Three-Dimensional Volumetric/ Linear Analysis and Axial Classification of Root Resorptions Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the volumetric-linear analysis and to present a new axial classification of root resorptions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 43 teeth with root resorption (external cervical resorption (ECR) (n=27), external replacement resorption (ERR) (n=4) and internal root resorption (IRR) (n=12)) from 34 patients were included in this study. On CBCT images of teeth, the volume of total tooth and resorption for the volumetric analysis, the widest lengths of resorptions and the amount of thinnest dentin thickness around them for the linear analysis were measured, and volumetric/linear measurements were compared according to age and gender. In addition, the eight regional axial classification was performed, and these regions were compared. Data were evaluated using Shapiro-Wilk, Pearson’s r., Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post-hoc tests. Significance was set at p=0.05 for statistical analysis. Results: No significant difference was found between the volumetric and linear measurements of ECRs, ERRs, and IRRs. No difference between genders in volumetric and linear measurements of ECRs and IRRs, except total tooth volume, was higher in males than in females in ECRs (

The art of tapestry in France from 10th to 17thecnturies and its associated processes of development

En eski dokuma sanatları içinde yer alan tapestry dokumalar figürlü örneklerin olusumuyla ortaya çıkmıs bir kavramdır. Tapestry; figürlü, resimli dokumaların Avrupa kaynaklı ismidir. Tapestryler; atkı yüzlü düz dokuma yapısını tanımlamakla birlikte, mekik olmadan, parmaklarla ya da bir bobin yardımı ile atkı ipliklerinin çözgüye baglandıgı bir dokuma türüdür. Tapestry dokumalarda atkı iplikleri olusturulacak figür boyunca ileri geri hareket ederek desen olusumunu saglar. Diger düz dokumalarda oldugu gibi atkı iplikleri kumasın eni boyunca ilerlemez. Tapestryde kullanılan atkı iplikleri çözgü ipliklerinden daha ince olur ve bu yöntemle elde edilen dokuma, renk ve desen olarak zengin aynı zamanda atkı ipliklerinin çözgü ipliklerini tamamen kapatacak sekilde bir dokuma yapısına sahip olur. Tapestryler duvar örtüsü, perde, halı, mobilya örtüsü ve farklı islevlere sahip ürünler olarak da kullanılabilinen, çogunlukla üzerleri resimli elde dokunmus tekstil ya da dokuma kuması da ifade etmektedirler. Tapestry dokumalarda agırlıklı olarak yün, keten, pamuk, ipek gibi dört temel dogal lif ve dogal boyalar kullanılmıstır. Ortaçag'ın sonlarına dogru yapılan tapestrylerde altın ve gümüs iplikler dokumalara eklenmistir. Tapestryler Ortaçag'ın baslarında yalnızca korunma, yalıtım, dekoratif unsur amaçlı kullanılırken çagın sonlarına dogru itibar ve politik deger tasıyan ürünler olarak görülmüslerdir. Yapılan arastırmalar dogrultusunda günümüzde Anadolu ‘da Çatalhöyük'te James Mellaart ve Ian Hodder tarafından gerçeklestirilen kazılarda ele geçirilen kumas kalıntılarının bundan yaklasık 8 bin yıl önceye dayandıgı kanıtlanmıstır. Tapestry tekniginin batıya geçisinde etkin olan Mısır'da ise bu dokuma tekniginin M.Ö.5000'lere kadar uzanan bir geçmisi oldugu bilinmektedir. Fransa'da ise tapestry dokumaların olusması 9. yüzyılda gerçeklesmis, 11.ve 12. yüzyılda gelisme göstererek belirli alanlarda kurulan atölyelerle üretim saglanmıs ve üretilen ürünlerin kalitesi bakımından belli baslı dokuma merkezleri olusmustur. Fransa'da 12. yüzyılda tapestry üretimi alanındaki ilk merkez Paris olmustur. Tamamlanması uzun yıllar alan ve büyük bir incelikle dokunmus tapestryler her dönem gelisen ve degisen teknolojiden yararlanılarak dokuma sanatının evriminde malzeme ve yorum açısından degisim göstermis olsa bile, bu dokumalarda kullanılan teknikler her zaman aynı kalmıstır. Bugün kullanılan dokuma yapıları; kullanılan yeni malzemeler ve yapısalcı sentezler ısıgında figüratif, sembolik, dekoratif, politik yönelim tasıyan, düsündürücü kategorilerde yorumlanmaktadır. Günümüzde dokuma sanatçıları geleneksel teknikleri, güncelligin getirdigi hız ve yeni malzeme ile eski malzeme kullanımlarını birlestirerek tekrar yorumlamıslardır. Tapestry sanatında çıgır açan dokuma sanatçıları ve tasarımcılarının etkinliklerinden çalısma kapsamı içinde söz edilmistir. Tezin içerigi dogrultusunda, tapestry dokuma sanatı temel alınarak hazırlanan özgün dokumalarda çıkıs noktası olarak ele alınan konu portre sanatı olmustur. Portre sanatı, Fransa'da 15. ve 16. yüzyıllarda ortaya çıkmıs fakat etkisi çok uzun ömürlü olmamıstır. O yüzyıllardaki temel amaç, var olan bir yaglı boya veya herhangi bir teknikle olusturulmus portrelerden yola çıkarak tapestry dokuma portreler üretmek olmustur. Uygulama örnekleri, 15. yüzyıl Fransa'sında dokunan portre çıkıslı tapestry teknigini ilke edinerek asamalı bir sekilde sürdürülmüstür. Among the earliest weaving articles, tapestry items is a concept which appeared from patterned materials. Tapestry is the name that originated in European pictured weavings. Although tapestry defines a weft faced plain weaving structure, it is a sort of woven item in which weft threads are tied to warps by fingers or a bobbin. One moves weft threads back and forth along the pattern to be formed in tapestry weaving. Weft threads are not moved horizontally on the woven material such as are in other plain weavings. Weft threads are thinner than warps and the woven material is therefore rich in colour and pattern, with wefts fully covering warps. Tapestry refers to handwoven textiles on which there are pictures or picture- woven or patterned materials which are or can be used as wall coverings, curtains, carpets, upholstery and various multi-purpose items Four basic natural fibres such as wool, linen, cotton and silk, and natural dyes were mostly used in tapestry weavings. By the end of the Medieval Ages golden and silver threads were added into tapestries. While tapestries were used only for purposes of protection, insulation and decoration early the Medieval Ages, they were of great importance in prestige, privilage and politics late that period. In the light of the studies made on the issue, remnants of textiles excavated by James Mellaart and Ian Hodder from Çatalhoyuk, Anatolia were found to date back to eight millennia ago. Egypt, however, which influenced transition of tapestry technique to West, is known to have a long history of this technique going back to 5000.B.C. In France tapestry weaving appeared in 9th century, progressing during 11th and 12th centuries thanks to the output of Ateliers in and around major weaving centers among which Paris was the first to flourish considering the quality of the items produced. Despite the fact that tapestries which take long years to complete and which were woven with great care and patience tended to differ in material and interpretation in the evolution of the weaving art thanks to developing and changing technologies in every age and era, the techniques used have always remained unchanged. Weaving structures used today are interpreted in engrossing categories with figurative, symbolic,decorative and political trends in the light of new materials used and constructionalistic syntheses. Today's weaving artists / designers combine traditional techniques and material uses with technolocigal speed and new material to reinterpret them. Within the context of the study are mentioned activities of weaving artists and designers who revolutioned the art of tapestry. Concerning the essence of the thesis, it is portraiture which is regarded as the main point in the unique weavings prepared in terms of the art of tapestry weaving. Portraiture emerged in France 15th and 16th centuries but declined later. It was the main purpose of those centuries to produce woven portrays simply imitating or copying oils or any other techniques used in portraiture. Examples of aplications were maintained on gradual basis considering the tapestry technique of the portrays woven in France during 15th century

