Bioéthique et anthropologie : Situer le " bien " dans la pratique médicale

RÉSUMÉBioéthique et anthropologie. Situer le « bien » dans la pratique médicaleCet article examine comment des anthropologues qui travaillent sur la bioéthique ont réussi à concilier deux conceptions de la morale médicale : l'une qui s'enracine dans les mondes locaux et l'autre, issue de la philosophie occidentale, qui applique des principes universels. Nous replaçons différentes notions de la personne dans le contexte de leur émergence pour montrer les difficultés qui surviennent lorsqu'il faut juger que telle pratique médicale est «appropriée» ou non. Notre ethnographie sur les soins en fin de vie et sur l'éthique dans la recherche médicale internationale montre qu'une bioéthique imprégnée de connaissances anthropologiques permet d'ancrer les conceptions universelles dans la réalité locale. Notre analyse révèle la fragilité d'une bioéthique qui ignore le contexte social et qui prône une version particulière (américaine) de l'autonomie individuelle. Selon nous, l'application simpliste de principes éthiques universaux élude la complexité de l'expérience vécue et les dilemmes de la réalité.Mots clés : Marshall, Koenig. anthropologie, bioéthique. État-UnisABSTRACTIntersections of Bioethics and Anthropology : Locating thé "Good" in Médical PracticeThis paper explores how anthropologists working in thé field of bioethics hâve bridged thé gap between conceptions of médical morality grounded in local worlds and thé universal understandings espoused within thé western philosophical tradition. We highlight culturally diverse notions of personhood to illustrate difficulties that émerge when judging certain practices as "appropriate" or "inappropriate". Our ethnographie work in end-of-life care and international research ethics demonstrates how an anthropologically informed bioethics produces an account that grounds ethical universals in local moral worlds. Our analysis reveals thé thinness of bioethics accounts that disregard social context and celebrate a spécifie (American) version of individual autonomy. We argue that a simplistic application of ethical universals to particular cases dénies thé complexity of lived expérience and real world dilemmas.Key words : Marshall. Koenig. bioethics. anthropology. United State

Recommendations for ICT use in Alzheimer's Disease assessment: Monaco CTAD expert meeting

International audienceAlzheimer disease (AD) and other related dementia represent a major challenge for health care systems within the aging population. It is therefore important to develop better instruments for assessing disease severity and disease progression to optimize patient's care and support to care provide rs, and also provide better tools for clinical research. In this area, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are of particular interest. Such techniques enable accurate and standardized assessments of patients' performance and actions in real time and real life situations. The aim of this article is to provide basic recommendation concerning the development and the use of ICT for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. During he ICT and Mental Health workshop (CTAD meeting held in Monaco on the 30th October 2012) an expert panel was set up to prepare the first recommendations for the use of ICT in dementia research. The expert panel included geriatrician, epidemiologist, neurologist, psychiatrist, psychologist, ICT engineers, representatives from the industry and patient association. The recommendations are divided into three sections corresponding to 1/ the clinical targets of interest for the use of ICT, 2/ the cond itions, the type of sensors and the outputs (scores) that could be used and obtained, 3/ finally the last section concerns specifically the use of ICT within clinical trials

Waveforms and Sonic Boom Perception and Response (WSPR): Low-Boom Community Response Program Pilot Test Design, Execution, and Analysis

The Waveforms and Sonic boom Perception and Response (WSPR) Program was designed to test and demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of techniques to gather data relating human subjective response to multiple low-amplitude sonic booms. It was in essence a practice session for future wider scale testing on naive communities, using a purpose built low-boom demonstrator aircraft. The low-boom community response pilot experiment was conducted in California in November 2011. The WSPR team acquired sufficient data to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of the various physical and psychological data gathering techniques and analysis methods

Medium effects in high energy heavy-ion collisions

The change of hadron properties in dense matter based on various theoretical approaches are reviewed. Incorporating these medium effects in the relativistic transport model, which treats consistently the change of hadron masses and energies in dense matter via the scalar and vector fields, heavy-ion collisions at energies available from SIS/GSI, AGS/BNL, and SPS/CERN are studied. This model is seen to provide satisfactory explanations for the observed enhancement of kaon, antikaon, and antiproton yields as well as soft pions in the transverse direction from the SIS experiments. In the AGS heavy-ion experiments, it can account for the enhanced $K^+/\pi^+$ ratio, the difference in the slope parameters of the $K^+$ and $K^-$ transverse kinetic energy spectra, and the lower apparent temperature of antiprotons than that of protons. This model also provides possible explanations for the observed enhancement of low-mass dileptons, phi mesons, and antilambdas in heavy-ion collisions at SPS energies. Furthermore, the change of hadron properties in hot dense matter leads to new signatures of the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter transition in future ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC/BNL.Comment: RevTeX, 65 pages, including 25 postscript figures, invited topical review for Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physic

Raman spectroscopy of graphene and bilayer under biaxial strain: bubbles and balloons

In this letter we use graphene bubbles to study the Raman spectrum of graphene under biaxial (e.g. isotropic) strain. Our Gruneisen parameters are in excellent agreement with the theoretical values. Discrepancy in the previously reported values is attributed to the interaction of graphene with the substrate. Bilayer balloons (intentionally pressurized membranes) have been used to avoid the effect of the substrate and to study the dependence of strain on the inter-layer interactions.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Identification of Functional and Expression Polymorphisms Associated With Risk for Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodyâ Associated Vasculitis

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136726/1/art40034_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136726/2/art40034-sup-0002-suppinfo02.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136726/3/art40034-sup-0001-suppinfo01.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136726/4/art40034.pd