Was kommt auf die PDS zu? Wirtschaft, Arbeit, Bildung, Verwaltungsreform in ostdeutschen Ländern

Was kommt auf die PDS zu? Druckversion Wirtschaft, Arbeit, Bildung, Verwaltungsreform in ostdeutschen Ländern. von Frank Berg und Thomas Koch Manuskripte 30 der RLS Inhaltsverzeichnis 0. Einleitung 1. Wirtschaft 1.1 Vorbemerkung zu den wirtschaftspolitischen Debatten in den Ländern 1.2 Ausgangssituationen der öffentlichen Wirtschaftsförderung 1.3 Wirtschaftspolitische Orientierungen in den Ländern 1.4 Wirtschafts- und haushaltspolitisches Agieren der PDS in den Ländern 2. Arbeit 2.1 Dauerbrenner Arbeitslosigkeit – Streitfeld der „großen Politik“ 2.2 Unterschiedliche Finanzierung der Arbeitsmarktpolitik in den Ländern 2.3 Landesarbeitsämter und Landespolitiken 2.5 Politische Konzepte der PDS 3. Bildung (Schule) 3.1. Die erneute Karriere des Themas Bildung. Prämissen der Politikfeldanalyse 3.2. Positionsbewegungen schulpolitischer Akteure 3.3 Schulpolitische Positionen der PDS auf Landesebene 2000/2001 3.4 Würdigung der Befunde aus vergleichender Perspektive 4. Verwaltung 4.1 Diskussionshintergründe für Verwaltungsreform 4.2 Kurzüberblick über die Verwaltungsreformprozesse in den Vergleichsländern 4.3 PDS-Diskussion um Verwaltungsreformen 4.4 Sachsen-Anhaltinische PDS im Politikprozess der Verwaltungsreform 5. Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerungen Autoren Tabellenverzeichnis Tabelle 1: Bruttoinlandsprodukt (2000) und Steuereinnahmen (2000) pro Einwohner nach Ländern Tabelle 2: Haushaltsmittel des Bundes im Rahmen der GA für die ostdeutschen Länder Tabelle 3: EU-Strukturfondsmittel (2000-2006) und Mittel der GA im Vergleich der ostdeutschen Flächenländer Tabelle 4: Verbindliche Vorgaben durch den Rahmenplan der GA und Varianzmöglichkeiten durch die Länder (Auswahl; typische Beispiele für ostdeutsche Länder) Tabelle 5: Bisher geplantes Verhältnis von gewerblicher Investitionsförderung und wirtschaftsnaher Infrastrukturförderung im Rahmen der GA Tabelle 6: Fördertatbestände im Vergleich der Länder Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt (Auswahl) Tabelle 7: Jahresdurchschnittliche Arbeitslosenquote in ostdeutschen Flächenländern von 1998 bis 2001 Tabelle 8: Aufteilung der EU-Strukturfonds 2000-2006 in den ostdeutschen Ländern (in Prozent) Tabelle 9: ESF-Mittel in den neuen Bundesländern pro potenziellem Leistungsempfänger Tabelle 10: Anteil der Erwerbstätigen an der Bevölkerung in Prozent Tabelle 11: Anteil der Personen in aktiven arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen der Arbeitsämter am Arbeitslosenpotenzial, Stand: Ende Dezember 2001 Tabelle 12: Anteil (in Prozent) der Personen in ABM-, SAM- und FbW-Maßnahmen der Arbeitsämter am Arbeitslosenpotenzial, Stand: Ende Dezember 2001 Tabelle 13: Rückgang der Teilnehmerzahlen in aktiven arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen in den ostdeutschen Flächenländern von 1998 bis 2001 (Angaben jahresdurchschnittlich) Tabelle 14: Arbeitnehmer in ABM, SAM und FbW im Freistaat Sachsen von 1995-2001 Tabelle 15: Ausgewählte Merkmale der Arbeitsmarkt- und Beschäftigungspolitik der Länder Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt im Vergleich Tabelle 16: Gewichtung der Fächergruppen in den Klassen 7-10 in der DDR (POS) und in den drei neuen Bundesländern M-V, Sa, S-A in den Klassen 7-10 (Angaben in Prozent) Tabelle 17: Herausforderungen in Anlehnung an Abschnitt 3.1. – Antworten auf der 8. Bildungspolitischen Konferenz der PDS (2001) Tabelle 18: Verschuldung der öffentlichen Haushalte der Gemeinden und Gemeindeverbände in den ostdeutschen Flächenländer

Entwicklung eines quantenchemischen Verfahrens basierend auf der Bindungspolarisationstheorie zur Ladungsberechnung in großen molekularen Systemen und dessen Anwendung in Kraftfeldrechnungen und 13C-NMR-Spektrenberechnungen

In der Dissertation wird die Entwicklung eines neues quantenchemisches Verfahren zur akkuraten Berechnung von Partialladungen in großen molekularen Systemen dargelegt. Dieses auf der Bindungspolarisationstheorie (BPT) basierende semi-empirische Verfahren ermöglicht die schnelle Berechnungen von Atomladungen, die von der echten dreidimensionalen Struktur des Moleküls abhängen in sehr guter Übereinstimmung zu ab initio STO3G- und STO631G-Partialladungen. Das Verfahren wurde in das COSMOS-Kraftfeld integriert und damit ein QM/MM-Kraftfeld mit fluktuierenden Ladungen entwickelt. Mit dem neuen Kraftfeld wurden Rechnungen zur elektronischen Stabilisierung von Zn-Metallkomplexen durchgeführt. Die Methode der Bindungspolarisation ermöglicht die quantenchemische Berechnung von chemischen Verschiebungen. Erstmalig wurde für Cellulosemodifkationen die quantenchemische Berechnung von 13C-NMR Festkörperspektren und Tensoren der Chemischen Verschiebung durchgeführt. Der Einfluß der molekularen Bewegung auf die Form der Pulverspektren von Cellulose wurde modelliert. Unter Einführung von spektroskopischen Pseudopotentialen in Kraftfeldrechnungen erfolgte eine Strukturverfeinerung von Cellulosemodifikationen an experimentell gemessenen 13C-NMR-Festkörperdaten

Fast Atomic Charge Calculation for Implementation into a Polarizable Force Field and Application to an Ion Channel Protein

Polarization of atoms plays a substantial role in molecular interactions. Class I and II force fields mostly calculate with fixed atomic charges which can cause inadequate descriptions for highly charged molecules, for example, ion channels or metalloproteins. Changes in charge distributions can be included into molecular mechanics calculations by various methods. Here, we present a very fast computational quantum mechanical method, the Bond Polarization Theory (BPT). Atomic charges are obtained via a charge calculation method that depend on the 3D structure of the system in a similar way as atomic charges of ab initio calculations. Different methods of population analysis and charge calculation methods and their dependence on the basis set were investigated. A refined parameterization yielded excellent correlation of R=0.9967. The method was implemented in the force field COSMOS-NMR and applied to the histidine-tryptophan-complex of the transmembrane domain of the M2 protein channel of influenza A virus. Our calculations show that moderate changes of side chain torsion angle χ1 and small variations of χ2 of Trp-41 are necessary to switch from the inactivated into the activated state; and a rough two-side jump model of His-37 is supported for proton gating in accordance with a flipping mechanism