Three-dimensional volumetric/linear analysis and axial classification of root resorptions using cone beam computed tomography: A retrospective study

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the volumetric-linear analysis and to present a new axial classification of root resorptions using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 43 teeth with root resorption (external cervical resorption (ECR) (n=27), external replacement resorption (ERR) (n=4) and internal root resorption (IRR) (n=12)) from 34 patients were included in this study. On CBCT images of teeth, the volume of total tooth and resorption for the volumetric analysis, the widest lengths of resorptions and the amount of thinnest dentin thickness around them for the linear analysis were measured, and volumetric/linear measurements were compared according to age and gender. In addition, the eight regional axial classification was performed, and these regions were compared. Data were evaluated using Shapiro-Wilk, Pearson’s r., Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post-hoc tests. Significance was set at p=0.05 for statistical analysis. Results: No significant difference was found between the volumetric and linear measurements of ECRs, ERRs, and IRRs. No difference between genders in volumetric and linear measurements of ECRs and IRRs, except total tooth volume, was higher in males than in females in ECRs (p<0.05). With increasing age in ECRs, the buccal dentin thickness increased, and bucco-lingual length and total tooth volume decreased (p<0.05). In axial classification, ECRs were mostly found in lingual, while IRRs and ERRs did not show regional differences. Conclusions: Although root resorptions had different localizations and classifications, they did not differ in terms of volumetric and linear measurements due to having similar nature. Using CBCT imaging, the volumetric/linear analysis and axial classification of resorptions, and demographic differences according to these parameters can help clinicians in understanding the nature of resorption and in determining appropriate management

Three-Dimensional Volumetric/ Linear Analysis and Axial Classification of Root Resorptions Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the volumetric-linear analysis and to present a new axial classification of root resorptions using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 43 teeth with root resorption (external cervical resorption (ECR) (n=27), external replacement resorption (ERR) (n=4) and internal root resorption (IRR) (n=12)) from 34 patients were included in this study. On CBCT images of teeth, the volume of total tooth and resorption for the volumetric analysis, the widest lengths of resorptions and the amount of thinnest dentin thickness around them for the linear analysis were measured, and volumetric/linear measurements were compared according to age and gender. In addition, the eight regional axial classification was performed, and these regions were compared. Data were evaluated using Shapiro-Wilk, Pearson’s r., Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post-hoc tests. Significance was set at p=0.05 for statistical analysis. Results: No significant difference was found between the volumetric and linear measurements of ECRs, ERRs, and IRRs. No difference between genders in volumetric and linear measurements of ECRs and IRRs, except total tooth volume, was higher in males than in females in ECRs (p<0.05). With increasing age in ECRs, the buccal dentin thickness increased, and bucco-lingual length and total tooth volume decreased (p<0.05). In axial classification, ECRs were mostly found in lingual, while IRRs and ERRs did not show regional differences. Conclusions: Although root resorptions had different localizations and classifications, they did not differ in terms of volumetric and linear measurements due to having similar nature. Using CBCT imaging, the volumetric/linear analysis and axial classification of resorptions, and demographic differences according to these parameters can help clinicians in understanding the nature of resorption and in determining appropriate management

Assessment of bone quality of apical periodontitis treated with MTA plug and regenerative endodontic techniques

Fractal analysis (FA) is a quantitative, objective and non-invasive method that facilitates the characterisation of the tissue architecture. This study aims to compare the periapical healing at 1-year follow-up by evaluating newly generated trabecular bone with FA after Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plug and regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). A total of 55 asymptomatic teeth with a single-canal, open apex and periapical lesion, treated with MTA plug or RET, were evaluated retrospectively. After considering the inclusion/exclusion criteria, FA was conducted on 30 periapical images using the box-counting method. In both groups, a significant decrease was observed in the periapical lesion size at 1-year follow-up (p 0.01). Significantly higher fractal dimension values were detected at 1-year follow-up in both MTA plug and RET cases (p 0.01). Both procedures seem to improve periapical healing with a new resistant bone of similar density and complexity

MALNUTRITION VIA GLIM CRITERIA IN GENERAL SURGERY PATIENTS

Purpose: The purposes are to determine malnutrition in elective general surgery patients via GLIM criteria, and to determine the effect of malnutrition on Length of Stay (LoS).Material and Methods: : In this cross-sectional study malnutrition was detected by GLIM after a pre -assessment via NRS2002. Reduced muscle mass in GLIM, was assessed using different anthropometric measurements and cut-off points and a handgrip. Length of hospital (LoS) and intensive care unit (ICU) stay were the outcomes. Data were collected within 48 hours of admission. Association between malnutrition and outcomes were determine by t-test. Logistic regression models were established to present the effect of malnutrition on long LoS. p0.05 was deemed significant.Results: Among participants (n=224) risk of malnutrition was 45.5% via NRS2002, malnutrition was 44-45 % via GLIM. The ones who are under risk of malnutrition and malnourished has significantly longer ICU stay and LoS. After controlling for confounding variables, being in malnutrition via GLIM, significantly increased long LoS 3.9-fold (p0.001).Conclusion: Malnutrition increased LoS. NRS2002 and GLIM yield similar results. Measured by a non-elastic tape, circumference measurements can be preferred to define reduced muscle mass in GLIM. Broader studies should be conducted to determine which anthropometric measurement would better define reduced muscle mass for GLIM

Mouth Rinsing with Maltodextrin Solutions Fails to Improve Time Trial Endurance Cycling Performance in Recreational Athletes

The carbohydrate (CHO) concentration of a mouth rinsing solution might influence the CHO sensing receptors in the mouth, with consequent activation of brain regions involved in reward, motivation and regulation of motor activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of maltodextrin mouth rinsing with different concentrations (3%, 6% and 12%) after an overnight fast on a 20 km cycling time trial performance. Nine recreationally active, healthy males (age: 24 +/- 2 years; (V)over dotO(2)max: 47 +/- 5 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)) participated in this study. A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study was conducted. Participants mouth-rinsed every 2.5 km for 5 s. Maltodextrin mouth rinse with concentrations of 3%, 6% or 12% did not change time to complete the time trial and power output compared to placebo (p > 0.05). Time trial completion times were 40.2 +/- 4.0, 40.1 +/- 3.9, 40.1 +/- 4.4, and 39.3 +/- 4.2 min and power output 205 +/- 22, 206 +/- 25, 210 +/- 24, and 205 +/- 23 W for placebo, 3%, 6%, and 12% maltodextrin conditions, respectively. Heart rate, lactate, glucose, and rating of perceived exertion did not differ between trials (p > 0.05). In conclusion, mouth rinsing with different maltodextrin concentrations after an overnight fast did not affect the physiological responses and performance during a 20 km cycling time trial in recreationally active males