Studies on the Gust Response of a Wing : Part 1. Response of a Two-Dimensional Rigid Wing

In this report the response characteristics of a two-dimensional, rigid wing (NACA-0012) to the gusts are investigated. The gusts treated here are the normal gusts which vary normal to the main flow sinusoidally and randomly. In the case of sinusoidal gust, the experimental results show that the absolute value of lift variations are less than those of Sears' function and phase differences are large. In the analyses the thickness effects of airfoil sections are particularly investigated. In the case of random gust, the generalized harmonic analyses are applied. The frequency transfer functions of lift have the different inclination from those of Sears' function in experimental results. From the power spectral function of circulations the frequency transfer function of lift is obtained analytically and the difference between the experimental results and the calculated ones are discussed

3D-Computational Mesh Generation around a Propell by Elliptic Differential Equation Systen

The recent rapid progress of large scale super-computers enables us to solve Euler equations and even Navier-Stokes equations numerically. Almost all methods of solution adopt finite difference calculations and, therefore, the generation technique of computational mesh largely affects the stability and convergence of the solutions. In this paper, an analytic method is applied for the generation of a 3D mesh system for Navier-Stokes equations around ATP (Propfan). One of the advantages of this method is that the mesh lines have strong differentiabilities. The differential equation used is the Poisson type, and the right hand side is called the control function because it is able to control the degree of mesh line clustering. Here, the form of the control function was contrived to cluster near the solid surfaces. By this method, several mesh lines are laid in the boundary layer above the blade surfaces

Studies on the Gust Response of a Wing : Part II. Response of a Two-Dimensional Elastic Wing

In this report, the responses of an elastic wing to two-dimensional gusts were investigated. The deformations of a two-dimensional elastic wing caused by gust were separated into two types, i.e., the bending mode and the torsional mode. The gusts treated here were the sinusoidal gust and the random gust. In the case of sinusoidal gust, the modes of deformation were obtained both theoretically and experimentally. In the case of random gust, the power spectral functions and the frequency transfer functions were obtained experimentally. The frequency transfer functions obtained by theoretical calculations were also compared with the experimental values

Aircraft Parameter Identification in the Presence of Atmospheric Turbulence

This paper investigates the method for identifying the unknown parameters in the dynamics of an aircraft from flight data affected by random disturbances due to wind gusts. Two general algorithms suitable for applying to such stochastic environments, i.e. the method of maximum likelihood (ML) estimation and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) technique, are examined for capability by numerical simulations. The advantages and shortcomings of each algorithm are discussed in detail, which leads to the conclusion that the combined use of the two algorithms provides a powerful on-line technique, insensitive to initial parameter estimates

An Application of Self-Tuning Regulator to GLA system of an Aircraft

In this paper, a Self-Tuning Regulator (STR), one of the adaptive control strategies, is applied to the GLA system of a large civil aircraft. Two types of STR are introduced. For Algorithm 1, the restriction that the number of the inputs must be equal to that of the outputs is imposed. On the contrary, for Algorithm 2, this restriction is released. These two algorithms are applied to alleviate the gust response of aircrafts, firstly a rigid aircraft and secondly a flexible one. In consequence of simulations, it is found that the STR can alleviate the gust response of aircrafts favorably. A STR is more effective to alleviate response to a discrete gust than to a continuous gust. In spite of the inaccurate estimation of system parameters, the STR works well. Generally, the proposed STR's show better performance for a rigid aircraft than for a flexible one. However, even for the latter, by choosing initial values of parameters appropriately, we can get good results

An Application of Stochastic Control Theory to the Gust-Alleviation System for a Transport Airplane

The optimal control law that minimizes the gust responses of an airplane's longitudinal motion is obtained, making assumptions that the airplane is approximated as a point and that aeroelastic problem is ignored. The airplane gust-alleviation problem has been treated mainly in the frequency domain because of the simplicity of the input-output relations for the power spectra. But in the optimal control problem, the approach in the time domain, applying the optimal stochastic control theory, seems to have more advantages for investigating such a complex control as gust-alleviation. The system state equations consist of the short-period equation of an airplane and the gust shaping filter. The optimal linear control law is derived by applying the Matrix Minimum Principle which minimizes the R.M.S. values of the normal acceleration and the pitch rate at the center of gravity. The results of the numerical calculation for two types of control systems, one being the linkage-control system and the other the independent-control system, are shown in the case of a conventional transport. The latter system is ascertained to have a fairly better performance. The optimal system is also ascertained to have very low sensitivity to the change of the scale of turbulence

Trust in Physicians, Continuity and Coordination of Care, and Quality of Death in Patients with Advanced Cancer

Background: Provider-centered factors contribute to unexplained variation in the quality of death (QOD). The relationship between healthcare providers (HCPs) and patients, bidirectional communication, and consistency of longitudinal care planning are important provider-centered factors.Objective: To explore whether the level of trust in HCPs, the quality of continuity of care, and the level of coordination of care among home HCPs are associated with the QOD for cancer patients dying at home.Design: This study was a part of a nationwide multicenter questionnaire survey of bereaved family members of cancer patients evaluating the quality of end-of-life care in Japan.Setting/Subjects: We investigated 702 family members of cancer patients who died at home.Measurements: The QOD was evaluated from nine core domains of the short version of the Good Death Inventory (GDI). We measured five factors on a Likert scale, including patient and family trust in HCPs, continuity of care by home hospice and hospital physicians, and coordination of care among home hospice staff.Results: A total of 538 responses (77%) were obtained and 486 responses were analyzed. Trust in HCPs was correlated with the GDI score (r = 0.300–0.387, p < 0.001). The quality of care coordination was associated with the GDI score (r = 0.242, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Trust of the patient and family in home hospice staff, as well as coordination of care among hospice staff, are associated with the QOD for cancer patients dying at home

Macrophage centripetal migration drives spontaneous healing process after spinal cord injury.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) brings numerous inflammatory cells, including macrophages, from the circulating blood to lesions, but pathophysiological impact resulting from spatiotemporal dynamics of macrophages is unknown. Here, we show that macrophages centripetally migrate toward the lesion epicenter after infiltrating into the wide range of spinal cord, depending on the gradient of chemoattractant C5a. However, macrophages lacking interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) cannot migrate toward the epicenter and remain widely scattered in the injured cord with profound axonal loss and little remyelination, resulting in a poor functional outcome after SCI. Time-lapse imaging and P2X/YRs blockade revealed that macrophage migration via IRF8 was caused by purinergic receptors involved in the C5a-directed migration. Conversely, pharmacological promotion of IRF8 activation facilitated macrophage centripetal movement, thereby improving the SCI recovery. Our findings reveal the importance of macrophage centripetal migration via IRF8, providing a novel therapeutic target for central nervous system injury

ツバサノトップウオウトウニカンスルケンキュウ

京都大学0048新制・論文博士工学博士乙第2170号論工博第565号新制||工||238(附属図書館)3382UT51-47-K149(主査)教授 前田 弘, 教授 神元 五郎, 教授 玉田 珖学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDA