Образ дзеркала та естетичні ідентифікації суб’єкта в символіці художньої творчості (The image of a mirror and aesthetic identification of subject in art creativity symbolism)

У статті досліджений спектр семантичних значень символу дзеркала в мистецтві та показана виняткова роль цього художнього образу в розкритті проблем ідентичності суб’єкта. Наявність різних модусів «дзеркала» (ціле, деформоване, розбите, реальне, порожнє) у творі дозволяє виробити уявлення про внутрішній статус естетичного суб’єкта в той чи інший історичний період. (The spectrum of semantics of mirror symbol in art and the significanсe of this image in disclosing problems of the subject’s identity are researched in the article. The motif of «a man in the mirror» is used to depict moments of self-reflection, introspection of character in works of art. It is a «mirror» becomes a symbol with the wide range of connotations related to human subjectivity and identity of the subject (an author, a character, a recipient). A «mirror» in art is allegory of self-knowledge, wisdom, selfrighteousness, selfishness, pride, lust, luxury, vanity, dissimulation, mimicry and even annihilation. The symbol of the person, who immerse himself in contemplation of his own «Ego» in a mirror, is a mythological character Narcissus. This image used throughout the history of art embodies many meaning and senses as well as the mirror. Narcissus is the highest expression of introspection, complete absorption in himself, egomania and absolute break with society The mirror also provides the subject with another, opposite possibility – to see himself among the others, compare himself with someone or something, and, therefore, to understand his place in the social or spiritual space. Thus, artists often represent character vis-a-vis a»mirror» to give him the opportunity to see himself in some context: in the context of his own life, in the context of ideal prescriptions or in the context of society. So the identity is acquired between these two positions – self-discovery, introspection and comparison, mimicry. The art via various modes of «mirror «(whole, deformed, broken, real, empty) demonstrates the results of such searches for identity and allows to develop the idea of the internal status of the aesthetic subject in a particular historical period.

Technology and Physico-chemical Properties of Gelatin from Atlantic Cod Skin

In this work, the technology of fish gelatin from the skin of Atlantic cod from the Barents Sea was developed. The influence of enzyme type, extraction time, and pH of extraction on properties of fish gelatin was studied. The usage of proteolytic enzymes increases the yield of gelatin in comparison with acidic treatment, but the molecular weight of gelatin and viscosity of its solution decrease. The results observed related to the cleavage of peptide bonds of collagen during the enzymolysis process. The increase the time of extraction leads to an increase in molecular weight and quality of gelatin obtained. It was shown that gelatin obtained can be successfully used in the production of functional food products based on fish raw materials. The results obtained are of great importance for the fish-processing industry. They allow transforming existing technologies into non-waste processes and thereby enhance the effectiveness of enterprises and create better environmental conditions

Social networks as a tools of learning of the students of secondary vocational education

The article considers use of social networks as tools of learning students of the secondary vocational education. The authors show examples of social networking in education. Also shows examples of the use of social networks in the learning activities of students in the secondary vocational educationВ статье рассматриваются вопросы использования социальных сетей как средство обучения студентов среднего профессионального образования (СПО). Приводятся примеры социальных сетей в образовании, а также примеры использования социальных сетей в учебной деятельности студентов СП

Organizational and activity support of lessons with the application of social media services

The article discusses the use of social services that ensure the quality of the educational process, presents the results of the design of the training session with the use of social servicesВ статье рассмотрены вопросы применения социальных сервисов, обеспечивающих качество организации образовательного процесса, представлены результаты проектирования учебного занятия с применением социальных сервисо

THE GENERATION OF CODING SEQUENCES OF CELLULAR GENOME THROUGH COOPTION OF VIRAL GENES

This review attempts to summarize the available data concerning the influence of viruses on the generation of the cellular genome coding genes content. For a long time endogenous retroviruses have been considered as selfish elements of the organism genome. But now there is growing evidence that endogenous retroviruses are more than genome junk and can serve as source for new coding sequences allowing organism evolution. Many genes derived from retroviruses have been identified in eukaryote through comparative genomics and functional analyses. In particular, genes derived from gag structural protein and envelope (env) genes, as well as from the integrase-coding and protease-coding sequences, have been identified in humans and other vertebrates. It has been proved that a number of these genes fulfill essential functions for the development and survival of their host. One of the best known co-opted retroviral genes encoded syncytin plays a key role in the placenta development. It is interesting that during mammalian evolution retroviral envelope genes have been domesticated several times independently to generate syncytin. The activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein Arc is important for cognitive functions and memory formation. Arc was one of over 100 human proteins that have been ‘‘domesticated’’ from the retrotransposon remains of ancient viruses. A number of genes that code the transcription factors have emerged as a result of “taming” the viral genes by the host organism. Now growing evidence reveals that not only retroviruses but other RNA viruses are reverse-transcribed and integrated into the genome of infected cells. It has been recently demonstrated that all Homo sapiens bornavirus like nucleoproteins (EBLN) are expressed in at least one tissue and consequently may have function.The co-option of the viral sequences not only can lead to the major evolutionary innovations, but also is able to create interspecies polymorphism.What it has been described here is probably only the tip of the iceberg, and future genome analyses will certainly uncover new virus-derived genes

The ordered disintegration of nuclear DNA as a specific genome reaction accompanying apoptosis, stress response and differentiation

The treatment of agarose embedded nuclear or cellular preparations with protein denaturing agents resulted in ordered cleavage of intact nuclear DNA into high molecular weight fragments with the pattern of fragmentation being unityped for various eukaryotic representatives. We snowed that the set of DNA fragments represents the pre-existing DNA structural domains attributed to the higher levels of chromatin folding, and presented evidence allowing to interpret the nuclear DNA domain organization as a constituent component of topoisomerase III DNA complex with its ability to mediate the cleavage/religation reactions. We demonstrated that changes in the integrity of nuclear DNA, recognizable as an altered pattern of SDS-dependent cleavage of nuclear DNA into high molecular weight DNA fragments, took place at the early stage of apoptosis, upon number of stress challenges and in cells showing various proliferative status. The changes in the integrity of nuclear DNA affected by various influences were shown to be prompt and seem to be of transient nature. The results obtained allow to conclude that changes in the integrity of nuclear DNA revealed as an altered pattern of SDS-dependent high molecular weight DNA cleavage may present the specific genome reaction accompanying the physiological changes in the cells during apoptosis, stress response and differentiation.Уданій роботі показано, що при дії на «заплавлені» в агарозу препарати клітин та ядер білкових денатурантів відбувається упорядковане крупноблочне розщеплення інтактної ядерної ДНК. Фрагменти, що утворюються при цьому, являють собою передіснуючі структурні домени ядерної ДНК, які відповідають виищм рівням упакування хроматину. їх можна розглядати як конститутивний компонент ядерного комплексу ДНК/топоізомераза II, спроможного здійснювати реакцію розщеплення – воз'єднання ДНК Встановлено, що зміна нативності, або цілісності, ядерної ДНК, яка виявляється у зміні характеру DS-Na-золежного крупноблочного розщеплення, ядерної ДНК, відбувається на ранніх етапах апоптозу під дією різноманітних стресових факторів, а також у клітинах з різним рівнем проліферативної активності. Отримані результати дозволяють припустити, що спостережені зміни нативності ядерної ДНК можуть бути специфічною геномною реакцією, яка супроводжує фізіологічні процеси в клітині приаіюптозі, відповіді на стрес або діференціювання.В данной работе показано, что воздействие на препараты «заплавленных» в агарозу клеток или ядер белковых денатурантов приводит к упорядоченному крупноблочному расщеплению интактной ядерной ДНК. Фрагменты, образующиеся при этом, являют собой предсуществующие структурные домены ядерной ДНК, соответствующие высшим уровням упаковки хроматина. Их можно рассматривать как конститутивный компонент ядерного комплекса ДНК/ топоизомераза II, способного осуществлять реакцию расщепления/воссоединения ДНK Установлено, что изменение нативности, или целостности, ядерной ДНК, проявляющееся в изменении характера DS-Na-зависимого крупноблочного расщепления ядерной ДНК, происходит на ранних этапах апоптоза под влиянием всевозможных стрессовых факторов, а также в клетках с различным уровнем пролиферативной активности. Эти изменения происходят быстро и могут иметь обратимый характер. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить, что наблюдаемые изменения нативности ядерной ДНК могут представлять собой специфическую геномную реакцию, сопровождающую физиологические процессы в клетке при апоптозе, ответе на стресс или дифференцировке