Study of Antibiotic Resistance of the Oropharyngeal Hemolytic Microflora in Preschool Children

It is impossible to imagine modern medical practice without antibiotic therapy. However, the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry expands free access of the population to antibacterial drugs. At the same time, the illiteracy of people with respect to the principles of rational antibiotic therapy also increases. The problem of microbial resistance to antibacterial drugs remains relevant to this day. Special attention should be paid to rational antibiotic therapy applied to children.The purpose of this work was to study the resistance of hemolytic microorganisms, which are often the cause of upper respiratory infection in preschool children, to the main antibacterial drugs used in pediatric practice. The results of this scientific research can be advisory and useful to pediatricians and other specialists whose professional activities are related to children’s health. Keywords: hemolytic active microorganisms, bacterial carriage, antibiotic resistance, children’s healt

Bacterial Carriage of Pathogenic Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococci Among Conditionally Healthy Infants and Preschool-age Children

Staphylococci are related to opportunistic microorganisms and are part of normal human microflora. However, there are varieties that can cause pyoinflammatory diseases in organisms with weakened immune status. In the event of an inadequate therapeutic approach, they are preserved in the body, and the person becomes a bacterial carrier and a source of dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms. The formation of antibiotic resistance also plays a significant role in the emergence of bacterial carriage. The situation is especially serious in organized children’s groups, where children are in close contact with one another. Thus, the study of the prevalence rate of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic strains of staphylococci in children’s groups is topical and worthy of attention. The purpose of this work is to identify carriers of pathogenic and antibiotic resistant staphylococci isolated from the microflora of the oral cavity of preschool children considered healthy. The results of the research can prove useful in practical healthcare and, particularly, in pediatric practice. Keywords: staphylococci, pathogenic cocci, bacterial carriage, antibiotic resistance, infant morbidity rat

Peculiarities of schoolchildren's motivation for physical education and sport activities

In the article the study of the features of the motivation of schoolchildren for physical culture and sports activities is considered: the factors influencing the motivation of schoolchildren for physical training are analyzed, the results of the questioning of schoolchildren of 12-13 years, connected with the study of motivation to engage in physical culture and sports activities, are analyzedВ статье приводится исследование особенностей мотивации школьников к занятиям физкультурно-оздоровительной и спортивной деятельностью: рассматриваются факторы, влияющие на мотивацию школьников к занятиям физической культурой, анализируются результаты анкетирования школьников 11–12 лет, связанное с исследованием мотивации к занятиям физкультурно-оздоровительной и спортивной деятельность

Comparative Analysis of Clinical, Hormonal and Morphological Studies in Patients with Neuroendocrine ACTH-Producing Tumours

This paper highlights the problem of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) with clinical symptoms of hypercorticism caused by hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by tumour cells. In most cases (85%), the tumours were localized in the pituitary gland (Cushing's disease); 15% of the patients had an extrapituitary tumour that manifest as an ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS). Comparative analysis of clinical, hormonal, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of pituitary and extrapituitary ACTH-secreting NET was performed. It included 46 patients with CD and 38 ones exhibiting ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS). Results of the study suggest differences between CD and EAS in terms of the severity of clinical manifestations and duration of the disease. Hormonal studies showed that EAS unlike CD was associated with high plasma ACTH and cortisol levels, late-evening salivary cortisol and daily urinary free cortisol, the absence of a 60% or greater reduction of cortisol in the HDDST test, and the presence of a low (less than 2) ACTH gradient in response to desmopressin administration with catheterization of cavernous sinuses. The study of morphofunctional characteristics of the removed NET demonstrated the ability of both pituitary and extrapituitary NETs to express ACTH as well as GH, PRL, LH, and FSH. The angiogenic markers (CD31 and VEGF) were detected with equal frequency regardless of the NET localization. The histological structure of all corticotropinomas suggested their benign origin, but extrapituitary NETs were represented by different morphological types with varying malignancy, invasiveness, and metastatic properties. A higher cell proliferation potential (Ki-67) was documented for NET in patients presenting with an ectopic ACTH secretion compared to those having corticotropinomas

Effect of Spacecraft Rotation on Fluid Convection Under Microgravity

The influence of the rotational effects on two-dimensional fluid convection in a rectangular enclosure with rigid walls during the orbital flight is considered. It is shown that the Coriolis force influence both on steady and oscillatory convection becomes significant at Ekman numbers which are quite attainable in the space orbital conditions. In the case of harmonic oscillations of the gravity force appearance of the resonance phenomena is demonstrated. Dependence of the height and shape of the resonance peak on aspect ratio of a rectangular domain and orientation of vectors of the gravity force and the angular rotation velocity is studied. Special attention is given to non-linear effects caused by convective terms of Navier-Stokes equations. The convection produced by variations of the angular rotation velocity of a spacecraft is also discussed. It is shown that in some cases the latter convection can be comparable with another kinds of convection