Correlation from undiluted vitreous cytokines of untreated central retinal vein occlusion with spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Purpose: To correlate inflammatory and proangiogenic key cytokines from undiluted vitreous of treatment-naïve central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) patients with SD-OCT parameters. Methods: Thirty-five patients (age 71.1 years, 24 phakic, 30 nonischemic) underwent intravitreal combination therapy, including a single-site 23-gauge core vitrectomy. Twenty-eight samples from patients with idiopathic, non-uveitis floaterectomy served as controls. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) levels were correlated with the visual acuity (logMar), category of CRVO (ischemic or nonischemic) and morphologic parameters, such as central macular thickness-CMT, thickness of neurosensory retina-TNeuro, extent of serous retinal detachment-SRT and disintegrity of the IS/OS and others. Results: The mean IL-6 was 64.7pg/ml (SD ± 115.8), MCP-1 1015.7 ( ± 970.1), and VEGF-A 278.4 ( ± 512.8), which was significantly higher than the control IL-6 6.2 ± 3.4pg/ml (P=0.06), MCP-1 253.2 ± 73.5 (P<0.0000001) and VEGF-A 7.0 ± 4.9 (P<0.0006). All cytokines correlated highly with one another (correlation coefficient r=0.82 for IL-6 and MCP-1; r=0.68 for Il-6 and VEGF-A; r=0.64 for MCP-1 and VEGF-A). IL-6 correlated significantly with CMT, TRT, SRT, dIS/OS, and dELM. MCP-1 correlated significantly with SRT, dIS/OS, and dELM. VEGF-A correlated not with changes in SD-OCT, while it had a trend to be higher in the ischemic versus the nonischemic CRVO group (P=0.09). Conclusions: The inflammatory cytokines were more often correlated with morphologic changes assessed by SD-OCT, whereas VEGF-A did not correlate with CRVO-associated changes in SD-OCT. VEGF inhibition alone may not be sufficient in decreasing the inflammatory response in CRVO therapy

Electrified Powertrain Development: Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol Extension for Coupled Test Bench Operations

The increasingly stringent CO2 emissions standards require innovative solutions in the vehicle development process. One possibility to reduce CO2 emissions is the electrification of powertrains. The resulting increased complexity, as well as the increased competition and time pressure make the use of simulation software and test benches indispensable in the early development phases. This publication therefore presents a methodology for test bench coupling to enable early testing of electrified powertrains. For this purpose, an internal combustion engine test bench and an electric motor test bench are virtually interconnected. By applying and extending the Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol Standard for the presented hybrid electric powertrain use case, real-time-capable communication between the two test benches is achieved. Insights into the test bench setups, and the communication between the test benches and the protocol extension, especially with regard to temperature measurements, enable the extension to be applied to other powertrain or test bench configurations. The shown results from coupled test bench operations emphasize the applicability. The discussed experiences from the test bench coupling experiments complete the insights

Why do inverse models disagree? A case study with two European CO2 inversions

We present an analysis of atmospheric transport impact on estimating CO2 fluxes using two atmospheric inversion systems (CarboScope-Regional (CSR) and Lund University Modular Inversion Algorithm (LUMIA)) over Europe in 2018. The main focus of this study is to quantify the dominant drivers of spread amid CO2 estimates derived from atmospheric tracer inversions. The Lagrangian transport models STILT (Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport) and FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle) were used to assess the impact of mesoscale transport. The impact of lateral boundary conditions for CO2 was assessed by using two different estimates from the global inversion systems CarboScope (TM3) and TM5-4DVAR. CO2 estimates calculated with an ensemble of eight inversions differing in the regional and global transport models, as well as the inversion systems, show a relatively large spread for the annual fluxes, ranging between −0.72 and 0.20 PgC yr−1, which is larger than the a priori uncertainty of 0.47 PgC yr−1. The discrepancies in annual budget are primarily caused by differences in the mesoscale transport model (0.51 PgC yr−1), in comparison with 0.23 and 0.10 PgC yr−1 that resulted from the far-field contributions and the inversion systems, respectively. Additionally, varying the mesoscale transport caused large discrepancies in spatial and temporal patterns, while changing the lateral boundary conditions led to more homogeneous spatial and temporal impact. We further investigated the origin of the discrepancies between transport models. The meteorological forcing parameters (forecasts versus reanalysis obtained from ECMWF data products) used to drive the transport models are responsible for a small part of the differences in CO2 estimates, but the largest impact seems to come from the transport model schemes. Although a good convergence in the differences between the inversion systems was achieved by applying a strict protocol of using identical prior fluxes and atmospheric datasets, there was a non-negligible impact arising from applying a different inversion system. Specifically, the choice of prior error structure accounted for a large part of system-to-system differences.</p

Quantification of exhaled propofol is not feasible during single-lung ventilation using double-lumen tubes : A multicenter prospective observational trial

Background: Volatile propofol can be measured in exhaled air and correlates to plasma concentrations with a time delay. However, the effect of single-lung ventilation on exhaled propofol is unclear. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate exhaled propofol concentrations during single-lung compared to double-lung ventilation using double-lumen tubes. Methods: In a first step, we quantified adhesion of volatile propofol to the inner surface of double-lumen tubes during double- and single-lumen ventilation in vitro. In a second step, we enrolled 30 patients scheduled for lung surgery in two study centers. Anesthesia was provided with propofol and remifentanil. We utilized left-sided double-lumen tubes to separately ventilate each lung. Exhaled propofol concentrations were measured at 1-min intervals and plasma for propofol analyses was sampled every 20 min. To eliminate the influence of dosing on volatile propofol concentration, exhalation rate was normalized to plasma concentration. Results: In-vitro ventilation of double-lumen tubes resulted in increasing propofol concentrations at the distal end of the tube over time. In vitro clamping the bronchial lumen led to an even more pronounced increase (Δ AUC +62%) in propofol gas concentration over time. Normalized propofol exhalation during lung surgery was 31% higher during single-lung compared to double-lung ventilation. Conclusion: During single-lung ventilation, propofol concentration in exhaled air, in contrast to our expectations, increased by approximately one third. However, this observation might not be affected by change in perfusion-ventilation during singlelung ventilation but rather arises from reduced propofol absorption on the inner surface area of the double-lumen tube. Thus, it is only possible to utilize exhaled propofol concentration to a limited extent during single-lung ventilation. Registration of Clinical Trial: DRKS-ID DRKS00014788 (www.drks.de)

Condensation of Excitons in Cu2O at Ultracold Temperatures: Experiment and Theory

We present experiments on the luminescence of excitons confined in a potential trap at milli-Kelvin bath temperatures under cw-excitation. They reveal several distinct features like a kink in the dependence of the total integrated luminescence intensity on excitation laser power and a bimodal distribution of the spatially resolved luminescence. Furthermore, we discuss the present state of the theoretical description of Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons with respect to signatures of a condensate in the luminescence. The comparison of the experimental data with theoretical results with respect to the spatially resolved as well as the integrated luminescence intensity shows the necessity of taking into account a Bose-Einstein condensed excitonic phase in order to understand the behaviour of the trapped excitons.Comment: 41 pages, 23 figure

Kepler Observations of V447 Lyr: An Eclipsing U Gem Cataclysmic Variable

We present the results of an analysis of data covering 1.5 years of the dwarf nova V447 Lyr. We detect eclipses of the accretion disk by the mass donating secondary star every 3.74 hrs which is the binary orbital period. V447 Lyr is therefore the first dwarf nova in the Kepler field to show eclipses. We also detect five long outbursts and six short outbursts showing V447 Lyr is a U Gem type dwarf nova. We show that the orbital phase of the mid-eclipse occurs earlier during outbursts compared to quiescence and that the width of the eclipse is greater during outburst. This suggests that the bright spot is more prominent during quiescence and that the disk is larger during outburst than quiescence. This is consistent with an expansion of the outer disk radius due to the presence of high viscosity material associated with the outburst, followed by a contraction in quiescence due to the accretion of low angular momentum material. We note that the long outbursts appear to be triggered by a short outburst, which is also observed in the super-outbursts of SU UMa dwarf novae as observed using Kepler.Comment: Accepted by MNRA