Ressourcennutzung und Umweltverhalten prähistorischer Bauern. Eine Analyse archäologischer und ethnographischer Untersuchungen

Die Ur- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie erforscht den Umgang des Menschen mit seiner Umwelt in erster Linie mit naturwissenschaftlichen Methoden. Die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse erlauben es vor allem, Aussagen über die Wirtschaftsweise zu treffen. Ungleich schwerer ist es, auf die soziokulturellen Ursachen bzw. die Verflechtung von Ökonomie, Sozialstruktur, Religion usw. bei der Ressourcennutzung zu schließen. Diese Arbeit legt eine systematische Sammlung und vergleichende Auswertung archäozoologischer und archäobotanischer sowie ethnographischer Befunde und daraus abgeleiteter Aussagen zum Umweltverhalten bäuerlich wirtschaftender Menschen vor. Mit einem komparativen und analogischen Ansatz sowie einem generellen Modell werden Möglichkeiten der Deutung und wahrscheinliche Verknüpfungen von Umwelt, Ökonomie und Kultur aufgezeigt.Bestellung möglich über: https://www.buchhandel.de/buch/Ressourcennutzung-und-Umweltverhalten-praehistorischer-Bauern-978394655205

Sphere bundles with 1/4-pinched fiberwise metrics

We prove that all smooth sphere bundles that admit fiberwise 1/4-pinched metrics are induced bundles of vector bundles, so their structure groups reduce from DIFF(S^n) to O(n+1). This result implies the existence of many smooth S^n-bundles over S^k that do not support strictly 1/4-pinched positively curved Riemannian metrics on their fibers

The implications of initiating immediate climate change mitigation - A potential for co-benefits?

Fragmented climate policies across parties of the United Nations Framework on Climate Change have led to the question of whether initiating significant and immediate climate change mitigation can support the achievement of other non-climate objectives. We analyze such potential co-benefits in connection with a range of mitigation efforts using results from eleven integrated assessment models. These model results suggest that an immediate mitigation of climate change coincide for Europe with an increase in energy security and a higher utilization of non-biomass renewable energy technologies. In addition, the importance of phasing out coal is highlighted with external cost estimates showing substantial health benefits consistent with the range of mitigation efforts

Nanostructure-modulated planar high spectral resolution spectro-polarimeter

We present a planar spectro-polarimeter based on Fabry-P{\'e}rot cavities with embedded polarization-sensitive high-index nanostructures. A $7~\mu$m-thick spectro-polarimetric system for 3 spectral bands and 2 linear polarization states is experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, an optimal design is theoretically proposed, estimating that a system with a bandwidth of 127~nm and a spectral resolution of 1~nm is able to reconstruct the first three Stokes parameters \textcolor{black}{with a signal-to-noise ratio of -13.14~dB with respect to the the shot noise limited SNR}. The pixelated spectro-polarimetric system can be directly integrated on a sensor, thus enabling applicability in a variety of miniaturized optical devices, including but not limited to satellites for Earth observation

Parental behaviour of a precocial species: implications for juvenile survival

Parents determine habitat selection for precocial young by leading their young to foraging areas until the chicks attain full independence. There are potential benefits and costs to reproductive success associated with changing habitats while caring for young. This study investigated the relationship between different types of habitats and their quality on chick survival and brood movements of a declining upland shorebird, the mountain plover Charadrius montanus.From 2004 to 2006, a total of 153 mountain plover broods were monitored on the primary breeding habitats in eastern Colorado, USA; two shortgrass prairie habitats that were either occupied or unoccupied by black-tailed prairie dogs Cynomys ludovicianus and agricultural lands. Habitat quality hypotheses were tested using newly developed statistical applications to estimate survival of chicks and brood movement patterns.Chick survival and brood movements were influenced by habitat. Chick survival over the 30-day brood-rearing period was substantially higher on nesting habitat of shortgrass occupied by prairie dogs compared with agricultural land and shortgrass unoccupied by prairie dogs. The rate of brood movement away from shortgrass with prairie dogs was lower than shortgrass without prairie dogs, but higher than agricultural lands for each year of the study.This study suggests that complex processes influence how different habitats affect brood-rearing activity of mountain plovers. Even though broods moved off nesting habitat of shortgrass occupied by prairie dogs, this habitat had the highest survival rate and is highly important to mountain plover reproductive success.Synthesis and applications. In order to develop effective conservation strategies, the provision of adequate breeding habitat should include information on patterns of habitat selection for all stages of the breeding cycle, including the nesting and dependent young periods. From a conservation perspective, understanding the habitat use of young birds is critical when population dynamics show great sensitivity to survival of young. Previous studies on mountain plovers have suggested that nest success is similar among shortgrass prairie habitats and agricultural lands. Thus, conservation measures that increase nest success may be ineffective for mountain plovers unless they are accompanied by measures promoting chick survival

Phenol-rich fulvic acid as a water additive enhances growth, reduces stress, and stimulates the immune system of fish in aquaculture

Aquaculture has become imperative to cover the demands for dietary animal protein. Simultaneously, it has to overcome prejudices from excessive use of antibiotics and environmental impacts. Natural supplements are traditionally applied orally. In this study, we demonstrated another pathway: the gills. Humic substances are immunostimulants and a natural part of every aquatic ecosystem, making them ideal to be used as bath stimulants. Five and 50 mg C/L of a fulvic acid-rich humic substance was added for 28 days to the water of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This fulvic acid is characterized by a high content of phenolic moieties with persistent free radicals and a high electron exchange capacity. The high concentration of the fulvic acid significantly increased growth and reduced the food conversion ratio and the response to a handling-stressor. Phagocytosis and potential killing activity of head kidney leukocytes were increased, as well as the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) and lysozyme activity in the gills. In conclusion, immunostimulation via gills is possible with our fulvic acid, and the high phenolic content improved overall health and stress resistance of fish.Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006360Projekt DEALPeer Reviewe

Sphere bundles with 1/4-pinched fiberwise metrics

We prove that all smooth sphere bundles that admit fiberwise 1/4-pinched metrics are induced bundles of vector bundles, so their structure groups reduce from DIFF(S^n) to O(n+1). This result implies the existence of many smooth S^n-bundles over S^k that do not support strictly 1/4-pinched positively curved Riemannian metrics on their fibers