The barriers in the search for teacher authority

Artykuł jest próbą poszukiwania i określenia zagrożeń dla autorytetu nauczyciela. Czy nauczyciel może być autorytetem dla młodzieży? Co osłabia wizerunek współczesnego nauczyciela? Ukazano szereg obszarów, w których występują zagrożenia dla autorytetu nauczyciela, mniej lub bardziej zależnych od jego osoby. Podkreślono, iż barierą dla autorytetu nauczyciela mogą być jego predyspozycje osobowościowe, a właściwie ich brak mający swe źródła w procesie doboru, kształcenia i zatrudniania nauczyciela, kontroli jego pracy i bezradności pedagogicznej w przypadku zauważonych nieprawidłowości w pracy nauczyciela. Zwrócono uwagę, iż bariery środowiskowe pozostają niepokonane przez nauczycieli, zwłaszcza o „wątpliwych” kompetencjach zawodowych. Artykuł wskazuje, iż samo uświadamianie „utraty” autorytetu może być początkiem zmian, początkiem odbudowywania autorytetu nauczyciela w oczach ucznia i społeczeństwa. Podkreślono, że determinantem zmian autorytetu nauczyciela jest jego pozytywna autoprezentacja — wysoka samoocena, samoakceptacja i wypływające z niej ogólne poczucie własnej wartości oraz takie poczucie w sferze zawodowej. To z kolei warunkują sukcesy zawodowe, postrzegane przez pryzmat indywidualnych potrzeb i wartości nauczyciela

Reforma edukacyjna - szansą czy zagrożeniem dla aktywności zawodowej nauczyciela?

Celem każdej wprowadzanej zmiany, także reformy edukacyjnej, jest stworzenie pewnych „szans” po to, aby poprawić dany stan rzeczy. Aktualna reforma stwarza jakieś szanse oraz budzi pewne obawy, kontrowersje; a także bywa odczuwana jako zagrożenie. Interesujące poznawczo jest pytanie, czy reforma edukacyjna będzie dla nauczyciela przede wszystkim szansą, czy też zagrożeniem jego aktywności zawodowej. Próba odpowiedzi na to pytanie jest podstawowym celem podjętych rozważań. Wprowadzone zmiany tworzą dla nauczyciela nową sytuację i nowe podłoże rozwoju aktywności zawodowej. Spróbuję pokrótce nakreślić sytuację nauczyciela w nowej rzeczywistości edukacyjnej

Doskonalący się nauczyciel - recenzja

Książka Zbigniewa B. Gasia poświęcona jest doskonalącemu się nau­czycielowi, a właściwie wybranym psychologicznym aspektom rozwoju profe­sjonalnego nauczycieli. Rozpoczyna ją pobudzające czytelnika do refleksji motto Maksyma Gorkiego: „prawdziwy nauczyciel winien być najpilniejszym uczniem”, które sugeruje konieczność ciągłego doskonalenia zawodowego przez nauczyciela[...

Teachers' professional development and burnout syndrome

The author of the article aims to present in short the results of the empirical verification of R. Kwaśnica’s concept concerning teachers’ professional development. The first part of the article deals with theoretical matters: the understanding of professional development and burnout syndrome. These terms are presented as opposing. Ch. Maslach’s theory on burnout along with Kwaśnica’s views were the basis of the research. The research was done from 2000 – 2002 on the sample of 257 teachers from different schools in different parts of Poland. In the second part of the article chosen results are referred: a diagnosis of professional development phases: preconventional, conventional, postconventional and the states of teachers’ professional activity: expanding from not disturbed activity, through first symptoms of burnout to burnout syndrome. Some essential conclusions can be drawn from the research. First of all, professional development can protect teachers from experiencing burnout, mainly due to growing professional competences, job adaptation and increasing creativity in teachers’ attitude. Moreover, it turned out that, depending on the phase of professional development, different factors stimulate teachers’ growth- these factors must be strengthened to prevent from burnout

Sprawozdanie z ogólnopolskiej konferencji naukowej nt. "Teoretyczne i praktyczne przygotowanie nauczycieli do nauczania zintegrowanego"

W dniach 16—17 września 1999 roku odbyła się w Krakowie konferencja naukowa na temat: Teoretyczne i praktyczne przygotowanie nauczycieli do nauczania zintegrowanego. Została ona zorganizowana przez Akademię Peda­gogiczną w Krakowie oraz Centralny Ośrodek Metodyczny Studiów Na­uczycielskich w Krakowie. W bogatym programie dwudniowej konferencji uwzględniono wiele aspektów nauczania zintegrowanego. W pierwszym dniu konferencji toczyły się obrady plenarne, w drugim natomiast — naradzano się w sekcjach. W konferencji uczestniczyli pracownicy naukowi z kraju i za­granicy, przedstawiciele MEN-u oraz studenci kierunków pedagogicznych[...

Effects of graphene oxide nanofilm and chicken embryo muscle extract on muscle progenitor cell differentiation and contraction

Finding an effective muscle regeneration technique is a priority for regenerative medicine. It is known that the key factors determining tissue formation include cells, capable of proliferating and/or differentiating, a niche (surface) allowing their colonization and growth factors. The interaction between these factors, especially between the surface of the artificial niche and growth factors, is not entirely clear. Moreover, it seems that the use of a complex of complementary growth factors instead of a few strictly defined ones could increase the effectiveness of tissue maturation, including muscle tissue. In this study, we evaluated whether graphene oxide (GO) nanofilm, chicken embryo muscle extract (CEME), and GO combined with CEME would affect the differentiation and functional maturation of muscle precursor cells, as well as the ability to spontaneously contract a pseudo-tissue muscle. CEME was extracted on day 18 of embryogenesis. Muscle cells obtained from an 8-day-old chicken embryo limb bud were treated with GO and CEME. Cell morphology and differentiation were observed using different microscopy methods. Cytotoxicity and viability of cells were measured by lactate dehydrogenase and Vybrant Cell Proliferation assays. Gene expression of myogenic regulatory genes was measured by Real-Time PCR. Our results demonstrate that CEME, independent of the culture surface, was the main factor influencing the intense differentiation of muscle progenitor cells. The present results, for the first time, clearly demonstrated that the cultured tissue-like structure was capable of inducing contractions without externally applied impulses. It has been indicated that a small amount of CEME in media (about 1%) allows the culture of pseudo-tissue muscle capable of spontaneous contraction. The study showed that the graphene oxide may be used as a niche for differentiating muscle cells, but the decisive influence on the maturation of muscle tissue, especially muscle contractions, depends on the complexity of the applied growth factors

First Measurement of Antikaon Phase-Space Distributions in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at Subthreshold Beam Energies

Differential production cross sections of K$^-$ and K$^+$ mesons have been measured as function of the polar emission angle in Ni+Ni collisions at a beam energy of 1.93 AGeV. In near-central collisions, the spectral shapes and the widths of the rapidity distributions of K$^-$ and K$^+$ mesons are in agreement with the assumption of isotropic emission. In non-central collisions, the K$^-$ and K$^+$ rapidity distributions are broader than expected for a single thermal source. In this case, the polar angle distributions are strongly forward-backward peaked and the nonisotropic contribution to the total yield is about one third both for K$^+$ and K$^-$ mesons. The K$^-$/K$^+$ ratio is found to be about 0.03 independent of the centrality of the reaction. This value is significantly larger than predicted by microscopic transport calculations if in-medium modifications of K mesons are neglected.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters

Medium Effects in Kaon and Antikaon Production in Nuclear Collisions at Subthreshold Beam Energies

Production cross sections of K$^+$ and K$^-$ mesons have been measured in C+C collisions at beam energies per nucleon below and near the nucleon-nucleon threshold. At a given beam energy, the spectral slopes of the K$^-$ mesons are significantly steeper than the ones of the K$^+$ mesons. The excitation functions for K$^+$ and K$^-$ mesons nearly coincide when correcting for the threshold energy. In contrast, the K$^+$ yield exceeds the K$^-$ yield by a factor of about 100 in proton-proton collisions at beam energies near the respective nucleon-nucleon thresholds.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Systematics of pion emission in heavy ion collisions in the 1A GeV regime

Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study pion emission in the reactions (energies in GeV/nucleon are given in parentheses): 40Ca+40Ca (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93), 96Ru+96Ru (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 96Zr+96Zr (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 197Au+197Au (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include longitudinal and transverse rapidity distributions and stopping, polar anisotropies, pion multiplicities, transverse momentum spectra, ratios for positively and negatively charged pions of average transverse momenta and of yields, directed flow, elliptic flow. The data are compared to earlier data where possible and to transport model simulations.Comment: 56 pages,42 figures; to be published in Nuclear Physics

Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Published in European Physical Journal