The shape of the urine stream — from biophysics to diagnostics

We develop a new computational model of capillary-waves in free-jet flows, and apply this to the problem of urological diagnosis in this first ever study of the biophysics behind the characteristic shape of the urine stream as it exits the urethral meatus. The computational fluid dynamics model is used to determine the shape of a liquid jet issuing from a non-axisymmetric orifice as it deforms under the action of surface tension. The computational results are verified with experimental modelling of the urine stream. We find that the shape of the stream can be used as an indicator of both the flow rate and orifice geometry. We performed volunteer trials which showed these fundamental correlations are also observed in vivo for male healthy volunteers and patients undergoing treatment for low flow rate. For healthy volunteers, self estimation of the flow shape provided an accurate estimation of peak flow rate (+-2%). However for the patients, the relationship between shape and flow rate suggested poor meatal opening during voiding. The results show that self measurement of the shape of the urine stream can be a useful diagnostic tool for medical practitioners since it provides a non-invasive method of measuring urine flow rate and urethral dilation

Anisotropy, phonon modes, and lattice anharmonicity from dielectric function tensor analysis of monoclinic cadmium tungstate

We determine the frequency dependence of four independent CdWO$_4$ Cartesian dielectric function tensor elements by generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry within mid-infrared and far-infrared spectral regions. Single crystal surfaces cut under different angles from a bulk crystal, (010) and (001), are investigated. From the spectral dependencies of the dielectric function tensor and its inverse we determine all long wavelength active transverse and longitudinal optic phonon modes with $A_u$ and $B_u$ symmetry as well as their eigenvectors within the monoclinic lattice. We thereby demonstrate that such information can be obtained completely without physical model line shape analysis in materials with monoclinic symmetry. We then augment the effect of lattice anharmonicity onto our recently described dielectric function tensor model approach for materials with monoclinic and triclinic crystal symmetries [Phys. Rev. B, 125209 (2016)], and we obtain excellent match between all measured and modeled dielectric function tensor elements. All phonon mode frequency and broadening parameters are determined in our model approach. We also perform density functional theory phonon mode calculations, and we compare our results obtained from theory, from direct dielectric function tensor analysis, and from model lineshape analysis, and we find excellent agreement between all approaches. We also discuss and present static and above reststrahlen spectral range dielectric constants. Our data for CdWO$_4$ are in excellent agreement with a recently proposed generalization of the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for materials with low crystal symmetry [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 215502 (2016)].Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1512.0859

Anisotropy and phonon modes from analysis of the dielectric function tensor and inverse dielectric function tensor of monoclinic yttrium orthosilicate

We determine the frequency dependence of the four independent Cartesian tensor elements of the dielectric function for monoclinic symmetry Y$_2$SiO$_5$ using generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry from 40-1200 cm$^{-1}$. Three different crystal cuts, each perpendicular to a principle axis, are investigated. We apply our recently described augmentation of lattice anharmonicity onto the eigendielectric displacement vector summation approach [A. Mock et al., Phys. Rev. B 95, 165202 (2017)], and we present and demonstrate the application of an eigendielectric displacement loss vector summation approach with anharmonic broadening. We obtain excellent match between all measured and model calculated dielectric function tensor elements and all dielectric loss function tensor elements. We obtain 23 A$_{\mathrm{u}}$ and 22 B$_{\mathrm{u}}$ symmetry long wavelength active transverse and longitudinal optical mode parameters including their eigenvector orientation within the monoclinic lattice. We perform density functional theory calculations and obtain 23 A$_{\mathrm{u}}$ symmetry and 22 B$_{\mathrm{u}}$ transverse and longitudinal optical mode parameters and their orientation within the monoclincic lattice. We compare our results from ellipsometry and density functional theory and find excellent agreement. We also determine the static and above reststrahlen spectral range dielectric tensor values and find a recently derived generalization of the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for polar phonons in monoclinic symmetry materials satisfied [M. Schubert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 215502 (2016)]

On Holiday! Policy and provision for disabled children and their families

This summary describes some findings from the On Holiday! study, carried out by the Thomas Coram Research Unit between 2004 and 2006 and funded by DfES. The study investigated the experiences of disabled children and their families outside school time and especially during the school holidays. The study took an approach informed by a social model of disability, one which emphasises the social construction of disability, rather than impairment

Circular 82

The development of improved plant cultivars is accomplished through comprehensive plant breeding programs. Such programs: 1) evaluate genetically-diverse germplasm in order to identify superior-performing genotypes; 2) create new genetic recombinations from crosses or other means using selected parental genotypes; 3) evaluate segregating progeny from these families while exerting selection pressure for desirable characteristics; and 4) identify superior-performing genotypes in yield trials conducted in multiple environments. This circular documents the current status of research in cultivar development associated with the Alaska barley breeding program

Circular 85

The development of improved plant cultivars is accomplished through comprehensive plant breeding programs. Such programs: 1) evaluate promising germplasm to identify superior-performing genotypes for use as parents; 2) create new genetic recombinations from these selected parental genotypes using crossing or other means; 3) evaluate segregating progeny from the resulting families while exerting selection pressure for desirable characteristics; and 4) identify superior-performing cultivars in yield trials conducted across multiple environments. This circular documents the current status of research in cultivar development associated with the Alaska barley breeding program

Circular 92

The development of improved plant cultivars is accomplished through comprehensive plant breeding programs. Such programs: 1) evaluate promising germplasm to identify superior-performing genotypes for use as parents; 2) create new genetic recombinations from these selected parental genotypes using crossing or other means; 3) evaluate segregating progeny from the resulting families while exerting selection pressure for desirable characteristics; and 4) identify superior-performing cultivars in yield trials conducted across multiple environments. This circular documents the current status of research in cultivar development associated with the Alaska barley breeding program

The Parasitoid Complex of Forest Tent Caterpillar, \u3ci\u3eMalacosoma Disstria\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), in Eastern Wyoming Shelterbelts

A parasitoid complex affecting the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria, was investigated during 1978-79 in shelterbelts in eastern Wyoming. Egg parasitoids included five species: Ablerus clisiocampae, Ooencyrtus clisiocampae, Telenomus clisiocampae, Tetrastichus sp. 1 and Telenomus sp. Thirteen hymenopterous species and five dipterous species were reared from larvae and pupae of the forest tent caterpillar. The most common 5th-instar larval parasitoids were the tachinid flies, Lespesia archippivora and Archytas lateralis. Of the pupal parasitoids reared, 640/0 were Diptera and 36% were Hymenoptera. Four previously unrecorded parasitoids of M. disstria were reared: Cotesia alalantae, Macrocentrus irridescens, Pimpla sanguinipes erythropus, and Lespesia flavifrons.

Hotel or home at the seaside? Challenges and opportunities for family wellbeing

This project explores front line practitioners’ perceptions of challenges and opportunities for housing, social care and wellbeing needs of families living in poor privately rented housing in Margate. Addressing multiple deprivation in the area is complex as new families move into the area seeking low cost housing. Addressing privately rented housing conditions can involve lengthy legal processes. The fluid community presents difficulties in nurturing stability and cohesion with challenges for developing social capital. Findings also demonstrate the enormous commitment to local families and the support offered by a range of statutory and non statutory organisations working together in the area and an ongoing effort to evaluate and improve housing and allied services in seeking to help nurture and develop individual and community wellbeing in a highly complex setting