4 research outputs found
Immunisation of migrants in EU/EEA countries: Policies and practices
In recent years various EU/EEA countries have experienced an influx of migrants from low and middle-income countries. In 2018, the “Vaccine European New Integrated Collaboration Effort (VENICE)” survey group conducted a survey among 30 EU/EEA countries to investigate immunisation policies and practices targeting irregular migrants, refugees and asylum seekers (later called “migrants” in this report). Twenty-nine countries participated in the survey. Twenty-eight countries reported having national policies targeting children/adolescent and adult migrants, however vaccinations offered to adult migrants are limited to specific conditions in seven countries. All the vaccinations included in the National Immunisation Programme (NIP) are offered to children/adolescents in 27/28 countries and to adults in 13/28 countries. In the 15 countries offering only certain vaccinations to adults, priority is given to diphtheria-tetanus, measles-mumps-rubella and polio vaccinations. Information about the vaccines given to child/adolescent migrants is recorded in 22 countries and to adult migrants in 19 countries with a large variation in recording methods found across countries. Individual and aggregated data are reportedly not shared with other centres/institutions in 13 and 15 countries, respectively. Twenty countries reported not collecting data on vaccination uptake among migrants; only three countries have these data at the national level. Procedures to guarantee migrants’ access to vaccinations at the community level are available in 13 countries. In conclusion, although diversified, strategies for migrant vaccination are in place in all countries except for one, and the strategies are generally in line with international recommendations. Efforts are needed to strengthen partnerships and implement initiatives across countries of origin, transit and destination to develop and better share documentation in order to guarantee a completion of vaccination series and to avoid unnecessary re-vaccination. Development of migrant-friendly strategies to facilitate migrants' access to vaccination and collection of vaccination uptake data among migrants is needed to meet existing gaps
An Approach to Model the Willingness to Use of E-Scooter Sharing Services in Different Urban Road Environments
E-scooter sharing services been grown exponentially within the last five years. They are based on the flexibility of accessing dense urban areas without specialized infrastructure. In modern cities, there are diverse road environments that impact the comfort, and therefore the attractiveness, of micro-mobility services. This study aims to investigate the willingness to use e-scooter sharing services, while considering the road environment. To formulate area-specific pricing policies, a stated preferences experiment with 243 respondents, who can be considered as potential users, is conducted in Athens, Greece and a binary logistic regression model with random beta parameters is developed. The analysis of the model marginal effects indicates that the integration of bonus points into micro-mobility services, combined with the option of transferring these points to parking services, can compensate a non-friendly road environment, thus increasing the service demand. The existence of roads with good pavement conditions and wide sidewalks significantly increased the willingness of respondents to use e-scooter sharing services. Unexpectedly, pedestrianized zones in a buffer area of 2 km radius from the trip origin reinforce the attractiveness of shared e-scooters, while the contribution of bike lanes and traffic calming streets (or shared space) were proven to be insignificant
Fibrous hydroxyapatite-carbon nanotube composites by chemical vapor deposition:In situ fabrication, structural and morphological characterization
<p>Fibrous hydroxyapatite (HA)-carbon nanotube composites were synthesized by the catalytic decomposition of acetylene over Fe-Co bimetallic catalysts supported on the fibrous HA. Two forms of fibrous HA (distinct needle-like monocrystals and spherulitic aggregates of needles) were synthesized using a simple precipitation method and loaded with bimetallic catalysts (from 2 up to 20 wt%) by a wet chemical impregnation method. The HA supported catalysts were evaluated for the in situ growth of carbon nanotubes using the catalytic chemical vapor deposition method. The effect of reaction temperature and metal loading on the yield, structural perfection and morphology of the carbon products were investigated using a combination of X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The results revealed that both the selection of the growing conditions and the metal loading determine the yield and overall quality of the synthesized carbon nanotubes, which exhibit high graphitization degree when synthesized in high yields. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>
Immunisation of migrants in EWEEA countries: Policies and practices
In recent years various EU/EEA countries have experienced an influx of
migrants from low and middle income countries. In 2018, the “Vaccine
European New Integrated Collaboration Effort (VENICE)” survey group
conducted a survey among 30 EU/EEA countries to investigate immunisation
policies and practices targeting irregular migrants, refugees and asylum
seekers (later called “migrants” in this report). Twenty-nine
countries participated in the survey. Twenty-eight countries reported
having national policies targeting children/adolescent and adult
migrants, however vaccinations offered to adult migrants are limited to
specific conditions in seven countries. All the vaccinations included in
the National Immunisation Programme (NIP) are offered to
children/adolescents in 27/28 countries and to adults in 13/28
countries. In the 15 countries offering only certain vaccinations to
adults, priority is given to diphtheria-tetanus, measles-mumps-rubella
and polio vaccinations. Information about the vaccines given to
child/adolescent migrants is recorded in 22 countries and to adult
migrants in 19 countries with a large variation in recording methods
found across countries. Individual and aggregated data are reportedly
not shared with other centres/institutions in 13 and 15 countries,
respectively. Twenty countries reported not collecting data on
vaccination uptake among migrants; only three countries have these data
at the national level. Procedures to guarantee migrants’ access to
vaccinations at the community level are available in 13 countries. In
conclusion, although diversified, strategies for migrant vaccination are
in place in all countries except for one, and the strategies are
generally in line with international recommendations. Efforts are needed
to strengthen partnerships and implement initiatives across countries of
origin, transit and destination to develop and better share
documentation in order to guarantee a completion of vaccination series
and to avoid unnecessary re-vaccination. Development of migrant-friendly
strategies to facilitate migrants’ access to vaccination and collection
of vaccination uptake data among migrants is needed to meet existing
gaps. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd