FRASNIAN AND VISEAN-NAMURIAN CONODONT FAUNAS AT PRAPROTNO, SLOVENIA

Conodont faunas from the limestone pebbles of the Upper Paleozoic Conglomerate at Praprotno, Slovenia demonstrate the presence of two faunas. The older fauna, marked by Palmatolepis surecta and Polygnathus decorosus is indicative of the Frasnian stage (Upper Devonian). The younger fauna is dominated by Gnathodus bilineatus and contains Lochriea commutata and L. nodosa. This fauna is characteristic of the Late Visean-Namurian (Lower Carboniferous)

Olenekian (Early Triassic) fossil assemblage from eastern Julian Alps (Slovenia)

New palaeontological and sedimentological data from the Lower Triassic strata of the eastern Julian Alps in Slovenia are presented., They are unusual for the Early Triassic of the Alps in representing a relatively deeper, unrestricted marine (mid-ramp) setting. There are two basic microfacies types in the section investigated (types A and B), which are organized as couplets with coarse-grained tempestitic deposits (microfacies A), overlain by laminated or bioturbated lime mudstones and/or marls (microfacies B), frequently containing ammonoids. This pattern is interpreted as storm deposition with occasional winnowing of bottom sediments and the formation of coarse-grained skeletal deposits (lags), followed by the slow settling of suspended particles, when the storm waned, in addition to background deposition. Dominantly lime mud deposition and the presence of ammonoids indicate deposition on a more distal, deeper ramp with an unrestricted connection to the open sea. Intense reworking of bottom skeletal-rich sediment and accumulation of storm lags suggest deposition above the storm wave base, possibly in a wide low-energy mid-ramp environment. Faunas from such settings have been reported relatively rarely from the Early Triassic of the Alps. The macrofauna contains ammonoids, bivalves and gastropods, whereas the microfauna is represented by foraminifer tests and conodont elements; rare fish remains also occur. In the foraminifer assemblages, species of Ammodiscus, Hoyenella, Glomospirella dominated, corresponding to the widespread “Glomospira-Glomospirella” foraminifer community, with some miliolids and nodosariids. The conodont fauna is characterized by Triassospathodus hungaricus (Kozur et Mostler), indicating an early Spathian (Olenekian) age. The fossil assemblage highlights the wide distribution of Early Triassic taxa in the Tethys and facilitates its worldwide correlation. Its relatively low diversity by comparison with shallow marine settings is interpreted as an evolutionary proximal-distal trend in the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction. Re-diversification first occurred in nearshore settings and expanded into deeper/distal marine environments through geological time

A review of the Late Permian – Early Triassic conodont record and its significance for the end-Permian mass extinction

As a marine microfossil with a long-lasting fossil record stretching from the Cambrian to the Triassic, the tiny conodont plays an important role for the study of the end-Permian mass extinction. In the past few decades, numerous studies on Permian-Triassic conodonts have been published. This paper summarizes the progress made on high-resolution conodont biostratigraphy, timing of the mass extinction across the Permian-Triassic Boundary, conodont apparatus and phylogeny, conodont size variation, conodont oxygen isotope as well as other isotopes and chemical elements. Finally, future perspectives are also discussed

CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY ACROSS THE PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY AT THE LUKAC SECTION IN WESTERN SLOVENIA

Detailed conodont biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy of the Late Permian and Early Triassic beds were studied at the LukaC section in western Slovenia. The analyzed section is composed of the Bellerophon Formation ("evaporite-dolomite member") and the newly introduced Lukaè Formation ("transitional beds", "streaky limestone member" and "carbonate-clastic beds member"). The Permian-Triassic boundary interval is represented by "transitional beds" of carbonate facies deposited in shallow restricted marine conditions. The presence of H. parvus in sample L1 in the "transitional beds" marks the systemic boundary between Permian and Triassic. The studied interval is characterized by a diverse microfauna that contain conodonts, foraminifers, ostracods and gastropods. Six conodont zones have been recognized, in ascending order, the latest Changhsingian (uppermost Permian) praeparvus Zone, and the Griesbachian (lowermost Triassic) parvus, lobata, staeschei-isarcica, postparvus and anceps zones. This faunal succession represents the first known and the most complete conodont biozonation across the Permian-Triassic interval from the entire Dinaric region. The recognized conodont biozones can be correlated with the biozonation of the Southern Alps and of the GSSP Meishan D section.

