Implementation of Transmission Line Fault Detection System using Long Range Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes a fault detection system designed for transmission lines using Long-Range Wireless Sensor Network (LoRAWSN). The system is designed to detect and locate faults across transmission lines in real-time, which can significantly improve the reliability and efficiency of power transmission systems. A WSN will be built across transmission lines over an area. The faults identified by these sensor nodes is then transmitted to a central control unit, which analyses and displays the data. The LoRaWAN technology enables the WSN to cover long distances while consuming minimal power, making it ideal for monitoring transmission lines. The proposed fault detection system is evaluated through real world experiments, which demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system. Overall, this paper presents a novel and practical approach for fault detection on transmission lines, which has the potential to improve the reliability and efficiency of power transmission systems

Genetic, biochemical, and molecular studies of the Bowman-Birk inhibitors in the genus Glycine Willd

Crosses were made between soybean accessions with reduced Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) content and cvs. Kunitz and Williams 82. The BBI (chymotrypsin inhibitor activity) inherited as a quantitative/multigenic trait with 18-34% of the F\sb2 progeny exceeding the high parent (cv. Kunitz) in their activity suggesting a transgressive nature of inheritance. A "new" electrophoretic band with trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities segregated in a 3:1 ratio for the presence and absence. No linkage was observed between the Ti allele (the KTI) and the BBI activity or the new isoinhibitor band.The genes encoding BBI are transcriptionally activated early in embryo development and then repressed towards the late-maturation stage in soybean seed. A unique 1.4 kb EcoRI restriction fragment was found in all the soybean low-BBI accessions instead of a 1.8 kb fragment in cvs. Kunitz and Williams 82.A total of 568 accessions from 12 wild perennial species of the genus Glycine was screened for the presence or absence of immunocrossreactive proteins to a monoclonal antibody against soybean BBI (mAB 238) using a competitive ELISA method. Wild perennial Glycine species with A, E, and F genomes contained proteins that were crossreactive to mAB 238. By contrast, the B and C genome species did not contain mAB 238 crossreactive proteins (BBI-nulls). The presence or absence of mAB 238 crossreactive proteins can be used as a marker in the genome analysis of Glycine species.All the wild perennial Glycine species contained trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors. There were highly significant variations among the wild perennial species in the electrophoretic profiles of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, migration patterns of anti-KTI and anti-BBI immunocrossreactive proteins, and trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities of seeds. All the wild perennial species also contained DNA sequences that crosshybridized to the soybean BBI cDNA and produced transcripts that were of same size as but less abundant than those of soybean.Total seed protein profiles, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor migration patterns, and anti-KTI, anti-BBI and anti-soybean seed lectin immunocrossreactive protein profiles confirmed the presence of three distinct genomic groups (T\sb1, T\sb5, and T\sb6) in 78-chromosome G. tomentella accessions. Phylogenetic analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism data using a maximum parsimony method also supported such grouping.U of I OnlyETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissio

Duplicated fie Genes in Maize: Expression Pattern and Imprinting Suggest Distinct Functions

Two maize genes with predicted translational similarity to the Arabidopsis FIE (Fertilization-Independent Endosperm) protein, a repressor of endosperm development in the absence of fertilization, were cloned and analyzed. Genomic sequences of fie1 and fie2 show significant homology within coding regions but none within introns or 5′ upstream. The fie1 gene is expressed exclusively in the endosperm of developing kernels starting at ∼6 days after pollination. fie1 is an imprinted gene showing no detectable expression of the paternally derived fie1 allele during kernel development. Conversely, fie2 is expressed in the embryo sac before pollination. After pollination, its expression persists, predominantly in the embryo and at lower levels in the endosperm. The paternal fie2 allele is not expressed early in kernel development, but its transcription is activated at 5 days after pollination. fie2 is likely to be a functional ortholog of the Arabidopsis FIE gene, whereas fie1 has evolved a distinct function. The maize FIE2 and sorghum FIE proteins form a monophyletic group, sharing a closer relationship to each other than to the FIE1 protein, suggesting that maize fie genes originated from two different ancestral genomes