exposure, according to age groups, estimated using a food frequency questionnaire study in combination with analytical data on AA and HAAs levels of chicken drumsticks (CDs), chicken wings (CWs), chicken burgers (CBs), and chicken nuggets (CNs), collected from fast food restaurants. The average AA amount estimated in CDs, CWs, CBs, and CNs was 174.30, 20.75, 58.60, and 71.42 A mu g/kg coating, respectively, and the corresponding 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) amounts were 16.37, 34.80, 4.31, and 8.46 A mu g/kg meat. The estimated maximum total exposure to AA and MeIQx was 17.11 and 10.70 ng/kg of body weight per day (bw/day), respectively, for participants aged 15-25 years. Regarding all age groups, the contribution of the various chicken products to the combined AA intake, ranked in decreasing order of CDs > CNs > CBs > CWs. The corresponding alignment for the contribution to the combined MeIQx intake from the various chicken products decreased in the order of CWs > CDs > CNs > CBs. In conclusion, our findings showed that younger people aged 15-25 years, are exposed to a twofold higher AA and MeIQx intake when compared with people aged 26-35 years, due to their higher consumption rate of breaded chicken products

TDZ x IBA induced shoot regeneration from cotyledonary leaves and in vitro multiplication in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

A high frequency adventitious shoot regeneration protocol for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. Dinçer with high yield (Turkish cultivar) using cotyledonary leaves of 10 day-old seedlings were optimized by studying the influence of different combinations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Cotyledonary leaves were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of TDZ and IBA. The highest percentage of regenerated shoots (33.33%) and the highest number of shoots per explant (6.5) occurred on a MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l TDZ and 0.25 mg/l IBA. Furthermore, cotyledonary nodes and meristem tips of 14 day-old seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of N6-benzylamino-purine (BAP) alone or combination of -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Direct multiple shoots from cotyledonary nodes and meristem tips developed within 18 - 21 days in most media tested. 100% shoot multiplication was achieved from cotyledonary node and meristem tip on a range of MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and NAA