NEW LADINIAN AMMONOIDS FROM MT. SVILAJA (EXTERNAL DINARIDES, CROATIA)

A small collection of Ladinian ammonoids from Mt. Svilaja (External Dinarides) is here described for the first time. The ammonoids were collected from a thick succession, which yielded in its lower part the classic Lower Triassic ammonoid faunas of Muæ, known since the XIX century. The collection comes from an interval yielding conodonts of the hungaricus Assemblage zone, and is composed of leiostraca (Proarcestes) and trachyostraca ammonoids. The latter consists of the new genus Alkaites, and the new species A. dinaricus, Detoniceras svilajanus and Argolites trinodosus. Alkaites n. gen. is characterised by involute coiling, v-shaped ventral side and five spiral rows of nodes. D. svilajanus n. sp. is distinguished by flat ventral side, and four rows of nodes with peculiar ratio 1:1:2:2 between perimbilical,1st lateral, 2nd lateral, and ventrolateral nodes. A. trinodosus n. sp. is characterised from any other species of Argolites by three rows of nodes. At the present the new genus Alkaites and the three new species are known only from the study area. The dating of the new taxa is done by indirect correlations based on the distribution of Detoniceras and Argolites in other sections of the Southern Alps, as well as on the calibration of the hungaricus Assemblage zone with the ammonoid standard scale. The inferred age is Gredleri Zone (Lower Ladinian).

FIRST RECORD OF A FOSSIL AMPHIBIAN IN SLOVENIA (LOWER TRIASSIC, OLENEKIAN)

The first record of a fossil amphibian in Slovenia is a fragment of a rib. It was collected in the Lower Triassic of the Julian Alps, at the Studorski preval area. The carbonate succession of the Lower Triassic at Studorski preval is characterized by alternations of dolomite, limestone, marly limestone and marlstone with particular beds of oolitic limestone. The macrofauna found at the site indicates an Olenekian age. The bone fragment is a rod-like element with an expanded, complete articular end and a broken, narrow shaft with a finely pitted to radial surface texture. It is identified as the proximal portion of a rib of a temnospondyl amphibian, possibly of a capitosaur. The presence of an isolated temnospondyl bone in Lower Triassic strata in Slovenia is consistent with previous records of temnospondyls in marine Lower Triassic strata.

New palaeoenvironmental model for the Komen (Slovenia) Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) fossil lagerstatte

Abstract not availableAlessandro Palci, Bogdan Jurkovšek, Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek, Michael W. Caldwel

CONODONT DATING OF THE LOWER TRIASSIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS IN THE EXTERNAL DINARIDES (CROATIA AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)

Two Lower Triassic sedimentary successions have been dated by means of conodonts in the External Dinarides: Plavno section near Knin, Croatia and Bosansko Grahovo section in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Deposition in both sections shows similar characteristics, differentiated in three continuously deposited facies. The Siliciclastic facies was previously considered Seis beds and assigned to the lower Lower Triassic, the Mudstone facies, and the Siltstone-mudstone facies (occurring in the upper part of the succession) were formerly considered as Campil beds of the upper Lower Triassic. Vertical succession of Siliciclastic, Mudstone, and Siltstone-mudstone facies of both investigated sequences was interpreted as deepening of the environment envisaged as a transgressive trend in a shallow shelf environment. Facies successions at Plavno (690 m thick) and Bosansko Grahovo (229 m thick) differentiate for the presence of Dolostone facies in the lowest part of the Plavno succession. Conodont fauna of Dolostone facies at Plavno section is represented by isarcicellids, Isarcicella staeschei and I. isarcica (sample 3) that marks the Griesbachian isarcica Zone. The Siliciclastic facies of Plavno and Bosansko Grahovo sections is characterized by shallow-water euryhaline taxa attributed to the Smithian, part of the late Dinerian-Smithian obliqua Zone. This fauna is prevailed by Hadrodontina anceps and Pachycladina obliqua with co-occurrence of Smithian Parachirognathus ethingtoni and very rare presence of Foliella sp. or ?Furnishius sp. Discerned conodont taxa enable us to establish conodont zonation which gives new insight to the range of the so-called Siusi and Campil beds.