11,357 research outputs found
Property of the spectrum of large-scale magnetic fields from inflation
The property of the spectrum of large-scale magnetic fields generated due to
the breaking of the conformal invariance of the Maxwell theory through some
mechanism in inflationary cosmology is studied. It is shown that the spectrum
of the generated magnetic fields should not be perfectly scale-invariant but be
slightly red so that the amplitude of large-scale magnetic fields can be
stronger than G at the present time. This analysis is performed
by assuming the absence of amplification due to the late-time action of some
dynamo (or similar) mechanism.Comment: 8 pages, no figure; references correcte
v4: A small, but sensitive observable for heavy ion collisions
Higher order Fourier coefficients of the azimuthally dependent single
particle spectra resulting from noncentral heavy ion collisions are
investigated. For intermediate to large transverse momenta, these anisotropies
are expected to become as large as 5 %, and should be clearly measurable. The
physics content of these observables is discussed from two different extreme
but complementary viewpoints, hydrodynamics and the geometric limit with
extreme energy loss.Comment: as published: typos corrected, Fig. 3 slightly improved in numerics
and presentatio
Astrophysical and cosmological constraints to neutrino properties
The astrophysical and cosmological constraints on neutrino properties (masses, lifetimes, numbers of flavors, etc.) are reviewed. The freeze out of neutrinos in the early Universe are discussed and then the cosmological limits on masses for stable neutrinos are derived. The freeze out argument coupled with observational limits is then used to constrain decaying neutrinos as well. The limits to neutrino properties which follow from SN1987A are then reviewed. The constraint from the big bang nucleosynthesis on the number of neutrino flavors is also considered. Astrophysical constraints on neutrino-mixing as well as future observations of relevance to neutrino physics are briefly discussed
Hidden Dirac Monopoles
Dirac showed that the existence of one magnetic pole in the universe could
offer an explanation of the discrete nature of the electric charge. Magnetic
poles appear naturally in most grand unified theories. Their discovery would be
of greatest importance for particle physics and cosmology. The intense
experimental search carried thus far has not met with success. I proposed a
universe with magnetic poles which are not observed free because they hide in
deeply bound monopole--anti-monopole states named monopolium. I discuss the
realization of this proposal and its consistency with known cosmological
features. I furthermore analyze its implications and the experimental
signatures that confirm the scenario.Comment: Comments: 15 pages, 3 figure
Warped Unification, Proton Stability and Dark Matter
Many extensions of the Standard Model have to face the problem of new
unsuppressed baryon-number violating interactions. In supersymmetry, the
simplest way to solve this problem is to assume R-parity conservation. As a
result, the lightest supersymmetric particle becomes stable and a
well-motivated dark matter candidate. In this paper, we show that solving the
problem of baryon number violation in non supersymmetric grand unified theories
(GUT's) in warped higher-dimensional spacetime can lead to a stable
Kaluza-Klein particle. This exotic particle has gauge quantum numbers of a
right-handed neutrino, but carries fractional baryon-number and is related to
the top quark within the higher-dimensional GUT. A combination of baryon-number
and SU(3) color ensures its stability. Its relic density can easily be of the
right value for masses in the 10 GeV--few TeV range. An exciting aspect of
these models is that the entire parameter space will be tested at near future
dark matter direct detection experiments. Other exotic GUT partners of the top
quark are also light and can be produced at high energy colliders with
distinctive signatures.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; v2: some comments added, figures updated; v3:
Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Transverse flow and hadro-chemistry in Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV
We present a hydrodynamic assessment of preliminary particle spectra observed
in Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV. The hadronic part of the
underlying equation of state is based on explicit conservation of (measured)
particle ratios throughout the resonance gas stage after chemical freezeout by
employing chemical potentials for stable mesons, nucleons and anti-nucleons. We
find that under these conditions the data (in particular the proton spectra)
favor a low freeze-out temperature of around 100 MeV. Furthermore we show that
through inclusion of a moderate pre-hydrodynamic transverse flow field the
shape of the spectra improves with respect to the data. The effect of the
initial transverse boost on elliptic flow and the freeze-out geometry of the
system is also elucidated.Comment: as published: more data included in Fig. 1, discussions throughout
the text improved, 6 pages, 4 figure
Stabilizing quantum metastable states in a time-periodic potential
Metastability of a particle trapped in a well with a time-periodically
oscillating barrier is studied in the Floquet formalism. It is shown that the
oscillating barrier causes the system to decay faster in general. However,
avoided crossings of metastable states can occur with the less stable states
crossing over to the more stable ones. If in the static well there exists a
bound state, then it is possible to stabilize a metastable state by
adiabatically increasing the oscillating frequency of the barrier so that the
unstable state eventually cross-over to the stable bound state. It is also
found that increasing the amplitude of the oscillating field may change a
direct crossing of states into an avoided one.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Transverse-Mass Spectra in Heavy-Ion Collisions at energies E_{lab} = 2--160 GeV/nucleon
Transverse-mass spectra of protons, pions and kaons produced in collisions of
heavy nuclei are analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics. It was
demonstrated that this model consistently reproduces these spectra in wide
ranges of incident energies E_{lab}, from 4A GeV to 160A GeV, rapidity bins and
centralities of the collisions. In particular, the model describes the
"step-like" dependence of kaon inverse slopes on the incident energy. The key
point of this explanation is interplay of hydrodynamic expansion of the system
with its dynamical freeze-out.Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures, summary is extended, version accepted by Phys.
Rev.
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