ACTIVITY OF AMINOLEVULINATE SYNTHASE OF BONE MARROW AND LIVER OF NEWBORN AUGUST AND WISTAR RATS AFTER ACUTE POSTNATAL HYPOXIA

Newborn Wistar and August rats (20 rats in each experimental group) were exposed to acute postnatal hypoxic hypoxia (by the mixture of 95% nitrogen and 5% oxygen). Determination of activity of aminolevulinate synthase (ALA-synthase) in bone marrow and liver were in control group, and on the 1st and 3rd days of life (in liver - only on the 3rd day). Infant rats of various lines differed by the response of an organism to hypoxic exposure that confirms its genetic predetermination. Activities of ALA-synthase in bone marrow and liver were reciprocal both in normal development and after hypoxia.

Nephelometric Method for Determination of Growth Parameters of Chlorella Culture

Nephelometric method for the determination of growth parameters of chlorella culture using a photoelectric colorimeter was described. Use of photoelectric colorimeter for cell counting in suspension requires periodic calibration of meter readings using chlorella standard culture (with a certain cell concentration). Chlorella vulgaris IPPAS С-66, IPPAS С-111 and IPPAS С-2019 strains served as object of research. Density of initial in vitro suspensions (after inoculation) was 0.9 mln cells/ml. Cultivation was carried out during 12 days on a Hoagland medium with a pH of 7 (temperature of 35∘C, illumination of 10 klx). Sample selection for analysis and measurement was carried out daily, three times per day. Based on the obtained data, readings of photoelectric colorimeter KFK-3.01 were calibrated via direct count of chlorella cells quantity in Goryaev’s chamber. Use of calibration curve made it possible to reduce significantly time and error in determination of cell number in suspension cultures. The proposed technique allows counting chlorella cells in the growth and development dynamics with sufficient accuracy, high sensitivity, reproducibility and speed. It can be used for comparative determination of the growth parameters of strains in vitro, standardization of suspension cultures, semi-quantitative determination of chlorella biomass in order to predict the yield of desired product

Functional state of glutathione system in menopausal women of the Buryat ethnic group with insomnia

The aim of the study was to assess the functional state of glutathione system in menopausal women of the Buryat ethnic group with insomnia.   Methods. The study involved 94 women aged 45 to 60 years who were divided into perimenopause (n = 44) and postmenopause (n = 50) groups. In each period, a control group and an insomniac group were identified. The reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione levels in erythrocyte lysate, the glutathione-S-transferase π concentration and glutathione reductase activity in blood serum were determined.   Results. An increase of the GSH level (p < 0.05) and GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.05) both in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with insomnia were found as compared to controls. There were no differences in the glutathione-depends enzymes parameters. Comparative analysis of the main groups showed an increase GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.05) in the postmenopausal period compared with perimenopause.   Conclusion. The study results demonstrate the glutathione link activation in Buryat menopausal women with insomnia. In this regard, the appointment of glutathione preparations for the correction of free radical homeostasis in these groups of women cannot be recommended

Levels of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products in Blood Plasma of Peri- and Postmenopausal Women with Insomnia

Background. Insomnia occurs in more than half of menopausal women. These disorders can contribute to a change in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance, causing the damage to structural cellular elements. Currently, there is a lack of research on this issue.Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of the level of advanced oxidation protein products in in periand postmenopausal women with insomnia.Materials and methods. The study included peri(n = 30) and postmenopausal (n = 60) women, who were divided into 2 groups (control and main groups) in each menopausal phase after being questioned using special sleep questionnaires: Insomnia Severity Index; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. The advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels was determined by immunoenzymatic assay using ImmunDiagnostik (German) kits on a BioTek EL×808 (USA) analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann – Whitney test.Results. Comparative analysis of the AOPP levels in control groups, depending on the menopausal periods, showed an increase in their levels in the postmenopausal period as compared to perimenopause (p < 0.05). When comparing the AOPP levels between the control and the main group in different menopausal periods, statistically significant differences were revealed only in the perimenopausal period towards a higher content in women with insomnia (p < 0.05). The presence of insomnia in postmenopausal women is accompanied by a higher AOPP levels as compared to the perimenopausal women (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the association between insomnia and oxidative proteins modification only in the perimenopausal period