102 research outputs found
Four New BL Lac Surveys: Sampling New Populations
The advent of large area deep radio and X-ray surveys is leading to the
creation of many new BL Lac samples. In particular, the ROSAT All-Sky, Green
Bank and FIRST surveys are proving to be rich sources of new BL Lacs. We will
discuss the methods used in four independent BL Lac searches based on these
surveys. Comparison of the broadband spectral energy distributions of these BL
Lacs with those of previously known objects clearly points to the existence of
a large previously unrecognized population of objects with characteristics
intermediate between those exhibited by Low and High energy peaked BL Lacs.Comment: 4 pages, 3 postscript figures, To be published in the Proceedings of
the conference "BL Lac Phenomenon" held in Turku, Finland, June 22-26, 199
On the relationship between BL Lacertae objects and radio galaxies
We present deep radio images at 1.4 GHz of a large and complete sample of BL
Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) selected from the Deep X-ray Radio Blazar Survey
(DXRBS). We have observed 24 northern sources with the Very Large Array (VLA)
in both its A and C configurations and 15 southern sources with the Australia
Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in its largest configuration. We find that in
the DXRBS, as in the 1-Jy survey, which has a radio flux limit roughly ten
times higher than the DXRBS, a considerable number (about a third) of BL Lacs
can be identified with the relativistically beamed counterparts of
Fanaroff-Riley type II (FR II) radio galaxies. We attribute the existence of FR
II-BL Lacs, which is not accounted for by current unified schemes, to an
inconsistency in our classification scheme for radio-loud active galactic
nuclei (AGN). Taking the extended radio power as a suitable measure of
intrinsic jet power, we find similar average values for low- (LBL) and
high-energy peaked BL Lacs (HBL), contrary to the predictions of the blazar
sequence.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, accepted by MNRA
Flux density measurements of a complete sample of faint blazars
We performed observations with the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope to
measure flux densities and polarised emission of sources selected from the
"Deep X-ray Radio Blazar Survey" (DXRBS) to better define their spectral index
behaviour in the radio band, with the aim to construct a homogeneous sample of
blazars. Sources were observed at four different frequencies with the
Effelsberg 100-m telescope. We complemented these measurements with flux
density data at 1.4GHz derived from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey.The spectral
indices of a sample of faint blazars were computed making use of almost
simultaneous measurements. Sixty-six percent of the sources can be classified
as "bona fide" blazars. Seven objects show a clearly inverted spectral index.
Seventeen sources previously classified as flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs)
are actually steep spectrum radio quasars (SSRQs). The flux densities obtained
with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope at 5GHz are compared with the flux
densities listed in the Green Bank GB6 survey and in the Parkes-MIT-NRAO PMN
catalogue. About 43% of the sources in our sample exhibit flux density
variations on temporal scales of 19 or 22 years. We confirm that 75 out of 103
sources of the DXRBS are indeed FSRQs. Twenty-seven sources show a spectral
index steeper than -0.5 and should be classified as SSRQs. Polarised emission
was detected for 36 sources at 4.85GHz. The median value of the percentage of
polarised emission is (5.8+-0.9$)%. Five sources show rotation measure (RM)
values >200 rad m^-2.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
ASCA and contemporaneous ground-based observations of the BL Lacertae objects 1749+096 and 2200+420 (BL Lac)
We present ASCA observations of the radio-selected BL Lacertae objects
1749+096 (z=0.32) and 2200+420 (BL Lac, z=0.069) performed in 1995 Sept and
Nov, respectively. The ASCA spectra of both sources can be described as a first
approximation by a power law with photon index Gamma ~ 2. This is flatter than
for most X-ray-selected BL Lacs observed with ASCA, in agreement with the
predictions of current blazar unification models. While 1749+096 exhibits
tentative evidence for spectral flattening at low energies, a concave continuum
is detected for 2200+420: the steep low-energy component is consistent the
high-energy tail of the synchrotron emission responsible for the longer
wavelengths, while the harder tail at higher energies is the onset of the
Compton component. The spectral energy distributions from radio to gamma-rays
are consistent with synchrotron-self Compton emission from a single homogeneous
region shortward of the IR/optical wavelengths, with a second component in the
radio domain related to a more extended emission region. For 2200+420,
comparing the 1995 Nov state with the optical/GeV flare of 1997 July, we find
that models requiring inverse Compton scattering of external photons provide a
viable mechanism for the production of the highest (GeV) energies during the
flare. An increase of the external radiation density and of the power injected
in the jet can reproduce the flat gamma-ray continuum observed in 1997 July. A
directly testable prediction of this model is that the line luminosity in
2200+420 should vary shortly after (~1 month) a non-thermal synchrotron flare.Comment: 28 pages,6 figures, 5 tables; LaTeX document. accepted for
publication in the Astrophysical Journa
VLBI observations of seven BL Lac objects from RGB sample
We present EVN observations of seven BL Lac objects selected from the RGB
sample. To investigate the intrinsic radiation property of BL Lac objects, we
estimated the Doppler factor with the VLA or MERLIN core and the total 408 MHz
luminosity for a sample of 170 BL Lac objects. The intrinsic (comoving)
synchrotron peak frequency was then calculated by using the estimated Doppler
factor. Assuming a Lorentz factor of 5, the viewing angle of jets was
constrained. The high-resolution VLBI images of seven sources all show a
core-jet structure. We estimated the proper motions of three sources with the
VLBI archive data, and find that the apparent speed increases with the distance
of components to the core for all of them. In our BL Lacs sample, the Doppler
factor of LBLs is systematically larger than that of IBLs and HBLs. We find a
significant anti-correlation between the total 408 MHz luminosity and the
intrinsic synchrotron peak frequency. However, the scatter is much larger than
for the blazar sequence. Moreover, we find a significant positive correlation
between the viewing angle and the intrinsic synchrotron peak frequency. The BL
Lac objects show a continuous distribution on the viewing angle. While LBLs
have a smaller viewing angle than that of IBLs and HBLs, IBLs are comparable to
HBLs. We conclude that the intrinsic synchrotron peak frequency is not only
related to the intrinsic radio power (though with a large scatter), but also to
the viewing angle for the present sample.Comment: 22 pages,15figures, published by A&
The milliarcsecond-scale jet of PKS 0735+178 during quiescence
We present polarimetric 5 GHz to 43 GHz VLBI observations of the BL Lacertae
object PKS 0735+178, spanning March 1996 to May 2000. Comparison with previous
and later observations suggests that the overall kinematic and structural
properties of the jet are greatly influenced by its activity. Time intervals of
enhanced activity, as reported before 1993 and after 2000 by other studies, are
followed by highly superluminal motion along a rectilinear jet. In contrast the
less active state in which we performed our observations, shows subluminal or
slow superluminal jet features propagating through a twisted jet with two sharp
bends of about 90 deg. within the innermost three-milliarcsecond jet structure.
Proper motion estimates from the data presented here allow us to constrain the
jet viewing angle to values < 9 deg., and the bulk Lorentz factor to be between
2 and 4.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
Multiwavelength Monitoring of the BL Lacertae Object PKS 2155-304 in May 1994. II. The IUE Campaign
PKS 2155-304, the brightest BL Lac object in the ultraviolet sky, was
monitored with the IUE satellite at ~1 hour time-resolution for ten nearly
uninterrupted days in May 1994. The campaign, which was coordinated with EUVE,
ROSAT, and ASCA monitoring, along with optical and radio observations from the
ground, yielded the largest set of spectra and the richest short time scale
variability information ever gathered for a blazar at UV wavelengths. The
source flared dramatically during the first day, with an increase by a factor
~2.2 in an hour and a half. In subsequent days, the flux maintained a nearly
constant level for ~5 days, then flared with ~35% amplitude for two days. The
same variability was seen in both short- and long-wavelength IUE light curves,
with zero formal lag (~<2 hr), except during the rapid initial flare, when the
variations were not resolved. Spectral index variations were small and not
clearly correlated with flux. The flux variability observed in the present
monitoring is so rapid that for the first time, based on the UV emission alone,
the traditional Delta L/Delta t limit indicating relativistic beaming is
exceeded. The most rapid variations, under the likely assumption of synchrotron
radiation, lead to a lower limit of 1 G on the magnetic field strength in the
UV emitting region. These results are compared with earlier intensive
monitoring of PKS 2155-304 with IUE in November 1991, when the UV flux
variations had completely different characteristics.Comment: 45 pages, Latex, 11 PostScript figures, to appear in The
Astrophysical Journa
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